2. Articole

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    Study of the efficiency of sunflower beetle control methods in the context of intensification and expansion of cultivation areas [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Paladi, Ion
    The sources propose a multitude of strategies within the control and combat methods of sunflower blight. Some of them emphasize the valorization of the genetic potential of resistance, giving it major importance. Just as the strategies for preventing and controlling sunflower blight in the organic farming system differ, so do those within the conventional system. Research conducted during the agricultural years 2022-2024 in repetition of 3 consecutive years on the same land in the southern area of the Republic of Moldova, Cahul district, Iujnoe village. During the vegetation period, the development and evolution of the crop as well as diseases, including sunflower blight, were recorded. For each variant, one hundred plants were chosen on the diagonal of the plot. The recording and analysis of the manifestation of sunflower blight consisted of collecting data in order to calculate the intensity and frequency of the attack generated. The tendency of increasing the frequency values and the intensity of the pathogen attack is due to the intensification of the sunflower cultivation process. The organic preparation Trichodermin-SC shows high biological efficacy in controlling sunflower scab and is considered to be suitable for use in an organic protection system. The fungicide Unical,SC, showing high biological efficacy in controlling sunflower powdery mildew.
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    Effect of drought on the total protein composition in sunflower seedlings [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Rudacova, Angela; Cherdivara, Ala; Rudacov, Serghei
    The aim of the work was to study the protein composition of seedlings of several sunflower genotypes under the influence of simulated drought. The protein composition was studied using SDS electrophoresis. The drought effect was created using PEG (6000). Drought-induced changes in protein composition were detected in only two of the six studied genotypes. In the Rf 2 genotype, under the influence of PEG (30%), 2 zones with low molecular weights accumulated over 6 days. In the ASC3 genotype, 3 zones of proteins with low molecular weights began to appear already at the first stage of drought, and they accumulated as the drought intensified. The amount of these zones increased under severe drought by almost 5-10 times compared to the control. The molecular weights of the proteins that accumulate during drought (D1, D2 and D3) range from 22 to 20 kDa, which is consistent with the molecular weights of dehydrins, which found in Helianthus annuus. The enhanced accumulation of these proteins under drought conditions may suggest that the ASC3 genotype exhibited greater drought tolerance and could be a promising parental line for breeding purposes.
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    Temporal gene expression patterns during microsporogenesis in sunflower [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Port, Angela
    The objective of this study was to characterize the transcriptional variation of a selected set of genes in fertile sunflower (Helianthus annuus) anthers by quantifying their expression levels using Ral-time PCR across four stages of microsporogenesis. The results reveal that over 90% of the analyzed genes exhibit dynamic or oscillatory expression patterns, reflecting stage-specific regulatory responses. A moderate increase in gene expression variability during the tetrad and microspore stages, compared to the earlier phases of microsporogenesis, such as pachytene and meiotic division, was observed. The prevalence of dynamic expression highlights complex transcriptional regulation required for maintaining physiological homeostasis during microsporogenesis. These results contribute to the functional validation of candidate genes and offer insights into the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying male fertility in sunflower.
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    SUNFLOWER PROTECTION AGAINST SPREAD DISEASES IN THE WESTERN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
    (CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Andriychuk, Tetyana; Skoreiko, Alla; Kuvshynov, Alexander
    The results of fungicide usage BAS 762 02 F against spread sunflower diseases: septoria leaf spot of sunflower (Septoria helianthiEll. et Kell.) and alternaria (Alternaria helianthi (Hansf.) Tubaki & Nishih.) in the western Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The best rates of usage for preparations' input according to the studies results during 2021–2022. The fungicide highest efficiency against septoria leaf spot observed in the scope 0.8–1.0 l/ha. The preparation's technical efficiency consisted of 78.8–81.4%. The fungicide BAS 762 02 F usage against alternaria reduced the sunflower's plant disease development on 3.7–6.9 times at preparation's consumption rate 0,6– 1,0 l/ha in comparison with control. The preparation's technical efficiency consisted of 72.7 – 85.5%.
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    Performanţa hibrizilor de floarea-soarelui în diverse condiţii de mediu ale Republicii Moldova
    (CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Clapco, Steliana; Mutu, Ana; Burcovschi, Ion
    The rising frequency of suboptimal temperatures and early droughts hinder the genetic potential realization of sunflower hybrids, posing challenges in achieving stable harvest yields. It was analyzed the harvest of 21 hybrids grown in 5 localities of the Republic of Moldova in correlation with the annual amount of precipitation from 2015-2020. The variation of the yield according to the genotype of the studied hybrids and the impact of the conditions in the growing environment were highlighted.