Repozitoriul Instituțional al Universității de Stat din Moldova (RI USM)

Institutional Repository of Moldova State University (IR MSU)

Repozitoriul Instituțional al Universității de Stat din Moldova reprezintă arhiva digitală cu acces deschis a rezultatelor cercetărilor științifice și științifico-didactice efectuate în cadrul universității. Conținutul arhivei este multidisciplinar și include lucrări din domeniile științelor exacte și socio-umanistice.
The Institutional Repository of the State University of Moldova is an open access digital archive of the results of scientific and scientific-didactic research carried out within the university. The archive's content is multidisciplinary and includes works from the fields of exact sciences, social sciences and humanities.

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Oil content of grapevine seeds of intra- and interspecific genotypes [Articol]
(University of Life Science “King Mihai I”Timisoara, 2025) Alexandrov, Eugeniu
As a result of processing grapevines, the secondary derived products obtained constitute about 20% of the total processed mass. Grapevine seeds contain 9-20% oil. These oily substances contribute to strengthening the activity of the human body, which demonstrates that they can serve as raw material for obtaining and using these seed oils. The present study aimed to determine the comparative amount of oil in grapevine seeds of intra- and interspecific origin genotypes with green-yellowish and blue-violet berries. The seeds subject to the study were extracted from the berries until the start of the must fermentation process, using the nuclear magnetic resonance method. Determining the oil content in grapevine seeds of intraspecific genotypes with yellow-green berries, it was found that they contain about 13.8 % oil (Fetesca regală) and 13.7% oil (Sauvigon), while seeds of interspecific genotypes with yellow-green berries contain about 13.45-14.46% oil (Alexandrina, Sarmis, etc.). Grapevine seeds of intraspecific genotypes with blue-violet berries contain 13.5% oil (Feteasca neagră) and 16.6% oil (Merlot), while seeds of interspecific genotypes with blue-violet berries contain 11% oil (Ametist) and 15.35% oil (Sor). The amount of oil in the seeds depends on the genotype, as well as the climatic conditions of grapevine cultivation. Analyzing the climatic conditions in the area where grapevine genotypes grow, an increase in air temperature was found in relation to the calculated annual norm of 3.23 0C. When growing grapes in an arid climate, the oil content in the seeds is higher than when growing grapes in an area with moderate temperatures.
Grapevine genotypes with potential for reducing the carbon footprint in the atmosphere and cultivation in a biological system [Articol]
(University of Life Science “King Mihai I”Timisoara, 2025) Alexandrov, Eugeniu
A healthy human society can only develop if there is an unpolluted environment and consumes high-quality food products. According to studies, it was found that the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere until the industrial revolution did not exceed the limit of 300 ppm, and in recent years it has reached the level of 430 ppm. Thus, climate disruption is a phenomenon in full swing, which will be much too fast for certain genotypes of plants and animals to be able to develop and adapt to the new conditions of the habitat. Based on the volume of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere, CO2 is the largest quantity, about 80%, and is usually produced because of anthropogenic activities. Based on greenhouse gas inventory calculations, it is found that land covered with vegetation (forests, agricultural land, etc.) has a decisive share in sequestering greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, about 70%. The agricultural sector is the main source of food security for humanity and is particularly sensitive to climate change. The share of the agricultural sector in total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions worldwide is approximately 13%, about 5-6 gigatons of CO2 per year. Considering the importance of the agricultural sector, it is necessary to take real actions to improve the situation, namely: - creating grapevine genotypes with an increased potential for capturing carbon from the atmosphere; - cultivating grapevine in a biological system; - reducing greenhouse gas emissions because of both direct and indirect grapevine cultivation. As a result of crossing the grapevine Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa D.C. with Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx. it was possible to obtain in the fourth-generation interspecific grapevine genotypes, such as: Ametist, Alexandrina etc. with resilience to climatic factors. Using the light saturation curve method for photosynthesis, it was found that the interspecific genotypes Ametist, Alexandrina etc. have a much greater potential for capturing carbon from the atmosphere compared to the intraspecific grapevine genotypes. At the same time, the interspecific genotypes Ametist, Alexandrina etc. allow cultivation in a biological system without the use of phytosanitary products for the prevention and control of diseases and pests.
