The article is devoted to the study of the methodology of such a complex aesthetic, literary and cultural phenomenon as naturalism. The article examines the similarities and differences between the aesthetic principles and ideological foundations of classical realism and naturalism, characterizes various trends within the literature of naturalism, and clarifies its genre preferences. The article also examines national variants of literary naturalism and provides a typological description of this complex aesthetic and ideological phenomenon that influenced the development of literature throughout the 20th century and was reflected in the aesthetics of postmodernism.
