2. Articole

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    Oil content in seeds by NMR relaxation method [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Harciuc, Oleg; Sütyemiez, Mehmet; Chistol, Marcela; Malii, Aliona; Stingaci, Aurelia
    The aim of our work was to evaluate the capability of NMR-relaxation method of the determination of oil content in walnut kernels and soybean seeds. NMR-relaxation spin-echoes for protons of the studied seeds were studied on a modernized NMR-relaxometer, using a sequence of 90°- and 180°- high-frequency pulses, with an interval 3.5 ms. As standards in NMR calibration for walnut kernels and for soybean seeds were used different oils. The oil content of commercial walnut kernels SRL “Monicol” is 69±1%, which corresponds to the typical range for the crop, 64- 72%. After harvest 2021 the minimal oil content was in the seeds of soybean variety Pentata (14,6±0,2% for the seeds with dry weight 100-150 mg and 14,9±0,4% for the seeds with dry weight 200-250 mg) and the maximal oil content was in seeds of soybean variety Ladutsa (19,3±0,3% for the seeds with dry weight 100-150 mg and 19,7±0,5% for the seeds with dry weight 150-200 mg).
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    Evaluation of osmotic stress tolerance during the germination stage in soybean genotypes [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Malii, Aliona
    To evaluate the tolerance of soybean genotypes to osmotic stress, a controlled germination experiment was performed on six soybean lines: three obtained by gamma-ray-induced mutagenesis (C15M7200, B2M8200, Z21M12200) and three by hybridization (L.4, L.8, L.86). Seeds were treated with three concentrations of PEG 6000 (0%, 10%, 15%) to simulate a water stress gradient. The analyzed parameters – germination rate and root length – were recorded 5 and 7 days after sowing. A significant reduction of both parameters was found with increasing PEG concentration, highlighting a different sensitivity between genotypes. Lines C15M7200 and B2M8200 showed better tolerance, while L.8 and Z21M12200 were the most affected. The results highlight genetic variability and support the utility of PEG testing in the early stages of breeding programs for the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes.
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    Breeding pulses to improve adaptive traits under conditions of general warming
    (CEP USM, 2024) Sichkar, Vyacheslav; Lavrova, Halyna
    The importance of leguminous crops as a source of high-quality protein, macroand microelements, dietary fiber, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants is substantiated. Their significant positive role in maintaining high soil fertility due to biological nitrogen fixation is shown. Methods of breeding of soybean, pea and chickpea at the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute are described. The characteristics of the bred varieties by elements of productivity, resistance to adverse abiotic environmental factors, biochemical parameters of seeds are given.
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    Studiul influenței razelor X asupra genotipurilor de soia
    (CEP USM, 2024) Malii, Aliona
    The analysis of the impact of X-rays on soybean plants revealed a negative correlation between radiation dose and survival rate. The optimal mutation induction doses are up to 200 Gy for the Laduța variety and Z3M10100 line, while for the Clavera variety, this dose is limited to 150 Gy. Each genotype demonstrated variability in response to X-rays, suggesting different levels of tolerance. The height of the plants significantly decreased with increasing radiation doses, highlighting adverse effects on development. Controls, with no exposure, showed 100% survival, thus emphasizing the need for caution in using radiation in breeding research.
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    Activitatea respiratorie în nodozităţile unor soiuri de soia (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) pe fondal de deficit hidric
    (CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Bîrsan, Ana; Iacubuță, Maria; Guțu, Costel
    Activitatea respiratorie a nodozităților și parametrii cantitativi de importanță fiziologică a unor soiuri de soia (numărul, biomasa proaspătă și uscată, conținutul de apă) au fost determinați la opt soiuri autohtone de Glycine max. S-a stabilit că menținerea activității respiratorii a rizobacteriilor din nodozități în condiții de deshidratare corelează pozitiv cu conținutul mai înalt de apă în celulele nodozităților, în timp ce intensitatea respirației în noduli depinde de activitatea rizobacteriilor și variază semnificativ și distinct la genotipurile cu productivitate și rezistență diferită la stresul hidric.