2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/13419
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Item Screening of corn genotypes for salinity resistance [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Climenco, OxanaThe aim of the study was to evaluate salt resistance of corn lines and hybrids at early stages of plant growth and development, as well as at the level of haploid male gametophyte. Under stress conditions of chloride salinity, the variability of such traits as "seed germination", "seedling length", "rootlet length", "number of rootlets" was studied. Correlations and regressions of traits, effects of the factors "genotype", "salinity stress", as well as their interaction were assessed. As a result, reliable positive correlations of the studied traits of early growth and development under salt stress were established, and reliable effects of the "genotype" factor in the variability of traits at the diploid and haploid levels were determined. The hybrid combination with the maternal component L276xP165, as well as the lines P343, L1866, Mo17, Co125 turned out to be genotypes with increased salt resistance.Item Comparative analysis of resistance to high temperature stress in prospective tomato lines [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Mihnea, Nadejda; Rusu, Vadim; Brezeanu, Petre; Ambărus, SilvicaThe paper presents the results of the evaluation of tomato lines obtained as a result of intraspecific hybridization based on resistance to high temperatures (40o, 42oC) in early ontogenesis. Seedlings grown at 25ºC served as a control variant. The analysis of the variability of the resistance trait was carried out based on the length of the embryonic radicle, stem, and whole plantlet length. It was found that at a temperature of 40oC all lines showed increased resistance to growth traits, and at a temperature of 42oC a significant inhibition of the radicle, stem, and whole plantlet length was observed. Through cluster analysis (k-means) the variety Prestij and lines 203, 204, 205 were identified with complex resistance of growth characters to high temperatures (40 and 43oC), which can be implemented in breeding programs to create varieties with complex resistance to thermal stress.Item The breeding of highly resistant tomato F1 hybrids to stress abiotic factors [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Makovei, MilaniaThe paper presents the results of studying the adaptive potential of F1 tomato hybrids obtained from crossing genotypes with different combinations of mutant marker genes. The assessment of resistance to high and low temperatures is evaluated at the stage of mature male gametophyte under in vitro conditions and fruiting under in vivo conditions Genotype-specific differences in the character of manifestation of traits between F1 hybrids, both depending on the features of the initial forms and the type of temperature stress factor, were established. A stable character of manifestation of the studied traits of male gametophyte is observed in hybrids from combinations with genotypes of cultural type and mutant forms - L8/234 × Mo835, L33/241 × Mo835, L111 × Mo 341, Fakel × Mo 341, MaKrista × Mo 341. Strong variability was characteristic of F1 intermutant hybrids (L33/16 × Mo 835, L11069 × L28, L45/16 × Mo 341) under both stress backgrounds (45°C and +6°C) including fruiting in three different years of research (2021-2023).Item Rolul variabilității genetice în interacțiunea grâului cu Alternaria alternata(CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Galina; Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, SvetlanaThe article presents data on the reaction of 10 common winter wheat genotypes to culture filtrates of Alternaria alternata isolates. Through factorial analysis, the role of wheat genotype (42.2 ... 51.1%) in the source of variation in radicle length, stem length, seedling length was found. The A. alternata isolate factor presented a higher weight for germination (48.9%) and vigor index (49.0%). The association of the high level of the coefficient of heritability with the advanced genetic progress shows that in the control of growth and development characters additive factors are involved.Item Variabilitatea atacului bolilor foliare la forme de perspectivă de grâu comun(CEP USM, 2024) Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, Svetlana; Lupașcu, GalinaThe aim of the present research was to establish the attack characteristics of foliar diseases (septoriosis, brown rust, yellow rust, powdery mildew) in 25 prospective genotypes of common winter wheat in years with different climatic conditions (2023, 2024). It was found: i) the strong dependence of the disease of wheat plants on climatic factors (the intensity of yellow rust in 2023 and of powdery mildew in 2024); ii) significant variability in susceptibility of wheat populations / genotypes. Common winter wheat populations/lines with reduced complex disease susceptibility have been identified, that can be implemented in breeding programs.Item Funcționalitatea gametofitului mascul la