2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/13419
Browse
12 results
Search Results
Item Research on the interaction peculiarities of common wheat with Fusarium Oxysporum isolates [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Cristea, Nicolae; Lupascu, GalinaThe purpose of the research was to establish the cluster organization of Fusarium oxysporum isolates, collected in different localities of the Republic of Moldova, the variability and heritability of wheat plant growth and development traits in interaction with the pathogen. Methods for isolating and identifying fungi, preparing culture filtrates, infecting plants, morphometric, and statistical data processing were applied. Treatment of common wheat grains with culture filtrates of 9 F. oxysporum isolates, demonstrated their different virulence, which allowed their successful classification into clusters with different pathogenic potential. Factorial analysis of the weight of plant genotype, F. oxysporum isolate and their interaction in the source of variation of growth characters demonstrated that the genotype recorded: 48 ... 63%, the isolate factor: 17 ... 23%, the genotype x isolate interaction – 11 ... 23%. Relatively high values were recorded for the heritability coefficient in the broad sense (0.53 ... 0.69) and genetic advantage (13.39 ... 24.74%) for growth and development traits in the interaction of common wheat with F. oxysporum isolates, which reveals the high opportunities for creating resistant wheat genotypes in limited terms.Item Phytostimulatory potential of some bacteria for wheat and maize [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Todiras, Vasile; Corcimaru, Serghei; Slanina, Valerina; Balan, Ludmila; Prisacari, SvetlanaIncreasing plant productivity and improving crop quality in agriculture is one of the main tasks of the biological and agronomic sciences. Since wheat and maize are important for the Moldovan agriculture, our goal was to identify strains of microorganisms that could be beneficiary for these crops. Pseudomonas fluorescens CNMN-PsB-01 and P. fluorescens CNMN- PsB-02 were selected for their ability to stimulate wheat and maize by causing 10.8-22.6% and 9.2- 26.2% increases in plant root length and seedling dry mass respectively.Item Ranks and rank stability of wheat cultivars tested in national yield trials in Romania [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Marinciu, Cristina Mihaela; Șerban, Gabriela; Mandea, Vasile; Galit, Indira; Saulescu, NicolaeCultivars can play a key role in ensuring high wheat grain yields and reducing its variation under the increasing environmental variability. We used data on grain yield and coefficients of variation from sixty yield trials with Romanian winter wheat cultivars, conducted in four regions of the country, for four years (2021-2024) to analyze the ranks and rank variances of the tested cultivars. Despite the large variation of environments, we identified cultivars with better average ranks and with lower rank variances, which could contribute to higher and more stable yields in farms. Results are also useful for establishing priorities in breeding future cultivars.Item Influence of the Fusarium oxysporum fungus on the transgressive potential of growth traits of common wheat [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Lupascu, Galina; Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, SvetlanaThe purpose of the research was to establish the reaction of 7 parents, 4 pairs of F2 hybrids of common winter wheat, obtained based on 4 pairs of reciprocal F1 hybrids, and the transgressive potential of growth and development organs to the treatment of grains with Fusarium oxysporum culture filtrate. The pathogen was isolated from wheat plants with root rot symptoms and identified by macro- and microscopic methods. The culture filtrate (CF) was prepared on the basis of Cszapek liquid medium. After treating the grains for 18 hours with CF, the seedlings were cultivated for 6 days, after which morphometric analyses of growth characters were performed. Plant distribution histograms were analyzed according to variant and character. The degree (Tg), the frequency (Tf) of transgressions were calculated and the important role of the plant-pathogen interaction mode, the parental factor in the spectrum of phenotypic classes and transgressive manifestations in segregating populations were found.Item Rolul variabilității genetice în interacțiunea grâului cu Alternaria alternata(CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Galina; Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, SvetlanaThe article presents data on the reaction of 10 common winter wheat genotypes to culture filtrates of Alternaria alternata isolates. Through factorial analysis, the role of wheat genotype (42.2 ... 