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    Victima infracţiunilor de amestec în înfăptuirea justiţiei şi în urmărirea penală (art. 303 CP RM)
    (CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Bragoi, Constantin
    In this article, we aim to analyze the characteristics of the victim of offenses provided for in Article 303 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. The content of the paper analyzes the issues encountered in the legal and criminal classification of the offenses listed in relation to the victim’s status. As a result of the analysis conducted, it is concluded that the victim of the offenses under Article 303 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova can be a judge within a national or international court (paragraph (1) of Article 303 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova), as well as a prosecutor, criminal investigator, or the stuff of international courts (paragraph (2) of Article 303 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova).
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    Analiza hotărârii CtEDO de constatare a încălcării art. 2 și 3 de către Republica Moldova prin aplicarea torturii, care a determinat moartea deținutului [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2024) Pozneacova, Veronica
    The application of torture represents a serious violation of human rights. The absolute prohibition of the application of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment is stipulated in universal and regional standards. The prohibition of the application of torture is regulated by art. 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. However, after the ratification of the European Convention of Human Rights by the Republic of Moldova on 12 September 1997, the application of torture to the persons in state custody remains one of the most frequently found violations of art. 3. So, the application of ill-treatment remains a systemic problem within criminal justice. In the study we analyze the decision on the case Cantanagiu vs. Republic of Moldova application no. 13013/11 of 15 February 2011 decision 24 March 2020, in which the European Court of human rights found violation by the Republic of Moldova of art. 3 by applying torture to the applicant and his brother, which led to the death of his brother and the non-investigation of the application of ill-treatment by the authorities. The importance of this decision is manifested in the finding of violation of art. 2 and 3 of the Convention by the application of torture, which caused death to the detainee. In this study, we analyze the conclusions of the High Court, the negative obligations of the state, determined by the provisions of art. 2 and 3 of the Convention, examine the positive obligations of the authorities, which are manifested in the efficient and effective investigation of the reported violations, as well as the analysis of the importance of this decision in the realization of the rights of victims of torture in the Republic of Moldova.
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    Violența în familie comisă în cyberspațiu [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2024) Reniță, Gheorghe
    This article starts from the premise that most crimes can be committed not only offline but also online. Thus, domestic violence can also be committed in cyberspace. Moreover, the concept of “cyberviolence” was outlined. This concept is found in several documents adopted under the auspices of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the European Union. More recently, the European Court of Human Rights has expressly emphasized that cyberviolence constitutes a form of domestic violence. It is about the cases of Buturugă v. România and Volodina v. Russia (no. 2). This article analyses the reasoning of the European Court of Human Rights. It is shown that cyberviolence against a family member generates a serious interference in the private life of the person, i.e., in the right guaranteed by art. 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and, respectively, of art. 28 of the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova. And the national authorities have a positive obligation to conduct an effective investigation. Such an investigation must lead to the identification of the perpetrator, his punishment and compensation to the victim.
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    Măsurile de protecție în privința victimelor violenței în familie prin prisma drepturilor omului - garanții și riscuri [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2024) Vasiliu, Liuba
    Domestic violence - means any intentional act or inaction, whether physical or verbal, physical, psychological, spiritual or economic abuse or the infliction of material or non-material harm, committed by a family member against other family members, including children, and against common or personal property. According to Article 3 of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, domestic violence means all acts of physical or psychological violence occurring within the family. Article 1, in conjunction with Article 3 CEDO, imposes a positive obligation on the State to ensure that individuals under their protection are protected against all forms of ill-treatment prohibited by Article 3 CEDO, even if such treatment has been committed by private persons.
