2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/13419
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Item Variabilitatea atacului bolilor foliare la forme de perspectivă de grâu comun(CEP USM, 2024) Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, Svetlana; Lupașcu, GalinaThe aim of the present research was to establish the attack characteristics of foliar diseases (septoriosis, brown rust, yellow rust, powdery mildew) in 25 prospective genotypes of common winter wheat in years with different climatic conditions (2023, 2024). It was found: i) the strong dependence of the disease of wheat plants on climatic factors (the intensity of yellow rust in 2023 and of powdery mildew in 2024); ii) significant variability in susceptibility of wheat populations / genotypes. Common winter wheat populations/lines with reduced complex disease susceptibility have been identified, that can be implemented in breeding programs.Item Funcționalitatea gametofitului mascul la descendenții plantelor de tomate reinfectate cu virusuri(CEP USM, 2024) Saltanovici, Tatiana; Andronic, Larisa; Antoci, LudmilaThe article discusses the functionality of the male gametophyte in tomato offspring obtained from plants reinfected with Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Tomato Aspermy Virus. It was established that the plants from experimental variants showed specific responses associated with the change of the male gametophyte activity, that allows to the identification of resistant genotypes based on the established variability. According to the results of the ANOVA test, the variability of the pollen viability was primarily influenced by the genotype, which is important for the elucidation of the genetic basis of the reinfected genotypes and their descendants, as well as for breeding works. Genotypes that showed a high level of functionality of the male gametophyte under optimal and stressful conditions were highlighted, which allows their use in further research.Item Physiological state of brassica carinata plants depending on the genotype characteristics and phase of plant development in the conditions of Kyiv(CEP USM, 2024) Rakhmetov, Dzhamal; Bondarchuk, Oleksandr; Rakhmetova, Svitlana; Blume, Yaroslav; Blume, Rostyslav; Kutsokon, Nataliya; Rashydov, NamikThe results of non-destructive assessment of the physiological state of 17 samples of Brassica carinata plants are highlighted. As a result of studies of the content of chlorophyll, flavanols and the nitrogen-flavanol index using a multi-pigment meter MPM-100 (ADC BioScientific Ltd, UK) during the growing season (in particular, during the phase of budding, flowering, fruiting and seed maturation), important results were obtained that allowed us to identify the dependence physiological processes from genotypic features and determine groups of plant resistance to environmental conditions.Item Traits of tomato male gametophyte as a criterion for selection of breeding valuable forms at early stages of ontogenesis(CEP USM, 2024) Makovei, MilaniaIn vitro assessment of pollen qualitative traits affecting reproductive and other functions of tomato plants was carried out, including under the influence of a high-temperature stress factor in multimarker lines and F1 hybrids obtained on their basis. The F1 hybrids and lines are characterized by morphological traits of pollen. It was revealed that the morphological heterogeneity of pollen grains in the F1 hybrid Rozamak is associated with the dominant inheritance of the ls gene from the maternal form. It has been shown that the processes of pollen germination and pollen tube growth under in vitro conditions in both freshly collected and heat-treated F1 hybrids occur synchronously and in a shorter period (1-2 hours) than in their parental lines.Item ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ВНУТРИПОПУЛЯЦИОННОЙ ГЕНОТИПИЧЕСКОЙ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТИ У ТОМАТА ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ДЛЯ ОПЫЛЕНИЯ ТЕРМООБРАБОТАННОЙ ПЫЛЬЦЫ(CEP USM, 2024) Маковей, МиланияThe paper presents the results of studying the effect of tomato pollen heat-treated at 45°C for 8 hours on the degree of genotypic variability in heterogeneous F1, F2, F3 populations obtained by direct and reciprocal crosses. Intra- and interpopulation periodic selections on a complex of traits of male gametophyte (viability, pollen heat resistance, pollen tube length and pollen tube length resistance) are used. It has been shown that cyclic three-fold pollination of the best genotypes (P1 x P2 - F1 x A - F1 x B and F2 x A - F2 x B) with preheated pollen increases the probability of combination of desirable genes influencing the resistance of genotypes in populations and can be used to improve parental forms, obtain new resistant genotypes, as well as to increase the effect of heterosis in F1 hybrids to high-temperature stress.Item EVALUAREA REZISTENȚEI DIFERITOR HIBRIZI DE PORUMB LA STRESUL DE TEMPERATURĂ NEGATIVĂ ÎN STADIU DE GERMINARE A SEMINȚELOR(CEP USM, 2024) Cauș, Maria; Borozan, PanteleimonThe main objective of the study was to determine the constitutive resistance of 14maize hybrids to negative temperature stress. To achieve the proposed objective, the seedsf the experimental variants were exposed to hypothermic stress, being incubated at negative temperature of -4°C for 16 hours in the climatic chamber RUMED TYPE 3401 (RFG) with the accuracy of maintaining the temperature ± 0.1ºC. At the same time, control seeds were incubated at a temperature of +4°C. Then control and experimental seeds were germinated at an optimal temperature of +26°C for 5 days, followed by determination of the final percentage of germinaton. Pretreatment of maize seeds with negative temperature stress made it possible to identify and evaluate the primary stress resistance of each hybrid. Depending on the degree of constitutive frost resistance of each hybrid, the distribution and classification of the studied hybrids into 3 groups was carried out, including hybrids with high, medium and low frost resistance.Item LINII DE PERSPECTIVĂ PENTRU OBȚINEREA SOIURILOR DE TOMATE CU REZISTENȚĂ SPORITĂ LA AGENȚII PATOGENI(CEP USM, 2023) Sîromeatnicov, Iulia; Cotenco, Eugenia; Paladi, DanaThe investigated researches were oriented towards studying the dynamics of development and evolution of diseases in tomato culture with the assessment of resistance comparative of plants to pathogens visualized in field conditions (Alternaria sp.; Stolbur disease mycoplasma and Tomato mosaic virus (TMV). The research results show us that the effects caused by the disease Alternaria sp., in tomato lines cultured by seedlings were contaminated with the percentage value of 68,7%, at the same time for the parental forms cultured by seeds this disease constituted maximum values of 89.1%. The difference between perspective lines and parental forms is 20.4%. The maximum size of the values obtained in parental forms exceeds by 21.6% the outlook lines for the Stolbur disease mycoplasma.Item EVALUAREA POTENŢIALULUI PATOGENIC ÎN COMBINAȚIILE HIBRIDE F1 DE TOMATE(CEP USM, 2023) Sîromeatnicov, Iulia; Cotenco, Eugenia; Paladi, DanaIn the current paper is presented the pathogen depending on its nature, the character of appearance and spread to tomato plants. Climatic conditions during the growing season were relatively unfavorable for primary description and evolution dynamic manifestation and extension of the disease that affected some reproductive organs with phytopathological impact. Evaluation of complex research in field conditions, on characterization and evaluation of plant genetic resources by using various methods of improving the pathogenic form, the tobacco mosaic virus has demonstrated an increase in disease compared to parental forms and a decrease compared to F1 hybrid combinations.