2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/13419
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Item VARIABILITATEA UNOR TRĂSĂTURI CANTITATIVE LA GRÂUL DE TOAMNĂ ÎN CONDIȚII DE SECETĂ(CEP USM, 2023) Sașco, ElenaIt has been researched the response of some quantitative traits at the early ontogeny stage of the wheat genotypes M79/M5 (aristate), M79/M5 (nonaristate) and Mirg./Od.162/M79 under conditions of water restriction adjusted with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) in concentrations of 10% and 16% at temperatures of 22oC and 12oC. Variance analysis revealed PEG desiccation with major weight in the phenotypic variance of Germination and Stem/Root ratio (80.2% and 74.3%). The temperature was accounted for 85.2%, 88.8% and 88.0% of the variance of Root, Stem and Whole Plant. Both stressors produced 38.5% and 57.0% in phenotyping the Integral Plant Index. The high values both for Heritability coefficient in broad sense, but also for Genetic advance over the mean predict an advantage in the improvement of wheat during drought.Item THE DETERMINATION OF ATTRACTIVENESS IN TWO SEMIOCHEMICALS FOR BENEFICIAL HYMENOPTERA(CEP USM, 2023) Eliseev, Serghei; Iordosopol, ElenaSeveral aspects (optimal distances placement, beneficial hymenopteran’ families composition, used compound volume per season) of two semiochemicals - phenylethanol and methyl salicylate’ attractiveness for beneficial hymenopterans were discussed.Item MODIFICAREA ACTIVITĂȚII PEROXIDAZEI ȘI A CATALAZEI ÎN FRUNZELE POMILOR DE PRUN ÎN DEPENDENȚĂ DE TRATARE A POMILOR CU SBA REGLALG ȘI MICROELEMENTE(CEP USM, 2023) Popovici, Ana; Bujoreanu, N.; Svetlicenco, Valentina; Gîscă, AlinaScientific research was carried out in the leaves of four late varieties of plum, two of foreign origin (Stanley and Prezident) and two of local origin (Udlinenaia and Superprezident). In them was determined the activity of the enzymes peroxidase and catalase. The activity values of the investigated enzymes during the vegetation period changed depending on the metabolic processes in the leaves of the trees that took place in certain phenophases, on the environmental conditions, on the amount of oxidative substances that formed in plant cells under the action of high temperatures, the biological peculiarities of the varieties, as well as the substances used to treat plum trees. In the version of the trees treated with SBA Reglalg and microelements B, Zn, Mn, Mo, the activity of these enzymes was higher than in the control version. The mentioned substances positively influenced the activity of these enzymes during the vegetation period. With the modification of the activity of the enzymes peroxidase and catalase in ontogenesis, we mention their participation in the metabolic processes that correlate with the functions of resistance and adaptation of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions and, consequently, the formation of the harvest and the quality of the fruits.Item SOLUȚIE TEHNICĂ PENTRU REPRODUCEREA ÎN MASĂ A INSECTELOR BENEFICE(CEP USM, 2023) Gorban, V.; Gavrilița, LidiaThe device made in this work refers, in particular, to devices for the mass reproduction of beneficial insects, and can be used for the growth of parasitoids (eggs, larvae, imago). The technical solution represents a device made in the form of a vertical cylinder. Holes drilled in the lower part of this cylinder, are covered with capron mesh with smaller cells than the size of the breeded insects. The air periodically pumped by a fan, ensures an uniform air circulation throughout the section of the maintenance chamber. The biological material is attached on tapes with labels. Later, these tapes are loaded into the maintenance room and fixed on the support in a vertical position, so that the optimal conditions for the development of insects can be ensured.Item ACTIVITATEA CATALAZEI, PEROXIDAZEI ȘI PEROXIDĂRII LIPIDELOR ÎN RĂDĂCINILE PORUMBULUI SUB INFLUENȚA ȘOCULUI TERMIC ȘI A PREPARATLUI REGLALG(CEP USM, 2023) Cauș, Maria; Dascaliuc, A.; Borozan, P.In recent years, due to the climate changes, the growth and development of corn is affected by heat stress, especially at an early stage of ontogeny. Influence of biostimulant Reglalg, used for seed pretreatment of maize hybrids Por. 310 and Por. 374 before exposure to heat shock (HS) at 50°C for 30 min, on catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PO), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) of root seedlings was studied. Compared to the Reglalg variants, root growth of control seedlings was more strongly affected by HS, since the activity levels of CAT, PO and MDA