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    Aspecte victimologice ale infracțiunilor cu caracter sexual. studii de caz și recomandări practice
    (CEP USM, 2024) Samoilenco, Victoria; Doboş, Georgiana
    Cunoașterea aspectelor victimologice ale infracțiunilor cu caracter sexual, anume a patternurilor sociale și psihocomportamentale este indispensabilă organizării eficiente a activității anticrimă pe palierul preventiv, mai ales dacă ne referim la prevenția victimologică a acestor infracțiuni. Dar la o asemenea cunoaștere nu se poate ajunge făcând abstracție de studierea cazurilor de victimizare concrete. Astfel de studii, foarte populare în lumea occientală, nu pot fi aplicate în România și Republica Moldova din cauza că intervin variații culturale semnificative, care fac și diferențe ce nu pot fi conciliate. În aceste condiții, se conturează necesitatea de a analiza situații concrete de victimizare pentru a obține generalizări teoretice potrivite pe care ulterior să le putem pune la dispoziție organelor de ocrotire a normelor de drept în sensul de a organiza mai eficient, prin metode diversificate, activitatea de securizare criminologică a cetățenilor prin prevenție și combatere. Din aceste considerente, am purces la un demers investigativ în care să identificăm unele aspecte victimologice ale infracțiunilor cu caracter sexual, anume analizând cazuri concrete și elaborând unele recomandări ameliorativ-preventive în legătură cu acestea.
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    Potențialul preventiv și reparatoriu al studiilor cu privire la relația victimă – agresor
    (CEP USM, 2023) Moraru, Victor; Samoilenco, Victoria
    Prezentul articol este o pledoarie pentru valorificarea studiilor victimologice, în special a studiilor ce vizează relația victimă-agresor. Cercetările în acest domeniu au scos în evidență 2 forme de devianță comportamentală diametral opuse: devianța agresorului, bazată pe comportament ofensiv, și devianța victimei, bazată pe receptarea ofensei. B. Mendelsohn utiliza o interesantă noțiune și anume potențial de receptivitate victimală. Îndată introdusă această noțiune în domeniul științei victimologice, agresorul nu mai era privit ca singurul element-cheie în sistemul cauzal al infracțiunii. Și victima era privită în acest fel deasemenea. Între timp au apărut și alte descoperiri legate de mecanismele comportamentale ale victimei și agresorului care sunt relevante pentru elucidarea tuturor aspectelor esențiale ale actului criminal, care în fapt, este și un act de victimizare. Rolul lor preventiv și reparatoriu nu a fost pe deplin explorat din acest motiv, vom argumenta necesitatea de a implementa rezultatele cercetărilor științifice în prevenirea crimelor și diminuarea consecințelor care rezultă după ce a fost săvârșită o crimă. Totodată, ne vom expune privitor la modalitățile prin care acest fapt se poate realiza.
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    Fenomenul violenței în familie. cauzalitatea și consecințele climatului familial violent [Articol]
    (2021) Cebotari, Olesea
    Violența în familie reprezintă o problemă socială gravă fiind considerată o formă de tortură din cauza caracteristicilor sale. Trăită ca o realitate, ea provoacă traume, trăită în imaginar, ea surpă ființa umană, făcând-o incapabilă de performanțele unei vieți normale, integrate în societate. Consecințele apar nu numai în plan individual, ci și social prin fracturarea relațiilor și prin erodarea solidarității și coeziunii sociale. Deci, putem afirma că violenţa domestică este o problemă stringentă care cere fără întârzieri soluţii şi o atenţie deosebită atât din partea societăţii cât şi a statului. Este foarte răspândită pe tot teritoriul ţării şi duce la un impact negativ asupra stării de sănătate a tuturor femeilor care sunt bătute de către partenerii lor. Nu putem să nu trecem şi peste faptul că violenţa duce la creşterea mortalităţii, cât şi a omorurilor sau chiar a cazurilor suicidale. Deci, violenţa în familie este un fenomen foarte alarmant ce se cere soluţionat rapid şi eficient.
