2. Articole

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    Productivity indices in Lavandula Angustifolia mill. Varieties, sixth year of vegetation [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Butnaraș, Violeta; Balmuș, Zinaida; Cotelea, Ludmila
    The evaluation of quantitative character indices – lant height and diameter, number of flowering stems per plant, inflorescence and floral spike length, number of whorls on the floral spike, raw material yield, and essential oil content – allowed for the characterization and assessment of each lavender variety-clone. The varieties under study synthesized and accumulated an essential oil content at standard humidity (60%) exceeding 2% (Svetlana – 2.199%; Alba 7 – 2.188%), and on dry matter basis exceeding 5% (Svetlana – 5.498%; Alba 7 – 5.472%). Raw material yield varied from 3.6 t/ha to 7.7 t/ha depending on the variety, with the most productive being Svetlana (7.7 t/ha), Alba 7 (7.3 t/ha), and Favoare (6.7 t/ha). The essential oil yield in the evaluated varieties-clones ranged from 11.6 kg/t to 22.0 kg/t. The highest yields were recorded in the varieties: Svetlana (22.0), Alba 7 (21.8), and Favoare (17.1) kg of essential oil per ton of fresh inflorescences.
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    Variability and equality of biochemical qualitative characteristics varieties and lines new tomato obtained in vitro [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Sîromeatnicov, Iulia; Cotenco, Eugenia; Paladi, Dana; Brezeanu, Petre; Ambărus, Silvica
    In the agrarian sector, lines, varieties, which had high uniformity, distinctiveness and stability of fruit productivity and quality in different environmental conditions, were of particular importance. The most important trend in the strategy of plant breeding at the stage of adaptive intensification in agriculture was combining the resistance of the varieties to the stress- producing abiotic factors of the environment with high levels of fruit productivity and quality. The determination of the genetic complex of quantitative characters, including drought resistance, hindered the success of the breeding process, the purpose of which was to create genotypes combining many valuable characters. As a result of distance hybridization, interest for the breeder also presents the spectrum of genetic variability, which increases the efficiency of genotypes selection with high productivity and increased resistance to environmental stressors. One of the main tasks of amelioration was grandiose blending in the same variety of high productivity and resistance to stress factors (drought).
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    The role of the flag leaf in the formation of the yield of winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) grown from seeds treated with the biostimulant reglalg [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2025) Platcovschii, Nicolai; Dascaliuc, Alexandru
    The effect of treating seeds of hexaploid wheat Moldova 5, Missia and Kuyalnik with the biostimulator (BS) Reglagl on the activity of the flag leaf photosystem II (PS-2) and the yield during the period of formation and ripening of grain in the ear was studied. The experiments were conducted during 2015 -2018 at the Experimental Field of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, MSU. The duration of the grain formation and maturation phases in Moldova 5 plants was 26 days, and in Missia and Kuialnik plants - 33 days. The application of BS Reglagl contributed to extending the duration of grain formation and maturation by 1-3 days. In the control variants, the harvest was 3.76 - 4.20 t/h, and in the experimental ones - 3.81 - 4.73 t/h. The efficiency of seed treatment with BS Reglagl varied depending on the variety and the climatic conditions of the year.
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    Variabilitatea caracterelor biochimice la soiurile și liniile noi de tomate
    (CEP USM, 2024) Mihnea, Nadejda; Rusu, Vadim; Rudacova, Angela; Cherdivară, Ala
    În lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele testării a 3 soiuri și 8 linii de tomate pe baza conținutului de substanță uscată, zăharuri, aciditate, vitamina C, licopen și β – caroten în fructe. Datele biochimice ale fructelor de tomate au fost diferențiate – specifică genotipului și caracterului analizat. Prin analiza corelațională (r) a indicilor de calitate a fructelor de tomate s-a demonstrat că pe baza materialului aflat în studiu, pot fi obținute noi genotipuri de tomate cu asociere reușită a caracterelor substanță uscată – aciditate, zahăr – vitamina C, între care a existat o dependență semnificativă: 0,77* și 0,88* (p < 0.05). Analiză clusteriană (k-medii) a făcut posibilă identificarea soiul Dargen și liniei L 304 de tomate cu valori înalte ale caracterelor biochimice (substanță uscată – 6,58%, zaharuri – 3,91%, aciditate – 0,52, vitamina С – 26,68 мг%, licopen – 1,59), care pot fi implementate în programele de ameliorare la crearea soiurilor cu proprietăți gustative înalte.