content in the roots were higher. This demonstrates the beneficial effects of Reglalg in increasing maize tolerance to HS.Item BACTERIOPHAGES IN THE QUINCE TREES PROTECTION AGAINST THE FIRE BLIGHT DISEASE(CEP USM, 2023) Samoilova, AnnaThe system “bacteria Erwinia amylovora — bacteriophages Erwinia amylovora” has been investigated in the quince shoots under the controlled temperature and humidity and the absence of the most inhabitants of the orchard microbiocenosis; in the quince plants under the partially controlled conditions of the experimental plot and in the commercial quince orchard under the pressure of the biotic and abiotic stressors. In all three investigated environments E. amylovora bacteriophages, used in the experiments, demonstrated ability to suppress the fire blight pathogen bacterium Erwinia amylovora growth in the quince plants tissues.Item IMMUNOLOGIC EVALUATION OF MAIZE COLLECTION SAMPLES(CEP USM, 2023) Bilici, Elena; Grajdieru, CristinaSeven inbred maize lines from the active collection of Laboratory of plant genetic resources were tested for their susceptibility to fungal pathogens using visual evaluation of disease symptoms and molecular diagnostics. The highest infection rate was registered in MAN2492 and was 35%, therefore the respective genotype can be classified as susceptible. MAN2466 lacked symptoms of diseases and for MAN2488 minimum value of the respective parameter was registered (5%) – resistant genotype group. Quantitative analysis showed that the overall value of DNA sequences specific for the fungal genome was the lowest in the grain of MAN2488, MAN2491, MAN2470 genotypes.Item INFLUENȚA POTENȚIALULUI DE FERTILITATE A SOLULUI ASUPRA INDICILOR DE PRODUCȚIE LA FLOAREA SOARELUI CULTIVATĂ ÎN RAIONUL CAHUL, REPUBLICA MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2023) Paladi, I.Sunflower is a plant widely used in the food industry and human food. In the diet of the peoples of Eastern Europe, sunflower oil is the most important source of calories as much as bread. And sunflower seeds are the second product by volume exported from the Republic of Moldova. Due to drought resistance and unpretentiousness to agrophytotechnical measures and a good marketing price it is one of the most profitable crops grown in our country. However, soils do not have the same production potential everywhere and this must be taken into account when developing cultivation technologies as well as the choice of hybrids.Item REOMOLOGAREA PREPARATELOR BIOLOGICE - CALE SIGURĂ DE SOLUȚIONARE A PROBLEMELOR DE PROTECȚIE A PLANTELOR PENTRU AGRICULTURA CONVENȚIONALĂ ȘI ECOLOGICĂ(CEP USM, 2023) Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Pînzaru, Boris; Stîngaci, Aurelia; Zavtoni, Panteleimon; Lungu, A.; Crucean, ȘtefanLarge scale implementation of microbiological preparations ensures combat not only of the noxious insects but also of pathogen agents which cannot be efficiently combated by other means of biological control. The high efficiency of viral, bacterial and mycotic preparations for combating harmful insects was demonstrated in the main groups of agricultural crops which, being applied in optimal conditions against the corresponding phases. In the report the last performances in elaboration of the biotechnologies for production of the microbiological preparations, and improvement of their application technologies in the system for integrated plant protection of different groups of crops and determination of their place in these systems are much discussed. This report presents the results of state registration of 4 preparations (1 viral, 1 bacterial and 2 fungal) for combating of pest insects and phytopathogen agents.Item IMPACTUL INFECȚIILOR VIRALE ASUPRA ACTIVITĂȚII GAMETOFITULUI MASCULIN DE TOMATE(CEP USM, 2023) Saltanovici, Tatiana; Andronic, Larisa; Antoci, Ludmila; Buldumac, AnaReinfection of tomato genotypes with tobacco mosaic virus or tomato aspermia virus results in a change of plant pollen productivity and male gametophyte activity. Under the influence of infection, the specificity of the genotype response for a number of functional traits of the male gametophyte was revealed. Under conditions of primary infection and reinfection, the genotype was a determining factor in the variability of pollen viability, while the change in the size of pollen tubes was mainly determined by the appearance of viruses. As a result of the experiments, two varieties Venets and Rufina were selected for further research, combining a high level of pollen viability and productivity. They testify to a high reproductive capacity of varieties; the combination of these indicators can