Facultatea de Biologie și Geoştiinţe / Faculty of Biology and Geosciences
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/4
Browse
1021 results
Search Results
Item ANALIZA INFLUENȚEI COMPLEXULUI HIDROENERGETIC NISTREAN ASUPRA REGIMULUI HIDROLOGIC AL FL. NISTRU(CEP USM, 2024) Coronovschi, Alexandru; Prepeliță, Dinu; Isac, AlionaThe purpose of this paper is to study the influence of the Dnestrovsk and Dubăsari Hydropower Complex (HC) on the hydrological regime of the Dniester River. The researches were carried out by the method of comparing the hydrological regime (multiannual values of water flows and their temporary trend) of the Dniester river until and after the construction of the Dnestrovsk and Dubăsari HC for all characteristic periods. The research results demonstrate that the Dnestrovsk HC in complex/individually with the Dubăsari HC did not and do not have a negative impact on the trends in the formation of the hydrological regime of the Dniester river. It is necessary to change the data string that is currently used (1885-2022) with another data string (1956-present), because downstream of the HC we no longer have a completely natural data string. Taking into account the dangerous natural and anthropogenic hydrological situations that are formed on the Dniester River and the importance of the water supply of the Republic of Moldova, it is necessary to develop a strategic plan regarding the efficiency of the management of surface water resources, which would take into account the need to interconnect the resources of surface water of the Danube-Prut hydrographic basin with those of the Dniester hydrographic district. In this way, the risk that threatens the water supply of the Republic of Moldova would be greatly reduced.Item MODIFICĂRI ANTROPICE ALE SOLULUI LA MONUMENTUL ARHEOLOGIC „VALURILE LUI TRAIAN” DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024) Sochircă, Vitalie; Nagacevschi, TatianaThe anthropogenic factor, through the technogenic processes, can transform not only the substantial composition and morphological structure of soil profiles, but also the areas, geography and evolution of soils. The archaeological monument ,,Trajan’s Walls” in the Republic of Moldova presents a research object of both historical-cultural and pedological interest. The studies carried out elucidate that the soil in the ditch, the one in the wall and the one in the vicinity of the wall have the same origin according to the type of soil, physical and chemical parameters, and the soil profiles in the ditch and in the wall reflect the anthropic implication in a distant period of time. The research demonstrates that man can influence the modification of the “face” of the soil, under the geomorphological and morphological aspect of the soil profile, but he cannot change the origin of the soil and the paedogenetic processes.Item FUNCȚIILE SANO-ECOLOGICE ALE FRACȚIUNII LABILE A SUBSTANȚELOR ORGANICE DIN SOL: O ABORDARE CONCEPTUAL-TEORETICĂ(CEP USM, 2024) Jigău, Gheorghe; Dobrojan, Sergiu; Dobrojan, Galina; Plăcintă, Nina; Moşoi, Iurie; Turchin, Boris; Turchin, Boris; Gaberi, ValentinThrough the concept of ,,soil resources,” the ,,system of soil organic substances” was defined as the entirety of discrete particles of organic residues of biogenic origin, non-humic biomolecules, humic substances adsorbed and integrated into the mineral conglomerate (matrix) of the soil. The driving force of the functionality of the organic substances system is the labile fraction of organic substances, which represents a complex heterogeneous bioenergetic system consisting of organic dead matter and the living phase, exclusively determined by landscape conditions. The primary function of the labile fraction of organic substances within the organic substances system involves the continuous provision of bioorganic-mineral resources for its functioning within the soil ecosystem.Item CONȚINUTUL ORELOR DE CURS LA HIDROLOGIE, SPECIALITATEA GEOGRAFIE, MEDIU UNIVERSITAR(CEP USM, 2024) Jeleapov, AnaIn order to achieve bachelor (licentiate) degree in geography, the students have to gain knowledge in one of the main fields: hydrology. Present study represents an evaluation and comparison of themes discussed at the course Hydrology, specialty Geography, at the universities of the Republic of Moldova. It was identified that geographers are formed at three state universities: Moldova State University, “Ion Creanga” Pedagogical State University, “Alecu Russo” State University of Balti. Total number of Hydrology hours varies from 90 to 180, depending on university. Finalization of course is usually done by final examination. Number of credits varies from 3 to 5. Main themes discussed at classes of hydrology at all universities are: oceanology, potamology, limnology, hydrogeology, telmatology, glaciology. Considering that main water resources of the country are represented by rivers, the focus is on potamology with 27% of total hours, followed by oceanology with 20%, hydrogeology and limnology with 13% each, just a few hours are dedicated to telmatology and glaciology, about 6% each. It should be noted that the themes and number of hours of Hydrology from Moldova’s universities are in line with those studied at the course taught at the Romanian universities, specialty Geography (Ovidius University of Constanta, Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava).Item SĂNĂTATEA SOLULUI – CONDIȚIE IMPORTANTĂ PENTRU DĂINUIREA SĂNĂTĂȚII OMULUI(CEP USM, 2024) Frunze, NinaIn this work, soil health was assessed, using the relationship between phytopathogenic and suppressive micromycete species as integral indicators of the microbial response to long-term anthropogenic impact. The micromycete communities of the typical chernozem with different humus content of two pedoclimatic zones of the Republic of Moldova served as the object of study. The investigations were carried out by traditional microbiological methods of study. It has been established that in the soil of both ecological zones there is