Institutul de Genetică, Fiziologie şi Protecţie a Plantelor
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Item Isodontia mexicana, a new invasive wasp species in the Republic of Moldova fauna(CEP USM, 2024) Gladcaia, AllaA new invasive wasp species, Isodontia mexicana (Hymenoptera) was reared from artificial shelters in 2024 on the territory of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova. We analyzed the biology, the history of the species’ distribution in Europe and the possibility of its use in plant protection. I. mexicana species came from Central America to Europe during the Second World War and did not change its ecological niche in the invaded area. The presence of a relatively hairy mesosome and frequent visitation of many flowering plants by I. mexicana, likely defines it as a powerful new pollinator. As the population of I. mexicana grows, a more likely effect may be that the wasp controls crop pests from the Orthoptera order. In this case, artificial refuges should be used in a manner that maximizes the emergence of healthy adult offspring of I. mexicana in agricultural areas.Item Estimarea proprietăților atractive a capcanelor feromonale și luminoase pentru monitorizarea sezonieră a speciei invazive Halyomorpha halys stal(CEP USM, 2024) Rusu, Iuliana; Zavatin, Maria; Nastas, Tudor; Nemerenco, Olesea; Gorban, VictorPloșnița marmorată Halyomorpha halys, este unul dintre cei mai dificil de controlat din cauza mobilității sale ridicate și a comportamentului său polifag, care îi permite să colonizeze în scurt timp noi teritorii. Monitorizarea eficientă a populațiilor acestui dăunător este o sarcină importantă pentru agronomi și specialiști în protecția mediului. Metoda de monitorizare cu capcane luminoase are atât avantaje: o gamă largă de atragere a insectelor, siguranță față de mediu, abordare integrată, cât și limitări legate de sensibilitatea la factori externi, cum ar fi iluminarea, condițiile meteorologice, caracteristicile fiziologice ale speciilor atrase etc. Astfel, din analiza datelor obținute rezultă că capcana luminoasă este mai puțin eficientă pentru monitorizarea sezonieră a ploșniței marmorate Halyomorpha halys, comparativ cu capcanele cu feromoni. În același timp, utilizarea capcanelor cu feromon de agregare, ca instrument de monitorizare pentru Halyomorpha halys, reprezintă o abordare alternativă promițătoare. Feromonii pot oferi o precizie ridicată în detectarea și atragerea insectelor, ceea ce le face potențial mai eficiente decât metodele tradiționale.Item Efectul stresului de temperatură negativă asupra mobilizării rezervelor din semințe pentru germinare și creșterea timpurie a plantulelor diferitor hibrizi de porumb(CEP USM, 2024) Cauș, MariaA fost studiat efectul stresului de temperatură negativă (STN) de -4°C cu durata de 16 ore aplicat semințelor a 14 hibrizi de porumb înainte de germinare asupra mobilizării și translocării substanțelor de rezervă din endospermul semințelor în germinare și creștere a plantulelor. S-a stabilit că STN a avut un impact semnificativ asupra ratei de masă a endospermului (RME) consumată în formarea unei unități de masă de rădăcină, epicotil și respirație, prin inhibarea mobilizării masei endospermului în procesele de germinare și creștere a plantulelor. În baza datelor obținute, în funcție de % RME utilizată în germinare și creștere au fost evidențiați hibrizi cu valorile RME: (I) ≈ 24%-27% ; (II) ≈ 15% - 17% și (III) ≈ 5%-8%) mai mică, față de valorile variantelor martor.Item Сезонный мониторинг инвазивного вида halyomorpha halys stal. на декоративных растениях в условиях Республики Молдова(CEP USM, 2024) Заватин, Мария; Русу, Юлиана; Настас, ТудорМраморный клоп Halyomorpha halys Stal является одним из наиболее агрессивных инвазивных видов насекомых, представляющих серьёзную угрозу для сельскохозяйственных культур и декоративных растений в Европе и Северной Америке. В последние 5 лет он активно распространяется и на территории Республики Молдова, нанося ущерб как сельскому хозяйству, так и декоративным насаждениям. В рамках данного исследования был проведён сезонный мониторинг Halyomorpha halys на декоративных растениях. Основное внимание уделялось визуальному осмотру растений, таких как сирень (Syringa spp.) и айлант (Ailanthus altissima Mill), которые являются потенциальными хозяевами для этого вида. Регулярные осмотры растений выявляли имаго, нимф и яйцекладки, а также отслеживалась динамика численности в течение вегетационного периода. На сирени в июне-июле преобладали имаго, а с августа по сентябрь, в период развития III поколения и созревания семян, наблюдалось увеличение численности нимф. На айланте в первой декаде августа преобладали имаго (до 12 особей на одну ветку), тогда как во второй и третьей декаде августа доминировали нимфы всех возрастов.Item Гифомицет lecanicillium lecanii для защиты растений от сосущих вредителей и фитопатогенов в условиях теплицы(CEP USM, 2024) Щербакова, ТатьянаГифомицет Lecanicillium lecanii CNMN-FE-03 (2Т20) проявляет высокую инсектицидную активность по отношению к бахчевой тле и акарицидную активность по отношению к обыкновенному паутинному клещу в условиях теплицы. Смертность бахчевой тли на 12-е сутки при концентрации