2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/13419
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Item Study of variability in productivity elements of winter triticale collection [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Leatamborg, Svetlana; Rotari, Silvia; Gore, AndreiArid conditions, which are increasingly common in the world, have a negative impact on the development of agricultural crops and pose a great threat to the implementation of potential plant productivity. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to evaluate collection variety samples for economically valuable traits and to select promising genotypes for use in the breeding process. This article presents the results of a study of 36 triticale variety samples of different geographical origins for the main economically valuable traits (plant height, main spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains, grain weight and 1000-grain weight). Analysis of the productivity elements of the studied samples revealed high variability in the number of grains and grain weight per spike, which makes it possible to select valuable genotypes. Promising samples have been identified based on individual productivity traits and their complex for targeted use in selection of parental pairs included in hybridization.Item Variability and equality of biochemical qualitative characteristics varieties and lines new tomato obtained in vitro [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Sîromeatnicov, Iulia; Cotenco, Eugenia; Paladi, Dana; Brezeanu, Petre; Ambărus, SilvicaIn the agrarian sector, lines, varieties, which had high uniformity, distinctiveness and stability of fruit productivity and quality in different environmental conditions, were of particular importance. The most important trend in the strategy of plant breeding at the stage of adaptive intensification in agriculture was combining the resistance of the varieties to the stress- producing abiotic factors of the environment with high levels of fruit productivity and quality. The determination of the genetic complex of quantitative characters, including drought resistance, hindered the success of the breeding process, the purpose of which was to create genotypes combining many valuable characters. As a result of distance hybridization, interest for the breeder also presents the spectrum of genetic variability, which increases the efficiency of genotypes selection with high productivity and increased resistance to environmental stressors. One of the main tasks of amelioration was grandiose blending in the same variety of high productivity and resistance to stress factors (drought).Item Comparative analysis of resistance to high temperature stress in prospective tomato lines [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Mihnea, Nadejda; Rusu, Vadim; Brezeanu, Petre; Ambărus, SilvicaThe paper presents the results of the evaluation of tomato lines obtained as a result of intraspecific hybridization based on resistance to high temperatures (40o, 42oC) in early ontogenesis. Seedlings grown at 25ºC served as a control variant. The analysis of the variability of the resistance trait was carried out based on the length of the embryonic radicle, stem, and whole plantlet length. It was found that at a temperature of 40oC all lines showed increased resistance to growth traits, and at a temperature of 42oC a significant inhibition of the radicle, stem, and whole plantlet length was observed. Through cluster analysis (k-means) the variety Prestij and lines 203, 204, 205 were identified with complex resistance of growth characters to high temperatures (40 and 43oC), which can be implemented in breeding programs to create varieties with complex resistance to thermal stress.Item Variation in tomato genotypes response to X-ray irradiation and estimation of the effective doses [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Marii, Liliana; Andronic, Larisa; Sahanovschih Marionela; Ursachi OlgaThe study investigates the response of 15 tomato genotypes (cultivated and wild forms) to X-ray irradiation, aiming to determine effective mutagenic doses that result in a 50% reduction in key quantitative parameters: germination rate, radicle length, hypocotyl height, and seedling height. Seeds were exposed to 10 irradiation doses (ranging from 100 to 530 Gy), and the effects were assessed in comparison to a non-irradiated control. Linear, nonlinear, and polynomial regression models were applied, along with dose–response curve analysis, to estimate the effective inhibitory doses (ID₅₀/ID₃₀) for the efficient use of induced mutagenesis in the M₀ and subsequent generations. The results reveal considerable variability among genotypes, including stimulatory (hormetic) effects at lower doses. These findings are essential for optimizing mutagenesis protocols in tomato breeding programs.Item Variabilitatea fenotipică a caracterelor valoroase la grâul durum și triticale [Articol](CEP USM, 2025) Rotari, Silvia; Leatamborg, SvetlanaÎn lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele studiului a 10 linii de grâu durum de toamnă și 10 linii de triticale de toamnă din câmpul de control. Genotipurile au fost cercetate pe baza unor caractere importante