Climate change a necessity on the process of improvement and cultivation of the grapevine [Articol]
(University of Life Science “King Mihai I”Timisoara, 2025) Alexandrov, Eugeniu
The grapevine genotypes created so far meet certain requirements and are highly appreciated. Intraspecific genotypes of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa D.C. have a high capacity for use, but at the same time do not ensure overcoming the genetic barrier in terms of changing climatic conditions. Performance and productivity depend on climatic conditions; genotype; cultivation technology. Analyzing the average annual temperature for the period 2002-2024, it was found that it is 10.8 0C, and in relation to the average annual temperature, the norm calculated on the territory of the Republic of Moldova, it demonstrated an increase of 1.33 0C. Taking into account the functionality of the taxonomic entities used in grapevine crossing techniques in relation to the climatic factors of the species: Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa D.C. (2n=38) and Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx. (2n=40) with reduced combinatorial capacity, interspecific genotypes of rhizogenic grapevine BC3 with valuable characters were obtained. Overcoming climate change can be achieved by creating grapevine genotypes with increased adaptability, as well as by rectifying the technological elements of cultivation. Changing climatic conditions requires revising the technological elements of grapevine cultivation, for example, the use of mulch from plant residues, which contributes to preserving moisture in the soil, prevents and stops soil erosion, improves soil biota, etc., as well as considerably reduces logistical costs in the cultivation process. The present study aims to highlight the interspecific adaptability created to climate change in grapevines.
The Brettanomyces bruxellensis Contamination of Wines: A Case Study of Moldovan Micro-Winery [Articol]
(MDPI, 2025) Mitina, Irina; Grajdieru, Cristina; Sturza, Rodica; Mitin, Valentin; Rubtov, Silvia; Balanuta, Anatol; Behta, Emilia; Inci, Fatih; Hacıosmanoglu, Nedim; Zgardan, Dan
Brettanomyces bruxellensis yeasts cause wine spoilage by producing volatile phenol compounds with specific off-odors. Assessing the propagation of this species is challenging, especially for micro-wineries. In this study, wines produced in a micro-winery from the grapes of different varieties collected from three PGI regions of Moldova over three years were studied for the presence and infection level of Brettanomyces spoilage yeasts, using traditional microbiological and molecular methods. The results of Brettanomyces infection monitoring in mature wines might speak in favor of the hypothesis that grape berries can be a potential source of B. bruxellensis in wine. The contamination levels of mature wines with respective species fluctuated in accordance with the year of grape cultivation, being the highest during the 2023 vintage. This study shows the potential of applying sequencing analysis for tracking the source of Brettanomyces contamination in wineries.
Molecular Detection of Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter pasteurianus at Different Stages of Wine Production [Articol]
(MDPI, 2025) Mitina, Irina; Grajdieru, Cristina; Sturza, Rodica; Mitin, Valentin; Rubtov, Silvia; Balanuta, Anatol; Behta, Emilia; Deaghileva, Angela; Inci, Fatih; Zgardan, Dan
Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter pasteurianus belong to acetic acid bacteria (AAB), associated with wine spoilage. The timely detection of AAB, thought essential for their control, is however challenging due to the difficulties of their isolation. Thus, it would be advantageous to detect them using molecular methods at all stages of winemaking and storage. In this paper, we analyzed wines, musts and grapes of 13 varieties grown in different regions with Protected Geographical Indication of the Republic of Moldova for the presence of AAB, Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter pasteurianus by real-time PCR and measured wine volatile acidity. Overall, the AAB content in the mature wine explained 33.7% of the variance in the volatile acidity of the mature wine, while the A. pasteurianus content in the mature wine alone explained 59.6% of the variability in the volatile acidity in the wine, and its content in the grapes, must and wine explained about 70% of the variance in the the volatile acidity. This makes A. pasteurianus a good candidate to be a potential predictor of wine volatile acidity.