2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/13419
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Item Abordări metodologice de sporire a diversităţii în soluţionarea subiectelor din genetica şi ameliorarea plantelor(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Andronic, LarisaThe classical methodological approaches proposed for solving the objectives of the sub-program „Genetic and biotechnological approaches to the agroecosystems management under climate change” are argued through the prism of the modern methods of inducing genetic variability. To study the functionality of species/genotypes in dependence of environmental conditions it is proposed multivalent genetic, biotechnological, physiological techniques, aimed to develop measures to ensure the sustainability of agrosystems in the conditions of unfavorable environmental factors fluctuation (water restrictions, high temperatures) of crops genotypes with economic interest (winter barley, common wheat, corn, sunflower, tomato, as well as perennials, such as plum and apple). In this order is proposed the methods of inducing genetic variability through physical mutagenesis (ionizing radiation), cellular biotechnologies (gametic selection, in vitro culture of embryos, anthers). The proposed strategies will allow to obtaining and selecting genotypes of autumn barley, common wheat, corn, sunflower with ecological plasticity to ensure the sustainability of agrosystems.Item Actinomicete acvatice cu potenţial de biocontrol al fungilor fitopatogeni(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Artiomov, Laurenția; Bolocan NistorFungal diseases of crops affect crop quantity and quality and have become a major impediment to the development of sustainable agriculture. The widespread use of synthetic fungicides leads to ecological problems, food contamination and serious damage to human health. Biocontrol of phytopathogens using actinomycetes is a less dangerous option. In this research we tested the antifungal activity of three actinomycetes strains from the genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora și Actinomadura from the water and silt of La Izvor lake All strains had a moderate power to inhibit the development of the fungi Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea, but practically did not affect the development of Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum.Item Acțiunea antifungică a trichodermei atrobrunneum asupra unor fungi fitopatogeni cultivată în prezența unor substanțe utilizate în calitate de stimulatori în mediul de cultivare(CEP USM, 2024) Țurcan, Olga; Sîrbu, Tamara; Moldovan, Cristina; Chiselița, Oleg; Chiselița, NataliaThe action of the cultivation medium and some substances used as stimulators on the productivity of the T. atrobrunneum CNMN FD 25 strain was studied. The obtained results allow us to summarize that of all the variations of media used for the cultivation of T. atrobrunneum, the M(Gl,Z) medium proved to be the most optimal, registering a productivity of 15 g/l. T. atrobrunneum cultivated on nutrient medium M (Gl, Z) has a strong antagonistic effect against phytopathogenic fungi: Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, the diameter of the inhibition zones varied from 20 to 32 mm in relation to strain grown on M (Gl) and M (Z) medium, supplemented with iron compounds and exometabolites of S. cerevisiae.Item ACTIVITATEA CATALAZEI, PEROXIDAZEI ȘI PEROXIDĂRII LIPIDELOR ÎN RĂDĂCINILE PORUMBULUI SUB INFLUENȚA ȘOCULUI TERMIC ȘI A PREPARATLUI REGLALG(CEP USM, 2023) Cauș, Maria; Dascaliuc, A.; Borozan, P.In recent years, due to the climate changes, the growth and development of corn is affected by heat stress, especially at an early stage of ontogeny. Influence of biostimulant Reglalg, used for seed pretreatment of maize hybrids Por. 310 and Por. 374 before exposure to heat shock (HS) at 50°C for 30 min, on catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PO), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) of root seedlings was studied. Compared to the Reglalg variants, root growth of control seedlings was more strongly affected by HS, since the activity levels of CAT, PO and MDA content in the roots were higher. This demonstrates the beneficial effects of Reglalg in increasing maize tolerance to HS.Item Activitatea respiratorie în nodozităţile unor soiuri de soia (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) pe