рабочей суспензии 2×106 спор/ мл составила 87,1%, при концентрации 1×107 спор/мл – 91,1%. Акарицидная активность на 12-е сутки при концентрации рабочей суспензии 2×106 спор/мл составила 86,7%, при концентрации 1×107 спор/мл – 92,8%. Гифомицет проявляет фунгицидную активность к широкому спектру возбудителей грибных болезней растений. В двойной культуре с патогенами на агаровой питательной среде образуются стерильные зоны радиусом 5-16 мм. Штамм может быть использован для получения биопрепарата для защиты растений от сосущих вредителей и комплекса фитопатогенов в условиях теплицы.Item Studiul legăturilor trofice și voracitatea prădătorului Amphiareus obscuriceps (Popp.) pe gazde alternative(CEP USM, 2024) Iordosopol, Elena; Muntean, Elena; Batco, Mihai; Filimon, Valeriu; Maevschii, ValentinaThe paper presents the results of the study of the natural and laboratory trophic links of the invasive predatory bug species Amphiareus obscuriceps found in the trap belts intended to study the winter reserve of plum crop pests. The predator was offered eggs of different stages of embryonic development of whiteflies Aleyrodes proletella, A. singularis, obtained from the plum plantation; Acanthoscelides obtectus and Galleria mellonella eggs obtained under laboratory conditions. It was determined that the predator can suck in one day on average 40.2 eggs of G. mellonella, 26.1 eggs in the late stage of embryogenesis and 11.7 eggs of one day of A. singularis and 9.3 eggs of A. obtectus.Item Fenologia înfloririi plantelor melifere perene din Republica Moldova(CEP USM, 2024) Dragoman, Iurii; Caisîn, Larisa; Chisnicean, LiliaThis study addressed the issue of nectar scarcity during certain periods. A proposal was made to establish a melliferous conveyor composed of plant species with high economic and apicultural potential, each with different blooming periods. The study identified perennial melliferous plant species with the highest nectar productivity and selected those most frequently visited by bees. The blooming periods of these selected species were determined, and the factors influencing their blooming times were analyzed. Based on this data, a phenological calendar was developed, which can be used to predict the blooming periods of melliferous plants and plan activities in the apiary accordingly.Item Assessment of correlation and path analysis in collection’s genotypes of chickpea(CEP USM, 2024) Curshunji, DmitriTwenty three collection genotypes of chickpea were evaluated for 10 components of yield (3 phenological and 7 plant data) on grain yield per plant. Investigation was carried out on field of Institution in 2022-2023. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationship by characters: days taken to flowering and maturity, primary and secondary branches per plant and 100 grain weight with grain yield. Highly negative correlation with yield had component grain per pod. Path analysis revealed direct effect on yield following components: highest effect had character 100 grain weight (0.833) followed by pods per plant (0.562), days to flowering (0.362), primary branches per plant (0.192) and secondary branches per plant (0.074). Highest negative direct effect on yield had character grain per pod (-0.881) followed by grain per plant (-0.593), days taken to maturity (-0.106). Grain per plant was formed mainly on basis 6 components by indirect effects.Item Aprecierea materialului inițial de ameliorare de salvie la indicii cantitativi ai uleiului esenţial(CEP USM, 2024) Cotelea, Ludmila; Balmuş, Zinaida; Butnaraş, VioletaAs a result of the evaluation of the initial breeding material for the quantitative indices of the essential oil, it was demonstrated that 72.5% of the number of evaluated hybrids synthesized, accumulated more than 1.0% essential oil recalculated to the dry matter; 21.6% of these hybrids demonstrated high essential oil content – 1.4-2.7% (dry matter). Exceptional were 2 simple hybrids, (Cr.p. 99 S13 x AP 52-11 S3)F2 and (AP 49-11 S3 x NC 61-11 S3)F2 with 2.611 and 2.703%. The initial improvement material, with a high content of essential oil, will be used in the development of new varieties of hybrid origin.Item Storage potential of flax (Linum usitatissimum l.) samples - an indicator of seed longevity during ex situ conservation(CEP USM, 2024) Corlateanu, Liudmila; Мihaila, Victoria; Ganea, Anatolie; Сutitaru, DoinaThe article examines the effectiveness of the accelerated seed aging method for assessing the storage potential of flax samples for ex situ conservation in active genetic bank collections. The use of this method, which involves incubation of seeds at high temperature and humidity, allows the effects of unfavourable environmental factors to be adequately modelled and their influence on seed stability to be predicted. Various morphophysiological and biochemical parameters were used to determine the storage potential of seeds in order to predict their successful storage in the plant genome bank. Flax samples with high storage potential were identified. The data obtained indicate that the accelerated seed aging test allows the evaluation of differences in resistance between different varieties of important crop species.