51.1%) in the source of variation in radicle length, stem length, seedling length was found. The A. alternata isolate factor presented a higher weight for germination (48.9%) and vigor index (49.0%). The association of the high level of the coefficient of heritability with the advanced genetic progress shows that in the control of growth and development characters additive factors are involved.Item Variabilitatea atacului bolilor foliare la forme de perspectivă de grâu comun(CEP USM, 2024) Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, Svetlana; Lupașcu, GalinaThe aim of the present research was to establish the attack characteristics of foliar diseases (septoriosis, brown rust, yellow rust, powdery mildew) in 25 prospective genotypes of common winter wheat in years with different climatic conditions (2023, 2024). It was found: i) the strong dependence of the disease of wheat plants on climatic factors (the intensity of yellow rust in 2023 and of powdery mildew in 2024); ii) significant variability in susceptibility of wheat populations / genotypes. Common winter wheat populations/lines with reduced complex disease susceptibility have been identified, that can be implemented in breeding programs.Item Physiological and biochemical responses of wheat to viruses and climate change(CEP USM, 2024) Molodchenkova, Olga; Dashchenko, Anna; Mishchenko, Lidiya; Lytvynenko, Mykola; Motsnyi, Ivan; Fanin, Yaroslav; Dunich, Alina; Tykhonov, Pavlo; Kotikov, VsevolodWe conducted monitoring for wheat viruses in Ukraine. We identified the presence of Wheat streak mosaic virus, Barley yellow dwarf virus and Wheat dwarf virus, all of which have a significant epidemic potential, leading to reduced crop yields and compromised quality. Additionally, we observed "cold peaks" due to a temperature drop of more than 18ºC, leading to stress symptoms such as leaf reddening and the development of chlorotic and yellowishbrown stripes. It was studied the wheat physiological-biochemical responses to viruses of several varieties according to parameters of ROS homeostasis, chlorophyll and saccharide levels and the activity of protective proteins.Item STUDII ALE VARIABILITĂȚII ȘI HERITABILITĂȚII CARACTERELOR DE PRODUCTIVITATE ȘI CALITATE LA GRÂUL COMUN(CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Galina; Gavzer, Svetlana; Cristea, Nicolae; Rudacova, Angela; Cherdivară, AlaThe article presents the results of the genetic-environmental control study of the productivity elements of the common autumn wheat spike (7 genotypes during the years 2020-2022). The objects of the work: i) recording the elements of productivity; ii) establishing the weight (%) of the year, genotype, year x genotype interaction factors of in the source of variability character; iii) calculation of genetic parameters of variability and heritability, heritability coefficient; iv) determination of the biochemical quality of wheat grains. Research methods: biometric, biochemical, mathematical, statistical. Results obtained - the particularities were established: i) variability, heritability, the factorial weight of the conditions of the year and the wheat genotype in the source of variation of the productivity elements of the spike; ii) heritability and genetic advance; iii) the content of proteins, wet gluten, dry gluten, carbohydrates in grains during the years of study.Item Phenotypic plasticity and plant resistance to abiotic stress(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Dascaliuc, Alexandru; Jelev, Natalia; Ralea, TudorThe phenotypic plasticity of cultivated plants exceeds that characteristic of spontaneous plants. Concerning this, the question arises as to why a commensurate level of genome volume did not accompany the high level of crop plant phenotype changes. More and more data are emerging, demonstrating that, due to the rapid activation of phylogenetic adaptation systems stored in the genome, phenotypic plasticity generates non-random adaptation changes. We present the results of assessing the resistance of plants to the action of extreme temperatures and the influence of the biostimulator Reglalg on the viability, resistance, plasticity, and productivity of wheat and pedunculated oak plants.Item BOLI FOLIARE LA GENITORII ȘI HIBRIZII F1 DE GRÂU COMUN DE TOAMNĂ(CEP USM, 2023) Lupașcu, Galina; Gavzer, Svetlana; Cristea, N.Foliar diseases attack common winter wheat throughout Europe, causing enormous economic damage to this crop. The parental forms and F1 hybrids of wheat under the conditions of the experimental field (2023 year) differed significantly based on the attack of foliar diseases, in particular, yellow rust and septoriosis, which made it possible to classify them into clusters with different degrees of similarity/difference of the tested forms. Most of the F1 hybrids of wheat registered a lower degree of attack of the mentioned diseases, forming a cluster separate from the parental forms, which offers chances to identify resistant forms in progeny populations.