descendenții plantelor de tomate reinfectate cu virusuri(CEP USM, 2024) Saltanovici, Tatiana; Andronic, Larisa; Antoci, LudmilaThe article discusses the functionality of the male gametophyte in tomato offspring obtained from plants reinfected with Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Tomato Aspermy Virus. It was established that the plants from experimental variants showed specific responses associated with the change of the male gametophyte activity, that allows to the identification of resistant genotypes based on the established variability. According to the results of the ANOVA test, the variability of the pollen viability was primarily influenced by the genotype, which is important for the elucidation of the genetic basis of the reinfected genotypes and their descendants, as well as for breeding works. Genotypes that showed a high level of functionality of the male gametophyte under optimal and stressful conditions were highlighted, which allows their use in further research.Item Physiological state of brassica carinata plants depending on the genotype characteristics and phase of plant development in the conditions of Kyiv(CEP USM, 2024) Rakhmetov, Dzhamal; Bondarchuk, Oleksandr; Rakhmetova, Svitlana; Blume, Yaroslav; Blume, Rostyslav; Kutsokon, Nataliya; Rashydov, NamikThe results of non-destructive assessment of the physiological state of 17 samples of Brassica carinata plants are highlighted. As a result of studies of the content of chlorophyll, flavanols and the nitrogen-flavanol index using a multi-pigment meter MPM-100 (ADC BioScientific Ltd, UK) during the growing season (in particular, during the phase of budding, flowering, fruiting and seed maturation), important results were obtained that allowed us to identify the dependence physiological processes from genotypic features and determine groups of plant resistance to environmental conditions.Item Traits of tomato male gametophyte as a criterion for selection of breeding valuable forms at early stages of ontogenesis(CEP USM, 2024) Makovei, MilaniaIn vitro assessment of pollen qualitative traits affecting reproductive and other functions of tomato plants was carried out, including under the influence of a high-temperature stress factor in multimarker lines and F1 hybrids obtained on their basis. The F1 hybrids and lines are characterized by morphological traits of pollen. It was revealed that the morphological heterogeneity of pollen grains in the F1 hybrid Rozamak is associated with the dominant inheritance of the ls gene from the maternal form. It has been shown that the processes of pollen germination and pollen tube growth under in vitro conditions in both freshly collected and heat-treated F1 hybrids occur synchronously and in a shorter period (1-2 hours) than in their parental lines.Item ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ВНУТРИПОПУЛЯЦИОННОЙ ГЕНОТИПИЧЕСКОЙ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТИ У ТОМАТА ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ДЛЯ ОПЫЛЕНИЯ ТЕРМООБРАБОТАННОЙ ПЫЛЬЦЫ(CEP USM, 2024) Маковей, МиланияThe paper presents the results of studying the effect of tomato pollen heat-treated at 45°C for 8 hours on the degree of genotypic variability in heterogeneous F1, F2, F3 populations obtained by direct and reciprocal crosses. Intra- and interpopulation periodic selections on a complex of traits of male gametophyte (viability, pollen heat resistance, pollen tube length and pollen tube length resistance) are used. It has been shown that cyclic three-fold pollination of the best genotypes (P1 x P2 - F1 x A - F1 x B and F2 x A - F2 x B) with preheated pollen increases the probability of combination of desirable genes influencing the resistance of genotypes in populations and can be used to improve parental forms, obtain new resistant genotypes, as well as to increase the effect of heterosis in F1 hybrids to high-temperature stress.Item EVALUAREA REZISTENȚEI DIFERITOR HIBRIZI DE PORUMB LA STRESUL DE TEMPERATURĂ NEGATIVĂ ÎN STADIU DE GERMINARE A SEMINȚELOR(CEP USM, 2024) Cauș, Maria; Borozan, PanteleimonThe main objective of the study was to determine the constitutive resistance of 14maize hybrids to negative temperature stress. To achieve the proposed objective, the seedsf the experimental variants were exposed to hypothermic stress, being incubated at negative temperature of -4°C for 16 hours in the climatic chamber RUMED TYPE 3401 (RFG) with the accuracy of maintaining the temperature ± 0.1ºC. At the same time, control seeds were incubated at a temperature of +4°C. Then control and experimental seeds were germinated at an optimal temperature of +26°C for 5 days, followed by determination of the final percentage of germinaton. Pretreatment of maize seeds with negative temperature stress made it possible to identify and evaluate the primary stress resistance of each hybrid. Depending on the degree of constitutive frost resistance of each hybrid, the distribution and classification of the studied hybrids into 3 groups was carried out, including hybrids with high, medium and low frost resistance.