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    Analiza hotărârilor CtEDO de constatare a încălcării de către Republica Moldova a Convenției în legătură cu protestele din aprilie 2009 [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2021-12-08) Pozneacova, Veronica; Zaharia, Victor
    On April 5, 2009, general elections were held in the Republic of Moldova. The announcement of their results generated a discontent among the population expressed through peaceful protests, which gradually turned into violent ones. The authorities applied force to the protesters, and the detained persons were subjected to inhuman, degrading treatment and torture. Among the deviations declared by the victims of these events are: unfounded and undocumented detentions, humiliation of persons, non-provision of medical assistance, violation of procedural rights, among which the prohibition to notify relatives, lawyer about detention, inhuman conditions of detention, torture and non-investigation of these violations by the authorities. To the date, the Republic of Moldova has been convicted for human rights’ violations during the events of April 2009 in 9 cases among them Muradu against the Republic of Moldova no. 26947/09, O. R. and L. R. against the Republic of Moldova no. 24129/11, Taraburca against the Republic of Moldova no. 18919/10, Iurcu against the Republic of Moldova no. 33759/10, Cucu and others against the Republic of Moldova no. 7753/13, 75188/13 and 76511/14, Buhaniuc against the Republic of Moldova no. 56074/10, D. against the Republica Moldova no. 25397/09. In 12 other cases the Republic of Moldova has pleaded guilty and obliged to pay compensation to the victims. Currently, in the process of judging of the Strasbourg High Court, there are other requests generated by the events of April 2009. In this study, there are analyzed the human rights’ violations generated by the authorities’ actions during the April protests noted by the ECtHR. The European Court started the violation of article 3 in aspects related to the application of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment, article 5 because of the unsubstantiated and undocumented mass detentions and the application of violence during the detention and article 13 because of the ineffectiveness of national remedies in cases related to torture. The analyze of this violation could prevent the subsequent violation of human rights in the hypothetical situation of a demonstration, which turns into mass disorder, as well as to prevent the convictions of the Republic of Moldova regarding the causes related to the events of April 2009. So, in this research we aimed to determine the ECtHR judgments according to winch the Republic of Moldova was con486 victed for the human rights’ violations during the events of April 2009, to analyze the common characteristic features for all these violations, to examine the statistical data on the age of the victims, the date and place of their detention, to establish the human rights violations, which have not yet been examined by the ECtHR. Despite the introduction of major modifications in the legislation regulating the limits of application of the force of collaborators of law enforcement bodies, article 3 of the ECHR that prohibits torture remains one of the most frequently violated by the authorities of the Republic of Moldova, which determines the necessity of analysis both the decisions of the European Court and the legislation in force.
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    Minorul – victimă a infracțiunii de proxenetism [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2022-09-30) Calmațui, Eduard
    In the present scientific research, we analyse the minor as victim of pimping crime. Among other things, it is stated that in the event that a person commits the action of determining a minor to practice prostitution, paragraph (1) art.208 Criminal Code RM „Attracting the minor to criminal activity or causing him to commit immoral acts” (with the specification that the subject of the crime has reached the age of 18) will be applicable, considering that the application of paragraph (1) art.208 Criminal Code RM is more favourable to the perpetrator, compared to the application of paragraph (1) art.220 Criminal Code RM. It is argued the necessity of differentiating criminal liability in the sense of aggravation in the case of pimping a minor. At the same time, the relevance of the minor victim's consent/non-consent to practice prostitution in qualifying the act as pimping is examined.
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    Conotații privind victima infracțiunii prevăzute la art.208 Cod penal al Republicii Moldova [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2022-09-30) Copeţchi, Stanislav
    In the present study is analyzed the victim of the crime provided in art.208 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. It is concluded that any minor can appear as a victim of the crime provided for in art.208 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, including the minor who has not reached the age of criminal liability. At the same time, it is shown that in the context of this crime, it is not necessary for the minor to understand the nature and degree of prejudice of his actions committed as a result of the psychological influence exerted by the adult, it being sufficient for the minor to understand the factual side of those committed. It is also demonstrated that the minor of a young age, as a rule, cannot appear as a victim of the stated crime.