2. Articole
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Item Abordări metodologice de sporire a diversităţii în soluţionarea subiectelor din genetica şi ameliorarea plantelor(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Andronic, LarisaThe classical methodological approaches proposed for solving the objectives of the sub-program „Genetic and biotechnological approaches to the agroecosystems management under climate change” are argued through the prism of the modern methods of inducing genetic variability. To study the functionality of species/genotypes in dependence of environmental conditions it is proposed multivalent genetic, biotechnological, physiological techniques, aimed to develop measures to ensure the sustainability of agrosystems in the conditions of unfavorable environmental factors fluctuation (water restrictions, high temperatures) of crops genotypes with economic interest (winter barley, common wheat, corn, sunflower, tomato, as well as perennials, such as plum and apple). In this order is proposed the methods of inducing genetic variability through physical mutagenesis (ionizing radiation), cellular biotechnologies (gametic selection, in vitro culture of embryos, anthers). The proposed strategies will allow to obtaining and selecting genotypes of autumn barley, common wheat, corn, sunflower with ecological plasticity to ensure the sustainability of agrosystems.Item Actinomicete acvatice cu potenţial de biocontrol al fungilor fitopatogeni(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Artiomov, Laurenția; Bolocan NistorFungal diseases of crops affect crop quantity and quality and have become a major impediment to the development of sustainable agriculture. The widespread use of synthetic fungicides leads to ecological problems, food contamination and serious damage to human health. Biocontrol of phytopathogens using actinomycetes is a less dangerous option. In this research we tested the antifungal activity of three actinomycetes strains from the genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora și Actinomadura from the water and silt of La Izvor lake All strains had a moderate power to inhibit the development of the fungi Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea, but practically did not affect the development of Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum.Item Acțiunea antifungică a trichodermei atrobrunneum asupra unor fungi fitopatogeni cultivată în prezența unor substanțe utilizate în calitate de stimulatori în mediul de cultivare(CEP USM, 2024) Țurcan, Olga; Sîrbu, Tamara; Moldovan, Cristina; Chiselița, Oleg; Chiselița, NataliaThe action of the cultivation medium and some substances used as stimulators on the productivity of the T. atrobrunneum CNMN FD 25 strain was studied. The obtained results allow us to summarize that of all the variations of media used for the cultivation of T. atrobrunneum, the M(Gl,Z) medium proved to be the most optimal, registering a productivity of 15 g/l. T. atrobrunneum cultivated on nutrient medium M (Gl, Z) has a strong antagonistic effect against phytopathogenic fungi: Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, the diameter of the inhibition zones varied from 20 to 32 mm in relation to strain grown on M (Gl) and M (Z) medium, supplemented with iron compounds and exometabolites of S. cerevisiae.Item ACTIVITATEA CATALAZEI, PEROXIDAZEI ȘI PEROXIDĂRII LIPIDELOR ÎN RĂDĂCINILE PORUMBULUI SUB INFLUENȚA ȘOCULUI TERMIC ȘI A PREPARATLUI REGLALG(CEP USM, 2023) Cauș, Maria; Dascaliuc, A.; Borozan, P.In recent years, due to the climate changes, the growth and development of corn is affected by heat stress, especially at an early stage of ontogeny. Influence of biostimulant Reglalg, used for seed pretreatment of maize hybrids Por. 310 and Por. 374 before exposure to heat shock (HS) at 50°C for 30 min, on catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PO), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) of root seedlings was studied. Compared to the Reglalg variants, root growth of control seedlings was more strongly affected by HS, since the activity levels of CAT, PO and MDA content in the roots were higher. This demonstrates the beneficial effects of Reglalg in increasing maize tolerance to HS.Item Activitatea respiratorie în nodozităţile unor soiuri de soia (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) pe fondal de deficit hidric(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Bîrsan, Ana; Iacubuță, Maria; Guțu, CostelActivitatea respiratorie a nodozităților și parametrii cantitativi de importanță fiziologică a unor soiuri de soia (numărul, biomasa proaspătă și uscată, conținutul de apă) au fost determinați la opt soiuri autohtone de Glycine max. S-a stabilit că menținerea activității respiratorii a rizobacteriilor din nodozități în condiții de deshidratare corelează pozitiv cu conținutul mai înalt de apă în celulele nodozităților, în timp ce intensitatea respirației în noduli depinde de activitatea rizobacteriilor și variază semnificativ și distinct la genotipurile cu productivitate și rezistență diferită la stresul hidric.Item ACTIVITY OF FS 2 IN FLAG LEAF AND DEPTH OF THE TILLERING NODE TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.