morfobiologice și de productivitate (înălțimea plantei, numărul de tulpini, lungimea spicului, numărul de spiculețe și numărul de boabe per spic, greutatea boabelor per spic șu masa a 1000 boabe). Analiza caracterelor morfologice și a productivității, a evidențiat o variabilitate înaltă în ceea ce privește numărul de frați, numărul de boabe și greutatea lor, ce ne oferă posibilități de selectare a genotipurilor valoroase. În rezultatul cercetărilor au fost identificate și selectate genotipuri utile care s-au utilizat în hibridări ca genitori de caractere valoroase. În baza acestor genotipuri au fost obținuți 40 hibrizi intraspecifici reciproci, care vor fi studiați în generațiile F1-F4.Item Influența fungului Drechslera biseptata (sacc. & roum.) asupra variabilității transgresive la grâul comun [Articol](CEP USM, 2025) Lupașcu, Galina; Cristea, Nicolae; Sașco, Elena; Mihnea, NadejdaFungul Drechslera biseptata influențează organele de creștere și dezvoltare (germinație, radiculă embrionară, tulpiniță) ale grâului comun de toamnă, în cea mai mare parte prin inhibarea acestora, ceea ce se reflectă asupra indicelui de vigoare a plantulelor. Acțiunea patogenului și orientarea încrucișării la formarea hibrizilor F1 se reflectă asupra structurii fenotipice și ratei transgresiilor pozitive în populațiile segregante F2 în ceea ce privește organele de creștere. Datele obținute semnifică rolul important al acțiunilor complementare pozitive ale genelor la formarea caracterului de rezistență a grâului comun la patogen. Au fost indentificate combinații de grâu cu grad și frecvență înaltă a transgresiilor pozitive pentru cel mai sensibil organ la acțiunea patogenului – radicula embrionară.Item Rolul variabilității genetice în interacțiunea grâului cu Alternaria alternata(CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Galina; Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, SvetlanaThe article presents data on the reaction of 10 common winter wheat genotypes to culture filtrates of Alternaria alternata isolates. Through factorial analysis, the role of wheat genotype (42.2 ... 51.1%) in the source of variation in radicle length, stem length, seedling length was found. The A. alternata isolate factor presented a higher weight for germination (48.9%) and vigor index (49.0%). The association of the high level of the coefficient of heritability with the advanced genetic progress shows that in the control of growth and development characters additive factors are involved.Item Variabilitatea atacului bolilor foliare la forme de perspectivă de grâu comun(CEP USM, 2024) Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, Svetlana; Lupașcu, GalinaThe aim of the present research was to establish the attack characteristics of foliar diseases (septoriosis, brown rust, yellow rust, powdery mildew) in 25 prospective genotypes of common winter wheat in years with different climatic conditions (2023, 2024). It was found: i) the strong dependence of the disease of wheat plants on climatic factors (the intensity of yellow rust in 2023 and of powdery mildew in 2024); ii) significant variability in susceptibility of wheat populations / genotypes. Common winter wheat populations/lines with reduced complex disease susceptibility have been identified, that can be implemented in breeding programs.Item Funcționalitatea gametofitului mascul la descendenții plantelor de tomate reinfectate cu virusuri(CEP USM, 2024) Saltanovici, Tatiana; Andronic, Larisa; Antoci, LudmilaThe article discusses the functionality of the male gametophyte in tomato offspring obtained from plants reinfected with Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Tomato Aspermy Virus. It was established that the plants from experimental variants showed specific responses associated with the change of the male gametophyte activity, that allows to the identification of resistant genotypes based on the established variability. According to the results of the ANOVA test, the variability of the pollen viability was primarily influenced by the genotype, which is important for the elucidation of the genetic basis of the reinfected genotypes and their descendants, as well as for breeding works. Genotypes that showed a high level of functionality of the male gametophyte under optimal and stressful conditions were highlighted, which allows their use in further research.Item Traits of tomato male gametophyte as a criterion for selection of breeding valuable forms at early stages of ontogenesis(CEP USM, 2024) Makovei, MilaniaIn vitro assessment of pollen qualitative traits affecting reproductive and other functions of tomato plants was carried out, including under the influence of a high-temperature stress factor in multimarker lines and F1 hybrids obtained on their basis. The F1 hybrids and lines are characterized by morphological traits of pollen. It was revealed that the morphological heterogeneity of pollen grains in the F1 hybrid Rozamak is associated with the dominant inheritance of the ls gene from the maternal form. It has been shown that the processes of pollen germination and pollen tube growth under in vitro conditions in both freshly collected and heat-treated F1 hybrids occur synchronously and in a shorter period (1-2 hours) than in their parental lines.