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    Diferenţierea mugurilor de rod la soiurile de nuc cu fructificare terminală şi laterală
    (CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Pîntea, Maria; Tăbîrță, L.
    Organogenesis processes during development of walnut buds and pistillate (female) flowers structures of 16 dichogamous perspective varieties and selections (local and introduced too) were thoroughly investigated. Difference within terminal and lateral fructification of genotypes there are evaluated. The influence of some biotic and abiotic factors on the processes of morphogenesis of pistillate flower buds was established. Investigations have provided valuable information regarding selection of the appropriate parent varieties for breeding programs, as well as regarding optimization of nut production in the industrial orchards.
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    POTENȚIALUL PRODUCTIV AL MURULUI ÎN SISTEM ECOLOGIC
    (CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Caterenciuc, Cristina
    Lucrarea incude rezultatele cercetărilor științifice efectuate în perioada anilor 2020 – 2023 la cultura murului, orientată spre studierea influenței fuctuațiilor climei. bazate pe cercetărie şi observațiile efectuate asupra parcurgerii fazelor fenologice şi durata acestora, care este în corelaţie directă cu evoluţia şi intensitatea factorilor ecologici. Cercetările au fost desfășurate în zona de centru și de sud a Republicii Moldova. Materialul biologic utilizat a fost reprezentat de cinci soiuri de mur: Darrow, Arapaho, Thornfree, Smoothstem și Triple Crown. În urma cercetărilor efectuate privind parcurgerea fenofazelor pe parcursul perioadei de studiu a soiurilor de mur, s-a stabilit că: desfacerea mugurilor s-a desfășurat între 27.03-15.04, cu durata de 49 de zile. Începutul înfloririi a avut loc în perioada între 13.05 - 16.06, cu durata de 18 zile. Maturarea fructelor s-a început în perioada 16.06-15.09, cu durata de 40 de zile. La soiurile de mur studiate perioada de la începutul vegetaţiei până la maturarea fructelor variază între 73 – 128 de zile în funcţie de condiţiile climatice din perioada de vegetaţie. Recolta obţinută la soiul Arapaho în zona de Centru este de 7,22 t/ha, la soiul Darrow - 6,26 t/ha, la soiul Smoothstem - 10,62 t/ha şi la soiul Thornfree - 12,43 t/ha, la soiul Arapaho zona de Sud -8,62 t/ha, și la soiul Triple Crown - 9,23 t/ha. Lipsa precipitațiilor esențiale a contribuit la uscarea stratului superior al solului, ceea ce a creat condiții mai puțin favorabile pentru creșterea, dezvoltarea plantelor de mur și a dus la o productivitate mai scăzută față de anii precedenți.
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    NOI SOIURI DE USTUROI CU ADAPTABILITATE SPORITĂ LA SCHMBĂRILE CLIMATICE
    (CEP USM, 2023) Botnari, Vasile; Chilinciuc, Al.
    Despite the centuries-old traditions of garlic cultivation, and the systemic perpetuation of a series of problems related to the maintenance and evaluation of the gene pool, mainly of local forms as safe sources of resistance to biotic and abiotic factors and their inclusion in the improvement process in order to create new varieties, complimented with the study of biological peculiarities and cultivation technology, the production of planting material still remains unexplained. In order to ensure scientific assistance, the creation and implementation in culture, collections and contest nurseries were developed, created and approved 4 varieties of garlic with high and stable productivity, increased resistance to environmental factors, Updating the technological parameters of cultivation for different production conditions would contribute to raising the efficiency and production level of the given crop.
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    EVALUAREA SOIURILOR DE PLANTE MEDICINALE ȘI AROMATICE REZILIENTE LA FACTORII STRESOGENI AI MEDIULUI, BOLI ȘI DĂUNĂTORI
    (CEP USM, 2023) Balmuș, Zinaida; Cotelea, Ludmila; Butnaraș, Violeta; Goncearuc, Maria; Botnarenco, P.
    The varieties of Salvia sclarea provides a production of 15.4– 19.5t/ha of inflorescences and guarantees the yield of 54.5–73.5 kg/ha of essential oil. The essential oil content of Lavandula angustifolia varieties in the dry years is higher than in the years with normal atmospheric depositions. The productivity of the lavender varieties is higher (7,4 -7,7 t/ha) of inflorescences and 155,2- 179,2 kg/ha of essential oil. We can conclude that the varieties are part of different groups of maturity, high production of raw material, high content of essential oil. They are resistant to frost, winter and drought.