(CEP USM, 2023) Platovschii, Nicolai; Zdioruk, Nina; Ralea, T.; Gore, A.With the help of BAS Reglalg, it possible to control the depth of the tillering node in the soil. It was found that the experimental variants had higher levels of PS2 flag leaf activity compared to the control variants. In the heading phase, the activity of PS-2 of the flag leaf is the highest. The use of Reglalg contributes to the preservation of PS-2 activity during the period of intensive aging of the leaf blade, this affects the duration of the accumulation of dry matter of seeds in the ear, delaying the death of the leaf by about 1-2 days.Item Activity of streptomyces Spp. from agriculture soils against phytopathogens(CEP USM, 2024) Burțeva, Svetlana; Birsa, Maxim; Sasanelli, NicolaAntimicrobial activity of Moldovian selected strains of streptomycetes revealed that the growth of test cultures was actively delayed by 11 Streptomyces strains. Strain Streptomyces sp. 9 caused the formation of zones of lacking growth in 6 out of the 11 phytopathogens tested. Metabolites of the strains Streptomyces spp. 10 and 33 completely suppressed Alternaria alternata growth, while Streptomyces spp. 10 and 17 – Botrytis cinerea, strain Streptomyces sp. 10 – Fusarium graminearum. Growth of Clavibacter michiganensis was completely suppressed by the metabolites of the strain Streptomyces sp. 145. Results confirm the prospective to continue the research in bio-pesticide usage.Item Adaptation of beech plants from different provenances to natural growth conditions [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Elisovetcaia, Dina; Ivanova, Raisa; Popovschi, Ecaterina; Fedorenco, Elena; Brindza, JánThis study assessed the adaptive potential of Fagus sylvatica L. seedlings from various provenances under natural growth conditions in the Republic of Moldova. Between 2022 and 2024, seedlings of different ages and origins (Slovakia, Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine) were transplanted and monitored. Key indicators included adaptation rate, survival rate and annual growth. Seedlings from Slovak provenances (Nitra-19 and Rožňava-22) showed the highest initial transplant resistance, with survival rates of 96.15% and 97.00%, respectively. Plants from Ciorești-21 (Republic of Moldova) followed closely, demonstrating the highest survival rate (87.00%) one year after transplantation. Growth assessments showed that although Romanian seedlings (Humosu-20) were initially taller, those from Slovakia and Republic of Moldova surpassed them in growth after one year. Adaptation was influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors, seedling morphology, precipitation levels, and climatic similarity between the origin site and the planting location. These results highlight the importance of selecting suitable provenances sites for beech seed collection and conditions for successful conservation and restoration of beech forests.Item Agronomical characteristics the breeding germplasm of chickpea [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Curshunji, DmitriInvestigation material comprised twenty(F5) and eight ten (F3) breeding germplasm of chickpea derived from 2 crosses ♀Alexandrite×♂Ichel and ♀Botna×♂Ichel respectively, as check was v. Botna. The objective of the study was evaluation and selection germplasm by yield and analysis 5 yield attributing characters: number seeds and seeds yield per plant, hundred seeds weight, plant height and full maturity. Method of breeding is "pedigree". By productivity were selected 10(F4) and 12(F5) progenies, of them B121, B144, B126, B130, B137, B143, B147 and A170, A181, A190 were evaluated as high yielded (116.1 – 124.2g/m2), which superior the check v. Botna (106.5g/m2). Analysis of traits revealed that no. of seeds and seeds yield per plant are principal in yield enhancing. Larger seeds germplasm coupled with taller plant for most progenies increases yield per plant. Most high yielded germplasm is middle-maturity. Strong relationship exhibited trait seeds yield per plant with plant height (r=0.855), hundred seeds weight (r=0.881) and with no. seeds per plant (r=0.891) in F4 and F6 generation, respectively.Item Antagonistic activity of bacterial isolates against fusarium pathogens(CEP USM, 2024) Bîrsa, Maxim; Balan, Ludmila; Bogdan-Golubi, Nina; Moldovan, CristinaActinobacteria and bacteria stored in NCNM were tested against F. oxysporum CNMN-FF-06 and F. solani CNMN-FF-07. In case of