fondal de deficit hidric(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Bîrsan, Ana; Iacubuță, Maria; Guțu, CostelActivitatea respiratorie a nodozităților și parametrii cantitativi de importanță fiziologică a unor soiuri de soia (numărul, biomasa proaspătă și uscată, conținutul de apă) au fost determinați la opt soiuri autohtone de Glycine max. S-a stabilit că menținerea activității respiratorii a rizobacteriilor din nodozități în condiții de deshidratare corelează pozitiv cu conținutul mai înalt de apă în celulele nodozităților, în timp ce intensitatea respirației în noduli depinde de activitatea rizobacteriilor și variază semnificativ și distinct la genotipurile cu productivitate și rezistență diferită la stresul hidric.Item ACTIVITY OF FS 2 IN FLAG LEAF AND DEPTH OF THE TILLERING NODE TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.(CEP USM, 2023) Platovschii, Nicolai; Zdioruk, Nina; Ralea, T.; Gore, A.With the help of BAS Reglalg, it possible to control the depth of the tillering node in the soil. It was found that the experimental variants had higher levels of PS2 flag leaf activity compared to the control variants. In the heading phase, the activity of PS-2 of the flag leaf is the highest. The use of Reglalg contributes to the preservation of PS-2 activity during the period of intensive aging of the leaf blade, this affects the duration of the accumulation of dry matter of seeds in the ear, delaying the death of the leaf by about 1-2 days.Item Activity of streptomyces Spp. from agriculture soils against phytopathogens(CEP USM, 2024) Burțeva, Svetlana; Birsa, Maxim; Sasanelli, NicolaAntimicrobial activity of Moldovian selected strains of streptomycetes revealed that the growth of test cultures was actively delayed by 11 Streptomyces strains. Strain Streptomyces sp. 9 caused the formation of zones of lacking growth in 6 out of the 11 phytopathogens tested. Metabolites of the strains Streptomyces spp. 10 and 33 completely suppressed Alternaria alternata growth, while Streptomyces spp. 10 and 17 – Botrytis cinerea, strain Streptomyces sp. 10 – Fusarium graminearum. Growth of Clavibacter michiganensis was completely suppressed by the metabolites of the strain Streptomyces sp. 145. Results confirm the prospective to continue the research in bio-pesticide usage.Item Antagonistic activity of bacterial isolates against fusarium pathogens(CEP USM, 2024) Bîrsa, Maxim; Balan, Ludmila; Bogdan-Golubi, Nina; Moldovan, CristinaActinobacteria and bacteria stored in NCNM were tested against F. oxysporum CNMN-FF-06 and F. solani CNMN-FF-07. In case of antagonistic activity against F. solani, results were much higher in comparison with F. oxysporum, ranged between 12.3 – 19.3 mm. The highest result of antifungal activity of bacteria against F. oxysporum was registered for the strain Bacillus velezensis CNMN-BB-16 (25.0 mm). For F. solani, the highest result was registered for the strain Micrococcus yunnanensis CNMN-BM-19 (33.0 mm). Results of the present research had shown that biocontrol agents can be used as an alternative for chemical pesticides utilized against phytopathogenic fungi.Item APLICAREA BACTERIILOR ENTOMOPATOGENE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS, VAR.THURINGIENSIS ȘI FP-09 CONTRA LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA LA CULTURA CARTOFULUI(CEP USM, 2024) Zavtoni, Pantelimon; Voloşciuc, Leonid; Stîngaci, AureliaData were obtained on the application of the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis in synergy with FP-09 for the control of Colorado potato beetle on the potato variety Marabel. The action of entomopathogenic bacteria in combination with FP-09 was determined in the control of Colorado potato beetle larvae stages I and III of the second generation Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) under field conditions on potato crop of the variety «Marabel», where the average biological efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis 108+ FP-09 was 75.9%. The first and third instar larvae control action was determined with FP-09, where the biological efficacy in controlling larvae of Leptinotarsa decemlineata was on average 37.8%.Item Aplicarea insecticidului star 200 SP împotriva dăunătorilor caisului(CEP USM, 2024) Dumitraș, Iurie; Magher, Mihail; Cojoharenco, ValeriuThe results obtained after testing demonstrate that the Star 200 SP insecticide can be used 1-2 times during the growing season with a