2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/13419
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Item Variabilitatea atacului bolilor foliare la forme de perspectivă de grâu comun(CEP USM, 2024) Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, Svetlana; Lupașcu, GalinaThe aim of the present research was to establish the attack characteristics of foliar diseases (septoriosis, brown rust, yellow rust, powdery mildew) in 25 prospective genotypes of common winter wheat in years with different climatic conditions (2023, 2024). It was found: i) the strong dependence of the disease of wheat plants on climatic factors (the intensity of yellow rust in 2023 and of powdery mildew in 2024); ii) significant variability in susceptibility of wheat populations / genotypes. Common winter wheat populations/lines with reduced complex disease susceptibility have been identified, that can be implemented in breeding programs.Item Physiological and biochemical responses of wheat to viruses and climate change(CEP USM, 2024) Molodchenkova, Olga; Dashchenko, Anna; Mishchenko, Lidiya; Lytvynenko, Mykola; Motsnyi, Ivan; Fanin, Yaroslav; Dunich, Alina; Tykhonov, Pavlo; Kotikov, VsevolodWe conducted monitoring for wheat viruses in Ukraine. We identified the presence of Wheat streak mosaic virus, Barley yellow dwarf virus and Wheat dwarf virus, all of which have a significant epidemic potential, leading to reduced crop yields and compromised quality. Additionally, we observed "cold peaks" due to a temperature drop of more than 18ºC, leading to stress symptoms such as leaf reddening and the development of chlorotic and yellowishbrown stripes. It was studied the wheat physiological-biochemical responses to viruses of several varieties according to parameters of ROS homeostasis, chlorophyll and saccharide levels and the activity of protective proteins.Item STUDII ALE VARIABILITĂȚII ȘI HERITABILITĂȚII CARACTERELOR DE PRODUCTIVITATE ȘI CALITATE LA GRÂUL COMUN(CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Galina; Gavzer, Svetlana; Cristea, Nicolae; Rudacova, Angela; Cherdivară, AlaThe article presents the results of the genetic-environmental control study of the productivity elements of the common autumn wheat spike (7 genotypes during the years 2020-2022). The objects of the work: i) recording the elements of productivity; ii) establishing the weight (%) of the year, genotype, year x genotype interaction factors of in the source of variability character; iii) calculation of genetic parameters of variability and heritability, heritability coefficient; iv) determination of the biochemical quality of wheat grains. Research methods: biometric, biochemical, mathematical, statistical. Results obtained - the particularities were established: i) variability, heritability, the factorial weight of the conditions of the year and the wheat genotype in the source of variation of the productivity elements of the spike; ii) heritability and genetic advance; iii) the content of proteins, wet gluten, dry gluten, carbohydrates in grains during the years of study.Item Phenotypic plasticity and plant resistance to abiotic stress(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Dascaliuc, Alexandru; Jelev, Natalia; Ralea, TudorThe phenotypic plasticity of cultivated plants exceeds that characteristic of spontaneous plants. Concerning this, the question arises as to why a commensurate level of genome volume did not accompany the high level of crop plant phenotype changes. More and more data are emerging, demonstrating that, due to the rapid activation of phylogenetic adaptation systems stored in the genome, phenotypic plasticity generates non-random adaptation changes. We present the results of assessing the resistance of plants to the action of extreme temperatures and the influence of the biostimulator Reglalg on the viability, resistance, plasticity, and productivity of wheat and pedunculated oak plants.Item BOLI FOLIARE LA GENITORII ȘI HIBRIZII F1 DE GRÂU COMUN DE TOAMNĂ(CEP USM, 2023) Lupașcu, Galina; Gavzer, Svetlana; Cristea, N.Foliar diseases attack common winter wheat throughout Europe, causing enormous economic damage to this crop. The parental forms and F1 hybrids of wheat under the conditions of the experimental field (2023 year) differed significantly based on the attack of foliar diseases, in particular, yellow rust and septoriosis, which made it possible to classify them into clusters with different degrees of similarity/difference of the tested forms. Most of the F1 hybrids of wheat registered a lower degree of attack of the mentioned diseases, forming a cluster separate from the parental forms, which offers chances to identify resistant forms in progeny populations.Item THE BIOSTIMULATOR REGLALG AS AN INDUCTOR OF PLANTS' VIABILITY AND VIGOR(CEP USM, 2023) Dascaliuc, A.; Jelev, Natalia; Voineac, V.By the definition for the biostimulator, Reglalg contains substances extracted from algae that stimulate the natural plant processes that improve their tolerance to environmental abiotic stress, nutrient-use efficiency, quantity, and quality of the crop. During several years of testing, it has been demonstrated that due to the beneficial influence of Reglalg on the vigor and viability of different plant species, the plants are also less affected by biotic stress factors. Due to these properties, the biostimulator Reglalg is a highly effective preparation for use in organic agriculture.Item INFLUENŢA DERIVAŢILOR VINIL-TRIAZOLICI ASUPRA CREȘTERII FUNGULUI FUSARIUM AVENACEUM (FR.) SACC.(CEP USM, 2023) Lupașcu, Galina; Gavzer, Svetlana; Cristea, N.; Lupașcu, L.; Stîngaci, E.; Zveaghințeva, M.; Pogrebnoi, S.; Macaev, F.Testing of the fungus Fusarium avenaceum growth on nutrient medium (PDA) supplemented with the new vinyl-triazole derivatives in concentrations of 0.00125% - 0.01% demonstrated their high capacity to inhibit the pathogen, which offers chances of their use in the protection measures of common winter wheat.