antagonistic activity against F. solani, results were much higher in comparison with F. oxysporum, ranged between 12.3 – 19.3 mm. The highest result of antifungal activity of bacteria against F. oxysporum was registered for the strain Bacillus velezensis CNMN-BB-16 (25.0 mm). For F. solani, the highest result was registered for the strain Micrococcus yunnanensis CNMN-BM-19 (33.0 mm). Results of the present research had shown that biocontrol agents can be used as an alternative for chemical pesticides utilized against phytopathogenic fungi.Item Antibacterial activity of some Bacillus strains in dependence on the culture medium [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Slanina, Valerina; Balan, LudmilaBiological control of plant pathogenic bacteria, which includes the use of antagonistic microorganisms, is an alternative method to the application of chemicals. Bacteria belonging to the Bacillus spp. have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic microorganisms due to the produced secondary metabolites. Thus, it is of particular interest to study and to identify new microorganisms, in particular Bacillus spp., possessing pronounced antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens that can be used as biotechnological alternatives for agriculture, with the production of biologically active preparations based on the microorganism strains or metabolites. From 12 strains of Bacillus spp. three strains, grown on liquid media, were selected and characterized by high antimicrobial activity against pathogenic plant bacteria, both bacterial suspension and cell-free supernatant showed. The selected strains can be proposed as potential bioactive antagonists against phytopathogens, which can be used to obtain bioactive preparations useful for agriculture in the field of plant protection and cell-free supernatant may have prospects for use in the medical field to obtain bioactive preparations due to the ability to produce various secondary metabolites such as antibiotics.Item Antifungal activity of lipid fractions of medicinal plants against Furasium isolates from infected garlic cloves [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Bobrova, Olena; Golosna, Lesia; Narozhnyi, Stanislav; Osetsky, Aleksandr; Zamecnik, JiriGarlic (Allium sativum L.) is widely cultivated for its culinary and medicinal value but is highly susceptible to fungal diseases, particularly those caused by Fusarium species. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of lipid fractions from seven medicinal plants against Fusarium isolates obtained from infected garlic cloves. The lipid fractions were added to PDA medium and fungal growth was monitored over nine days. The lipid fractions of Eucalyptus mellidora and Salvia officinalis significantly reduced mycelial growth of both isolates compared to the control, suggesting strong antifungal potential. Other oils exhibited moderate or low activity. These findings support the potential use of selected plant-derived lipid fractions as natural fungicides in garlic protection. Further research is needed to validate efficacy under field conditions.Item APLICAREA BACTERIILOR ENTOMOPATOGENE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS, VAR.THURINGIENSIS ȘI FP-09 CONTRA LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA LA CULTURA CARTOFULUI(CEP USM, 2024) Zavtoni, Pantelimon; Voloşciuc, Leonid; Stîngaci, AureliaData were obtained on the application of the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis in synergy with FP-09 for the control of Colorado potato beetle on the potato variety Marabel. The action of entomopathogenic bacteria in combination with FP-09 was determined in the control of Colorado potato beetle larvae stages I and III of the second generation Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) under field conditions on potato crop of the variety «Marabel», where the average biological efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis 108+ FP-09 was 75.9%. The first and third instar larvae control action was determined with FP-09, where the biological efficacy in controlling larvae of Leptinotarsa decemlineata was on average 37.8%.Item Aplicarea insecticidului star 200 SP împotriva dăunătorilor caisului(CEP USM, 2024) Dumitraș, Iurie; Magher, Mihail; Cojoharenco, ValeriuThe results obtained after testing demonstrate that the Star 200 SP insecticide can be used 1-2 times during the growing season with a consumption rate of 0,3-0,4 kg/ha in rotacion with the vegetation period with rotation with other preparation against apricot pests.Item Aplicarea preparatelor ecologice inofensive contra Podosphaera leucotricha la măr(CEP USM, 2024) Curiev, Loredana; Pînzaru, BorisThe powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) can induce more than 60-80% damages of apple trees. Harmless organic preparations