2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/13419
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Item Study of variability in productivity elements of winter triticale collection [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Leatamborg, Svetlana; Rotari, Silvia; Gore, AndreiArid conditions, which are increasingly common in the world, have a negative impact on the development of agricultural crops and pose a great threat to the implementation of potential plant productivity. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to evaluate collection variety samples for economically valuable traits and to select promising genotypes for use in the breeding process. This article presents the results of a study of 36 triticale variety samples of different geographical origins for the main economically valuable traits (plant height, main spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains, grain weight and 1000-grain weight). Analysis of the productivity elements of the studied samples revealed high variability in the number of grains and grain weight per spike, which makes it possible to select valuable genotypes. Promising samples have been identified based on individual productivity traits and their complex for targeted use in selection of parental pairs included in hybridization.Item Impact of non-optimal temperature and bioregulator on root and seedling vigour of corn [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Ivanova, Raisa; Lutcan, Elena; Vanicovici, Nicolai; Borovskaia, Ala; Elisovetcaia, DinaTake into account that the corn vigour has the strong correlated field emergence and yield, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the combined influence of non-optimal temperatures and a natural bioregulator on the vigour of corn root and seedling. The seeds of Porumbeni 455 corn hybrid pre-treated with natural bioregulator (JS) extracted from Juniperus sabina were subjected to treatment at 50°C (heat test) and at 10°C (cold test). The vigour of root and seedling was assessed after seed germination. Temperature above the optimum significantly affected both the vigour of root and the vigour of seedling, but temperature below the optimum only reduced the root vigour of the tested corn hybrid. The JS bioregulator contributed to an increase in root system vigour. Corn seeds pre-treated with JS had root vigour greater than untreated ones by 13.08 and 18.46%, respectively in the cold and heat test. The evaluation of factor impact showed that the temperature influenced both the root and seedling vigour more than the treatment with the bioregulator, and their combined effect significantly modified only the root vigour.Item Breeding of comon wheat (Triticum Aestivum) in the central part of RM [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Gore, Andrei; Leatamborg, Svetlana; Rotari, SilviaDuring 2023-24 year we have studied 920 lines of wheat in selection field and the best of them were sowed in control and competition field. The best of them Bijuteria Zîmbrenilor as productivity and quality have been transferred to the State Commission for Crops Variety Testing. This sort of wheat has a productivity potential of 8,4- 9,0 t/ha and is zoned in all 3 agricultural parts of the Republic Moldova since 2025. It had gotten the volume of bread 646 cm3 with porose crumb and smooth upper crust on the bread, better than M 5.Item Adaptation of beech plants from different provenances to natural growth conditions [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Elisovetcaia, Dina; Ivanova, Raisa; Popovschi, Ecaterina; Fedorenco, Elena; Brindza, JánThis study assessed the adaptive potential of Fagus sylvatica L. seedlings from various provenances under natural growth conditions in the Republic of Moldova. Between 2022 and 2024, seedlings of different ages and origins (Slovakia, Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine) were transplanted and monitored. Key indicators included adaptation rate, survival rate and annual growth. Seedlings from Slovak provenances (Nitra-19 and Rožňava-22) showed the highest initial transplant resistance, with survival rates of 96.15% and 97.00%, respectively. Plants from Ciorești-21 (Republic of Moldova) followed closely, demonstrating the highest survival rate (87.00%) one year after transplantation. Growth assessments showed that although Romanian seedlings (Humosu-20) were initially taller, those from Slovakia and Republic of Moldova surpassed them in growth after one year. Adaptation was influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors, seedling morphology, precipitation levels, and climatic similarity between the origin site and the planting location. These results highlight the importance of selecting suitable provenances sites for beech seed collection and conditions for successful conservation and restoration of beech forests.Item Induction of artificial mutations in Linum Usitatissimum L. by exposing seeds to different doses of X-rays [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Cuțitaru, Doina; Brindza, JánThe artificial induction of mutations represents an effective method for generating new sources of germplasm, which are essential in plant breeding. In the present study, induced mutagenesis was applied to flax by exposure to X-rays. As biological material, three flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes were selected: Kaufmann and Blaringhem (oilseed flax), and Belinka (fiber flax). Seeds were irradiated with X-rays at three doses: 500, 700, and 900 Gy, using the RS-2400-Q installation. The treatment led to a significant reduction in plant viability, especially for the Blaringhem and Belinka genotypes, which were completely eliminated within the first 24–33 days. In the case of the Kaufmann genotype, the survival rate at the 500 Gy dose was only 0.7%, also indicating high sensitivity to irradiation. However, plant mortality during various developmental stages was also influenced by environmental stress factors (hydrological drought, high temperatures). Analysis of the M₀ generation descendants revealed significant morphological changes compared to the control: increased number of branches, flowers, and fruits, but a pronounced reduction in seed mass and quality. The M₀ descendants exhibited an imbalance