consumption rate of 0,3-0,4 kg/ha in rotacion with the vegetation period with rotation with other preparation against apricot pests.Item Aplicarea preparatelor ecologice inofensive contra Podosphaera leucotricha la măr(CEP USM, 2024) Curiev, Loredana; Pînzaru, BorisThe powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) can induce more than 60-80% damages of apple trees. Harmless organic preparations are proposed for reducing losses caused by the pathogen on apple fruits. The study of the microbiological products biological efficacy in the powdery mildew control were carried out on apple variety Renet Simirenco. The biological efficacy of 10.0 l/ha Rizoplan + Trichodermin-SC in the control of P. leucotricha consisted 77.1% and 80.8% after the first and the second evidence, respectively.Item Approach to assessing the state of plant biological systems by entropy(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Ivanova, Raisa; Tatarov, Pavel; Brindza, JanThis work reviewed the dynamics of changes in the state of walnut fruits (Juglans regia L.) and American pokeweed berries (Phytolacca americana L.) from the point of view of the thermodynamic laws of biological systems. The development of fruits/berries, accompanied by the exchange of substances and energy with the external environment, and the principles of changes in the entropy of biological systems throughout the entire life cycle are presented. An increase or decrease in the rate of change in the entropy of some system is associated with its transition to the next stage of the life cycle or the beginning of a new cycle.Item APRECIEREA ACȚIUNII BIOPREPARATELOR ÎN COMBATEREA FĂINĂRII LA CULTURA DE MĂR(CEP USM, 2023) Pînzaru, Boris; Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Lungu, A.; Curiev, L.; Vaculin, GalinaThe agricultural systems used today still face losses caused by phytopathogenic agents, one of them is Podosphaera leucotricha which can cause 30- 50% losses. The world trend is to develop sustainable agricultural systems and replace chemical pesticides with biological pesticides. This paper presents the testing data of the biopreparation Rizoplan and Trichodermină-SC against powdery mildew of apple. They have been used both separately and in admixture. During the entire vegetation period they provided a high level control of powdery mildew of apple, over 70% and can be used as a means of protection, the best to use their mixture.Item Ariabilitatea productivităţii la somaclonele SC1-SC2 de triticale obţinute prin cultura in vitro şi iradierii cu raze gama(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Ciobanu, RenataAs a result of research on the influence of in vitro culture and gamma radiation on the expression of traits such as the number of grains per ear, grain weight, and the mass of 1000 grains, significant variation in the values of the coefficient of variation was observed in somaclones from three generations of triticale. Both in vitro culture and radiation caused changes in the coefficient of variation of quantitative traits in the studied genotypes, compared to the control. Maximum effect is induced by gamma radiation in the first generation (SC1) for all traits, with a substantial decrease in the third generation (SC3). The factors studied represent a significant source of variation, with the influence being intensified by the specific characteristics of the genotype.Item Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis in combaterea larvelor gândacului din Colorado(CEP USM, 2024) Zavtoni, Pantelimon; Goncharuk, VioletaThe action of entomopathogenic bacteria in combination with FP-09 was determined in the fight against the larvae of the first and third instars of the Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in the second generation in field conditions on the "Marabel" variety potato crop, where the biological effectiveness of the variant Bacillus thuringiensis 108 + FP-09 constituted 76.6%. And the biological effectiveness of the entomopathogenic suspension of Bacillus thuringiensis in the control of first-third instar larvae in the variant with FP-09 in combating Leptinotarsa decemlineata larvae was 6.8%. On the potato lots where a solution of the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis, FP-09 was used, several entomophages were observed.Item BACTERIOPHAGES IN THE QUINCE TREES PROTECTION AGAINST THE FIRE BLIGHT DISEASE(CEP USM, 2023) Samoilova, AnnaThe system “bacteria Erwinia amylovora — bacteriophages Erwinia amylovora” has been investigated in the quince shoots under the controlled temperature and humidity and the absence of the most inhabitants of the orchard microbiocenosis; in the quince plants under the partially controlled conditions of the experimental plot and in the commercial quince orchard under the pressure of the biotic and abiotic stressors. In all three investigated environments E. amylovora bacteriophages, used in the experiments, demonstrated ability to suppress the fire blight pathogen bacterium Erwinia amylovora growth in the quince plants tissues.Item BAZE DE DATE TAXONOMICE INTERNATIONALE UTILIZATE ÎN CONSERVAREA RESURSELOR GENETICE VEGETALE(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Romanciuc, GabrielaTaxonomy plays an essential role for plant genetic resources conservation. Correct botanical identity of a taxon is important for its utilization in genebank, in research programmes and the wrong of taxonomic identity of a plant specimen may conduct to incorrect results and confusion. This can occur due to differences in synonyms, variation in the cited names, spelling mistakes, and differences in the taxonomic classification. In this case it is recommend to use various database in order to conduct research in plant taxonomy. Nowadays, there are many dataset that provide this kind of information such as International Plant Names Index (IPNI), World Flora Online, Catalogue of Life, GRIN-Global Taxonomy etc. One of the goals of these taxonomic database is to provide easy access to various relevant resources, which are indispensable for taxonomic research and conservation activities of plant genetic resources. In this paper, the areas of plant genetic resources conservation and use where taxonomic issues have a significant impact are discussed.Item Beneficiile fenomenelor sinergice în protecția plantelor cu aplicarea preparatelor biologice(CEP USM, 2024) Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Stîngaci, Aurelia; Pînzaru, Boris; Samoilova, Anna; Harciuc, Oleg; Zavtoni, Pantelimon; Lungu, Andrei; Crucean, Ștefan; Curiev, Loredana; Chistol, MarelaThe biological protection of plants through various ecological approaches, the significant diversity of the means used (entomophagous organisms, biological preparations, biologically active substances) and their high biological and economic effectiveness, managed to attract substantial attention and gained a high degree of recognition both among the specialists of highly qualified, as well as agricultural producers, regardless of the form of ownership. The effectiveness of applied biological approaches and methods is also increased against the background of the increasing impact of pesticide media and the need to solve ecological problems. On the path to increasing economic efficiency, we have established the benefits of the simultaneous use of two or more biological means.Item Biological and agricultural characterization of introduced variety „Weiki” (Actinidia arguta planch) in Georgia(CEP USM, 2024) Bobokashvili, Zviad; Maglakelidze, Elene; Kvaliasvili, VazhaToday, the most important task of agricultural development, along with traditional crops, is to facilitate the introduction and testing of highly adaptive crops with a competitive advantage in the country, such as Kiwiberry. The article presents the first study of the biological and agricultural properties of the "Baby Kiwi" variety (Actinidia arguta Planch.) Weiki in Georgia. It evaluates the adaptability of Kiwi plants to the environmental and climatic conditions of Eastern Georgia. The research was carried out in a collection orchard located in one of the leading fruit-growing regions of Georgia, Shida (Inner) Kartli (village Jighaura, Saguramo, Mtskheta municipality), and belongs to the LEPL ScientificResearch Center of Agriculture (SRCA) from 2019 to 2023.Item Biological protection of plants: ontological approach(CEP USM, 2024) Chernova, IrinaThe article is devoted to the ontological analysis of the processes of production of entomophages for biological plant protection. Research methods – system analysis, approach based on ontologies. Known studies on the use of ontologies in agriculture are analyzed. Ontologies of technological processes of production of Aphidoletes aphidimyza and Chrysoperla carnea have been developed. The advantages of the proposed approach for biological protection of plants are given.