are proposed for reducing losses caused by the pathogen on apple fruits. The study of the microbiological products biological efficacy in the powdery mildew control were carried out on apple variety Renet Simirenco. The biological efficacy of 10.0 l/ha Rizoplan + Trichodermin-SC in the control of P. leucotricha consisted 77.1% and 80.8% after the first and the second evidence, respectively.Item Approach to assessing the state of plant biological systems by entropy(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Ivanova, Raisa; Tatarov, Pavel; Brindza, JanThis work reviewed the dynamics of changes in the state of walnut fruits (Juglans regia L.) and American pokeweed berries (Phytolacca americana L.) from the point of view of the thermodynamic laws of biological systems. The development of fruits/berries, accompanied by the exchange of substances and energy with the external environment, and the principles of changes in the entropy of biological systems throughout the entire life cycle are presented. An increase or decrease in the rate of change in the entropy of some system is associated with its transition to the next stage of the life cycle or the beginning of a new cycle.Item APRECIEREA ACȚIUNII BIOPREPARATELOR ÎN COMBATEREA FĂINĂRII LA CULTURA DE MĂR(CEP USM, 2023) Pînzaru, Boris; Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Lungu, A.; Curiev, L.; Vaculin, GalinaThe agricultural systems used today still face losses caused by phytopathogenic agents, one of them is Podosphaera leucotricha which can cause 30- 50% losses. The world trend is to develop sustainable agricultural systems and replace chemical pesticides with biological pesticides. This paper presents the testing data of the biopreparation Rizoplan and Trichodermină-SC against powdery mildew of apple. They have been used both separately and in admixture. During the entire vegetation period they provided a high level control of powdery mildew of apple, over 70% and can be used as a means of protection, the best to use their mixture.Item Aprecierea materialului inițial de ameliorare de salvie la indicii cantitativi ai uleiului esenţial(CEP USM, 2024) Cotelea, Ludmila; Balmuş, Zinaida; Butnaraş, VioletaAs a result of the evaluation of the initial breeding material for the quantitative indices of the essential oil, it was demonstrated that 72.5% of the number of evaluated hybrids synthesized, accumulated more than 1.0% essential oil recalculated to the dry matter; 21.6% of these hybrids demonstrated high essential oil content – 1.4-2.7% (dry matter). Exceptional were 2 simple hybrids, (Cr.p. 99 S13 x AP 52-11 S3)F2 and (AP 49-11 S3 x NC 61-11 S3)F2 with 2.611 and 2.703%. The initial improvement material, with a high content of essential oil, will be used in the development of new varieties of hybrid origin.Item Aquatic basins – natural source of fungi with antifungal potential [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Sîrbu, Tamara; Moldovan, CristinaThe study of aquatic fungi is an area of major interest in microbiology, due to their essential ecological role and valuable biotechnological potential. In this context, the purpose of the paper was to test 71 strains of aquatic micromycetes isolated from the water basins of Chisinau municipality, in order to evaluate their antifungal activity against phytopathogens of agricultural importance. The results showed that over 80% of the analysed strains showed high antifungal activity, the most effective being against Fusarium solani (93%) and Botrytis cinerea (85.9%). The Trichoderma genus was shown to have remarkable antifungal potential, with inhibition areas ranging from 16 to 40 mm. Following the tests, two strains - T. atrobruneum CNMN FD 25 and T. longibrachiatum CNMN FD 27 - were selected to obtain biopreparations, which demonstrated increased efficiency in inhibiting the development of phytopathogenic fungi.Item Ariabilitatea productivităţii la somaclonele SC1-SC2 de triticale obţinute prin cultura in vitro şi iradierii cu raze gama(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Ciobanu, RenataAs a result of research on the influence of in vitro culture and gamma radiation on the expression of traits such as the number of grains per ear, grain weight, and the mass of 1000 grains, significant variation in the values of the coefficient of variation was observed in somaclones from three generations of triticale. Both in vitro culture and radiation caused changes in the coefficient of variation of quantitative traits in the studied genotypes, compared to the control. Maximum effect is induced by gamma radiation in the first generation (SC1) for all traits, with a substantial decrease in the third generation (SC3). The factors studied represent a significant source of variation, with the influence being intensified by the specific characteristics of the genotype.