between vegetative and reproductive growth.Item Agronomical characteristics the breeding germplasm of chickpea [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Curshunji, DmitriInvestigation material comprised twenty(F5) and eight ten (F3) breeding germplasm of chickpea derived from 2 crosses ♀Alexandrite×♂Ichel and ♀Botna×♂Ichel respectively, as check was v. Botna. The objective of the study was evaluation and selection germplasm by yield and analysis 5 yield attributing characters: number seeds and seeds yield per plant, hundred seeds weight, plant height and full maturity. Method of breeding is "pedigree". By productivity were selected 10(F4) and 12(F5) progenies, of them B121, B144, B126, B130, B137, B143, B147 and A170, A181, A190 were evaluated as high yielded (116.1 – 124.2g/m2), which superior the check v. Botna (106.5g/m2). Analysis of traits revealed that no. of seeds and seeds yield per plant are principal in yield enhancing. Larger seeds germplasm coupled with taller plant for most progenies increases yield per plant. Most high yielded germplasm is middle-maturity. Strong relationship exhibited trait seeds yield per plant with plant height (r=0.855), hundred seeds weight (r=0.881) and with no. seeds per plant (r=0.891) in F4 and F6 generation, respectively.Item Research on the interaction peculiarities of common wheat with Fusarium Oxysporum isolates [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Cristea, Nicolae; Lupascu, GalinaThe purpose of the research was to establish the cluster organization of Fusarium oxysporum isolates, collected in different localities of the Republic of Moldova, the variability and heritability of wheat plant growth and development traits in interaction with the pathogen. Methods for isolating and identifying fungi, preparing culture filtrates, infecting plants, morphometric, and statistical data processing were applied. Treatment of common wheat grains with culture filtrates of 9 F. oxysporum isolates, demonstrated their different virulence, which allowed their successful classification into clusters with different pathogenic potential. Factorial analysis of the weight of plant genotype, F. oxysporum isolate and their interaction in the source of variation of growth characters demonstrated that the genotype recorded: 48 ... 63%, the isolate factor: 17 ... 23%, the genotype x isolate interaction – 11 ... 23%. Relatively high values were recorded for the heritability coefficient in the broad sense (0.53 ... 0.69) and genetic advantage (13.39 ... 24.74%) for growth and development traits in the interaction of common wheat with F. oxysporum isolates, which reveals the high opportunities for creating resistant wheat genotypes in limited terms.Item Evaluation of new hybrids of Salvia Sclarea L., with high essential oil content [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Cotelea, Ludmila; Balmuș, Zinaida; Butnaraș, VioletaThe importance of the species Salvia sclarea L., its multiple uses, have stimulated genetic and breeding work to create new hybrids with high essential oil content, resistant to drought, frost and wintering. The biological material used is 33 F2 hybrids, simple, triple, double, stepped, complex, in the first, and second year of vegetation. The evaluated hybrids are distinguished by high height, long, compact inflorescences, due to the large number of branches (40 – 52) of the first (12.6 – 17.8) and second (22.4 – 35.6) order of the inflorescence. Determination of the essential oil content has shown that 72.7% of the evaluated hybrids have accumulated an essential oil content greater than 1,000%. In the first year of vegetation, the oil content recorded values ranging from 0.924 – 1.992%, and in the second year, 0.745 – 1.761%. 8 F2 hybrids with very high essential oil content of 1.409–1.761% were selected. The simple hybrid [AP115-11 S4 x AP 112-11 S4]F2 was highlighted for this character, with 1.587% in the first year and 1.761% essential oil recalculated to dry matter, in the second year of vegetation.Item Storage potential of the eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.) collection accessions for ex situ conservation in a plant gene bank [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Corlateanu, Liudmila; Mihaila, Victoria; Ganea, Anatolie; Focsha, NinaTo determine the storage potential (SP) of samples from the eggplant collection in the gene bank's active collections, two tests were used: the accelerated seed aging test ( AA ) and the electrical conductivity test (EC). After conducting the AA test to the seeds, which was conducted at an elevated air temperature (45-47°C) and elevated humidity (90-100%), the morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of the seeds and seedlings were determined. Based on the set of parameters studied, the eggplant samples were divided into two groups: Group 1 - with high seed viability (genotypes Sucleischii, Varatic, Rada, Almaz, Acvamarin, Laura), Group 2 - with average seed viability (Magda, Belaia Lilia, Flower Goddess, Black Beauty genotypes). Determining the storage potential of seeds enables us to predict the storage life of eggplant collection samples in a plant gene bank during ex situ conservation, as well as to make recommendations on seed reproduction times.Item Screening of corn genotypes for salinity resistance [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Climenco, OxanaThe aim of the study was to evaluate salt resistance of corn lines and hybrids at early stages of plant growth and development, as well as at the level of haploid male gametophyte. Under stress conditions of chloride salinity, the variability of such traits as "seed germination", "seedling length", "rootlet length", "number of rootlets" was studied. Correlations and regressions of traits, effects of the factors "genotype", "salinity stress", as well as their interaction were assessed. As a result, reliable positive correlations of the studied traits of early growth and development under salt stress were established, and reliable effects of the "genotype" factor in the variability of traits at the diploid and haploid levels were determined. The hybrid combination with the maternal component L276xP165, as well as the lines P343, L1866, Mo17, Co125 turned out to be genotypes with increased salt resistance.