be used as a tool for the selection of valuable genotypes.Item OPTIMIZAREA TERMENELOR DE EFECTUARE A TRATAMENTELOR ÎN COMBATEREA VIERMELUI MERELOR(CEP USM, 2023) Tretiacova, Tatiana; Gușan, Ana; Todiraș, VladimirApplying the concept of degree-days to estimate the timing of pest emergence adequately describes the development cycle of the apple worm. Codling moth Cydia pomonella, as has been considered have two generation in Moldova, with only rare isolated cases of an incomplete third generation. In the light of recent advancements on the topic of climate change, a possible shift towards more than two generations per year has to be considered. Change of generation number would also require a shift in recommendations for codling moth management. Different generation number patterns were observed ranging from typical two generation development in 2021 to a pattern strongly suggesting three generation codling moth development in 2019.Item UTILIZAREA SISTEMUL DE CLASIFICARE BIOCLASS PENTRU EVALUAREA RISCULUI FITOSANITAR(CEP USM, 2023) Todiraș, Vladimir; Tretiacova, Tatiana; Gușan, Ana; Popa, A.This study aims to evaluate opportunities to use the online classification system BioClass for phytosanitary risk assessment. BioClass is a GIS tool designed to solve multiple-criteria classification and optimization problems. The aim of BioClass is to introduce advances in Multi-objective Decision Making for real world problems. In BioClass we joined the advantages of rough sets, crisp level sets and fuzzy sets methods to improve classification processes. Information from pest models can be used to simulate and predict the intensity and potential pest threat. Interactions among microclimate components on sawfly (Haplocampa testudinea), codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) and scab (Venturia inaequalis) using GIS technologies was studied. For modeling, maps of the sum of active and effective temperatures were constructed by the Kriging interpolation method. The precision of beginning of the continuous flight of apple coddling moth and the calendar date for the first and second treatment in the orchards with a high and medium density of the pest were calculated. The accuracy of the forecast model for different sectors was 1–3 days. The BioClass system was used to identify pest economic damage thresholds in space for the identification of outbreaks and application of protective measures with the help of small flying devices of the drone type. The results confirmed that the BioClass classification system can be used for the online agro-ecological classification of the territory at household, region, country level and to provide farmers' consultation centers and forecasting stations with precise information for phytosanitary risk assessment.Item INFLUENȚA COMPONENTULUI MINOR ASUPRA ATRACTIVITĂȚII FEROMONULUI VIERMELUI ORIENTAL(CEP USM, 2023) Musleh, M.; Odobescu, Vasilisa; Erhan, Tatiana; Jalbă, SvetlanaIn this work, the effect of adding the minor component (C14H29OH) to the major components of the oriental fruit moth sex pheromone Z8-12:AC and E8- C12:AC was studied. The use of pheromone compositions with the addition of the minor component in increasing concentrations to the base composition of the oriental fruit moth sex pheromone on dispensers resulted in an amplification of the biological effectiveness by increasing the capture of males in pheromone traps by about 48% in experimental tests in the plum orchard .Item SĂNĂTATEA PLANTELOR – PLATFORMĂ DE FORTIFICARE A ACIVITĂȚILOR ÎN DOMENIUL FITOSANIAR(CEP USM, 2023) Voloșciuc, LeonidStarting from increasing the impact of phytosanitary agents and deepening the ecological problems caused by their combat, it becomes rational to change the paradigm of the protection of plants with their health. As effective measures in promoting plant health, it is proposed to apply the link between soil, plant and human health, the role and place of GMOs in solving phytosanitary problems, the perspectives of genome editing, the expansion of the implementation of regenerative agriculture. In order to overcome this problem, the paper contains information on the possibilities of application of synergic phenomena in plant protection, the interaction between which provides a significant increase in performance indicators and stability of the system state.Item WATER USE BY SOYBEAN VARIETIES OF DIFFERENT MATURITY GROUPS(CEP USM, 2023) Malii, Aliona; Harciuc, OlegThe seasonal change in soil moisture reserves in dependence on the genetic form of soybeans was studied. It has been established that the deep layers of the soil (40-150 cm) more consistently reflect the influence of the plant component than the surface ones. In 2021, water reserves decreased in the 0-150 cm layer: for the Pentata variety - by 103 mm, and for the Onika variety- by 53 mm. Thus, Onika variety (MG I) retained 50 mm more water in the field for the next season compared to variety Pentata (MG III).Item ACTIVITY OF FS 2 IN FLAG LEAF AND DEPTH OF THE TILLERING NODE TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.