a large number of microscopic fungi, including phytopathogens and toxin formers in the structure of microbial communities. The comparative study of the share of suppressive and phytopathogenic micromycetes showed that their parallel coexistence is presented in different proportions with the obvious dominance of representatives of the genus Fusarium. The predominance of phytopathogenic and toxin-forming species in the structure of the microbial community indicates a state of deep stress in the soil microbiocenosis, an unhealthy development of the soil microflora during its long processing and a poor state of soil health as a whole.Item VALURILE DE CĂLDURĂ ÎN ULTIMELE DOUĂ DECENII ÎN SUDUL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024) Domenco, Rodion; Boian, IlieThe maximum temperatures in the warm period of the year register obvious upward trends. In the south of the Republic of Moldova, according to climate evolution scenarios, temperature is the main climatic element affected by climate change. To determine the duration, intensity and number of heat values, we used one of the methods often used in climatology – the percentile method. Thus, we found that the number of cases with maximum temperatures above 30°, 35° and 40°C recorded in recent years is higher than the multiannual average. The duration of heat waves has increased, the maximum values moving towards August, and the period of occurrence of hot periods has extended until September.Item EVALUAREA VARIABILITĂȚII CARACTERELOR RITIDOMULUI ÎN POPULAȚIILE STEJARULUI PUFOS (QUERCUS PUBESCENS WILLD.)(CEP USM, 2024) Cuza, PetruThis study evaluated the variability of bark characteristics in eight populations of downy oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) across the territory of the Republic of Moldova. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of variability of bark characteristics within populations to evaluate the specifics of their variation and spatial distribution, which are essential for the conservation of the gene pool and sustainable resource utilization. The study analyzed the following bark characteristics: length of bark crack segments, width of bark crack segments, depth of bark segments, length of bark plate segments, and width of bark plate segments. Within the investigated populations, these characteristics exhibited high and very high degrees of variability. Although significant variability was observed, the mean values of downy oak populations were relatively close for three of the characteristics analyzed. Statistically significant differences between populations were found only for the length of bark crack segments and the length of bark plate segments. The high and very high variability of characteristics within the studied populations demonstrates the polymorphism of downy oak in terms of bark traits, which can be useful in the appropriate management of forests in forestry practice.Item ROLUL SPAȚIILOR VERZI URBANE ÎN ADAPTAREA LA SCHIMBĂRILE GLOBALE DE MEDIU(CEP USM, 2024) Ciubuc, Natalia; Cocin, AlexandruThe role of urban green spaces in improving the quality of the urban environment and the cities adaptation to the climate changes was analyzed. An extensive bibliographic study was carried out, the contributions of green spaces in mitigating the effects of global environmental changes were evaluated, principles for the design of sustainable and resilient green spaces were highlighted and plant species capable of mitigating negative effects were recommended. As cities face the challenges of urbanization and climate change, investing in urban green spaces is becoming a strategic imperative. Cities that prioritize green infrastructure not only mitigate the adverse effects of global environmental change, but also promote resilient, vibrant and healthier urban environments for current and future generations.Item PARTICULARITĂȚILE CONDIȚIILOR AGROMETEOROLOGICE ALE PRIMĂVERII ANULUI 2024 ȘI IMPACTUL LOR ASUPRA FAZELOR DE DEZVOLTARE A PRINCIPALELOR CULTURI AGRICOLE(CEP USM, 2024) Boian, Ilie; Mîndru, GalinThe growth and development of the main agricultural crops in the Republic of Moldova are highly dependent on the agroclimatic conditions of the spring season. In this paper we aimed to identify the relationship between the agroclimatic conditions created in the spring of 2024 and the respective state of the main agricultural crops throughout the territory of the Republic of Moldova based on SHS data. The data used in the work were systematized, processed, interpreted graphically and cartographically, with the use of statistical programs - Statgraphics, Instat Plus and QGis, in accordance with the proposed objectives. A special role on agricultural crops in the spring season is played by meteorological and climatic risk phenomena. At the same time, we tried to highlight the peculiarities of the agroclimatic conditions in the spring of 2024 against the very diverse background of these conditions, which can be created in the spring season, in general. The analysis of the obtained results reveals that for the territory of the republic, the agroclimatic conditions in the spring season are favorable for the growth and development of the main agricultural crops. Knowing the agroclimatic conditions of the spring season is particularly informative for establishing the terms of cultivation and the date of manifestation of the ontogenetic phases, and less informative for forecasting the final harvest.Item НЕКОТОРЫЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИММУНИТЕТА У СПОРТСМЕНОВ(CEP USM, 2024) Дудник, Наталья; Дудник, ЕвгенийThe constant growth of sports achievements requires training loads of increasing volume and intensity, which makes it more difficult to individualize the training process, which can become excessive and contribute to the occurrence of various diseases when achieving maximum sports results. Considering the important role of the immune system in maintaining homeostasis mechanisms, the study of the immune status of athletes is relevant.