2. Articole
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Item Modeling of air treatment processes in energy-efficient systems for ensuring abiotic factors in entomoculture production(CEP USM, 2024) Pishchanska, Nonna; Belcenco, Vladimir; Podmazko, ОlexandrThe aim of the research is to develop methodological foundations for creating energy-efficient systems that ensure abiotic factors in adaptive technologies for cultivating uterine entomocultures. The relevance of the research lies in the need to create a mathematical description of the object to model air treatment processes in energy-efficient systems that ensure abiotic factors in adaptive technologies for cultivating uterine entomocultures. In this description, each state characteristic is presented as a function of input and control parameters, considering the objectively existing constraints on the range of changes in control parameters and process state characteristics. The task was to develop a mathematical model of an optimized air preparation system for the implementation of adaptive technologies.Item Influența portaltoaielor din grupa geneva asupra dezvoltării și fructificării pomilor de măr după primul an de plantare(CEP USM, 2024) Peșteanu, AnanieThe investigations were carried out in the apple plantation of "Viorix-Agro" Ltd., in the spring of 2022. The trees, planted at a distance of 3.5x0.8 m and trained after the crown vertical axis, were grafted on rootstocks M9, G11 and G41 for Gala Nikangie cultivar and on rootstock G11 for Fuji King Grofn variety. The results showed that in order to obtain early apple yields and to maintain a rational relationship between vegetative macrostructure and yield microstructure, as well as to prevent soil fatigue in replanted land, it is recommended to use the vegetative rootstocks G11 and G41 in association with the perspective varieties.Item Eficiența biologică a unor produse cu conținut de Clorantraniliprol 200 g/l, în combaterea dăunătorilor mărului(CEP USM, 2024) Panuța, Sergiu; Croitoru, Nichita; Tălmăciu, MihaiDuring the vegetation period, apple plantations are attacked by various species of insects, mites and other groups of pests. Within the technological links, the integrated protection measures of the apple have an important role against harmful organisms and especially pests. The most effective in combating apple pests is the insecticide Kodear Life, SC, with a consumption rate of 0.18 l/ha, which ensures a reduction of leaf attack by mining moths at the level of 92,37% and fruit attack by larvae of codling moth from 96.79 to 98.98%, tortricide moths – from 94,69 to 98,21%.Item Protecția integrată a florii-soarelui în agricultura convențională și ecologică în condiții de monocultură în anul 2023(CEP USM, 2024) Paladi, Ion; Voloșciuc, LeonidLipids being always used by humans as a sustainable source of energy, they have always been the basic source of calorie consumption. Vegetable oils and especially olive oils could not cover the market demand, being considered not for the lower class. Only from the second half of the 19th century, when the sunflower became cultivated in Europe, it became a source of vegetable oil accessible to all. The cheap alternative to olive oil, and the proof is the names of the first sunflower variety in Romania, "Măslinica". Inexhaustible source of oil and well-being especially of Eastern Europeans. If since ancient times the main export commodity of the Black Sea basin was wheat, today it is sunflower and wheat, satisfying the demand for vegetable oil generates another demand for organic vegetable oils, after we have satiated we want and healthy.Item Particularitățile protecției integrate a florii-soarelui în condiții de monocultură(CEP USM, 2024) Paladi, Ion; Voloșciuc, LeonidThe importance of the theme is determined by the value of the sunflower as a strategic oil plant. starting from the permanent expansion of the areas sown with sunflowers which reached 385 thousand ha, constituting 23.7% of the total agricultural areas sown. The double exceeding of the norms recommended by the specialists, the deterioration of the phytosanitary status of this culture is recorded. The seriousness of phytosanitary problems caused by the action of harmful organisms on the background of the worsening of the ecological situation determined by the application of pesticides, the need to develop ecologically harmless alternative means and the implementation of integrated plant protection systems becomes increasingly urgent.Item Impactul monoculturii asupra productivității florii-soarelui în zona de sud a Republicii Moldova(CEP USM, 2024) Paladi, IonThe climatic and economic circumstances that surround agriculture in the Republic of Moldova, impose drastic deviations on farmers and the non-compliance with some well-established postulates in good agricultural practices, such as non-compliance with crop rotation and the practice of monoculture. But the practice of sunflower monoculture leads to drastic decreases in the harvest and its quality. At least this statement is true for the southern part of the Republic of Moldova, where monoculture is practiced against the background of lack of moisture.Item Evaluarea componentului minor asupra atractivității feromonului sexual al viermelui prunelor(CEP USM, 2024) Musleh, Mohammed; Odobescu, Vasilisa; Erhan, Tatiana; Jalbă, SvetlanaIn this work, the effect of adding the minor component to the basic components of the sex pheromone of the plum fruit moth was evaluated in field trials in plum orchard. The addition of 75% of the minor component to the pheromonal composition increases the male capture of the plum fruit moth Grapholita funebrana Tr. by up to 25.8%, a result comparable to the one obtained the previously.Item Effect of some essential oils on Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (coleoptera: bruchidae) and Tetranychus urticae koch, (acari: tetranychidae) adults(CEP USM, 2024) Muntyan, Elena; Ciocarlan, Alexandru; Kulcitki, Veaceslav; Batco, Mihail; Aricu, Aculina; Lungu, Lidia; Blaja, Svetlana; Popescu, VioletaIn search of new and safe pesticides, the toxicity of volatile oils obtained from three plant species against Acanthoscelides obtectus and Tetranychus urticae adults was studied. The essential oils of peppermint (Mentha piperita L), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) showed higher toxicity on mites than on weevils. The peppermint and rosemary essential oils demonstrated efficacy against A. obtectus in both fumigant and acute contact toxicity tests. The peppermint and coriander essential oils had the most pronounced fumigant toxicity to mites, with LT50 of 2.5 and 3.7 h, respectively, at 5 μg/cm³ air and are the most promising sources of natural substances with acaricidal properties.Item Capturarea daunatorului polifag – gândacul păros (Epicometis hirta poda) prin aplicarea capcanelor colorate neadezive cu atractanți(CEP USM, 2024) Zubcu, Ion; Todiraș, VladimirThe paper presents the results of research aimed at establishing the effectiveness of non-adhesive colored traps and attractants for control of Epicometis hirta in the plum orchard. The respective evaluation studies were carried out during the year 2024, namely the II trimester. The assessment of the frequency of the attack, the intensity of the flight, the degree of attack and the determination of the biological effectiveness of the traps in combating the mentioned pests was carried out according to the classical methods specific to the applied technical-experimental field.Item Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis in combaterea larvelor gândacului din Colorado(CEP USM, 2024) Zavtoni, Pantelimon; Goncharuk, VioletaThe action of entomopathogenic bacteria in combination with FP-09 was determined in the fight against the larvae of the first and third instars of the Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in the second generation in field conditions on the "Marabel" variety potato crop, where the biological effectiveness of the variant Bacillus thuringiensis 108 + FP-09 constituted 76.6%. And the biological effectiveness of the entomopathogenic suspension of Bacillus thuringiensis in the control of first-third instar larvae in the variant with FP-09 in combating Leptinotarsa decemlineata larvae was 6.8%. On the potato lots where a solution of the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis, FP-09 was used, several entomophages were observed.