(CEP USM, 2023) Platovschii, Nicolai; Zdioruk, Nina; Ralea, T.; Gore, A.With the help of BAS Reglalg, it possible to control the depth of the tillering node in the soil. It was found that the experimental variants had higher levels of PS2 flag leaf activity compared to the control variants. In the heading phase, the activity of PS-2 of the flag leaf is the highest. The use of Reglalg contributes to the preservation of PS-2 activity during the period of intensive aging of the leaf blade, this affects the duration of the accumulation of dry matter of seeds in the ear, delaying the death of the leaf by about 1-2 days.Item IMPROVEMENT OF THE NEST DEVICES APPLICATION METHOD FOR WINTERING BENEFICIAL INSECTS IN BIOCENOSES(CEP USM, 2023) Gladcaia, Alla; Nastas, Tudor; Zavatin, MariaPests, distributed on the Republic of Moldova territory, annually, depending on climatic conditions, can cause significant damage to agricultural crops, amounting to about 25-30% of the expected yield. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the effectiveness of nesting devices, located in various biotopes, for wintering and attracting entomophages. The most significant potential biological plant protection agents, belong to the orders Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera (parasites and predators). The percentage of lacewing species was determined - the species Chrysopa carnea (86,4%) was dominant. The main factors, influencing the number of entomophages, attracted to wintering with the help of nesting devices, were established types of filler materials and location height.Item EVALUAREA SOIURILOR DE PLANTE MEDICINALE ȘI AROMATICE REZILIENTE LA FACTORII STRESOGENI AI MEDIULUI, BOLI ȘI DĂUNĂTORI(CEP USM, 2023) Balmuș, Zinaida; Cotelea, Ludmila; Butnaraș, Violeta; Goncearuc, Maria; Botnarenco, P.The varieties of Salvia sclarea provides a production of 15.4– 19.5t/ha of inflorescences and guarantees the yield of 54.5–73.5 kg/ha of essential oil. The essential oil content of Lavandula angustifolia varieties in the dry years is higher than in the years with normal atmospheric depositions. The productivity of the lavender varieties is higher (7,4 -7,7 t/ha) of inflorescences and 155,2- 179,2 kg/ha of essential oil. We can conclude that the varieties are part of different groups of maturity, high production of raw material, high content of essential oil. They are resistant to frost, winter and drought.Item LINII DE PERSPECTIVĂ PENTRU OBȚINEREA SOIURILOR DE TOMATE CU REZISTENȚĂ SPORITĂ LA AGENȚII PATOGENI(CEP USM, 2023) Sîromeatnicov, Iulia; Cotenco, Eugenia; Paladi, DanaThe investigated researches were oriented towards studying the dynamics of development and evolution of diseases in tomato culture with the assessment of resistance comparative of plants to pathogens visualized in field conditions (Alternaria sp.; Stolbur disease mycoplasma and Tomato mosaic virus (TMV). The research results show us that the effects caused by the disease Alternaria sp., in tomato lines cultured by seedlings were contaminated with the percentage value of 68,7%, at the same time for the parental forms cultured by seeds this disease constituted maximum values of 89.1%. The difference between perspective lines and parental forms is 20.4%. The maximum size of the values obtained in parental forms exceeds by 21.6% the outlook lines for the Stolbur disease mycoplasma.Item APRECIEREA ACȚIUNII BIOPREPARATELOR ÎN COMBATEREA FĂINĂRII LA CULTURA DE MĂR(CEP USM, 2023) Pînzaru, Boris; Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Lungu, A.; Curiev, L.; Vaculin, GalinaThe agricultural systems used today still face losses caused by phytopathogenic agents, one of them is Podosphaera leucotricha which can cause 30- 50% losses. The world trend is to develop sustainable agricultural systems and replace chemical pesticides with biological pesticides. This paper presents the testing data of the biopreparation Rizoplan and Trichodermină-SC against powdery mildew of apple. They have been used both separately and in admixture. During the entire vegetation period they provided a high level control of powdery mildew of apple, over 70% and can be used as a means of protection, the best to use their mixture.