2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/13419
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Item Fenologia înfloririi plantelor melifere perene din Republica Moldova(CEP USM, 2024) Dragoman, Iurii; Caisîn, Larisa; Chisnicean, LiliaThis study addressed the issue of nectar scarcity during certain periods. A proposal was made to establish a melliferous conveyor composed of plant species with high economic and apicultural potential, each with different blooming periods. The study identified perennial melliferous plant species with the highest nectar productivity and selected those most frequently visited by bees. The blooming periods of these selected species were determined, and the factors influencing their blooming times were analyzed. Based on this data, a phenological calendar was developed, which can be used to predict the blooming periods of melliferous plants and plan activities in the apiary accordingly.Item Assessment of correlation and path analysis in collection’s genotypes of chickpea(CEP USM, 2024) Curshunji, DmitriTwenty three collection genotypes of chickpea were evaluated for 10 components of yield (3 phenological and 7 plant data) on grain yield per plant. Investigation was carried out on field of Institution in 2022-2023. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationship by characters: days taken to flowering and maturity, primary and secondary branches per plant and 100 grain weight with grain yield. Highly negative correlation with yield had component grain per pod. Path analysis revealed direct effect on yield following components: highest effect had character 100 grain weight (0.833) followed by pods per plant (0.562), days to flowering (0.362), primary branches per plant (0.192) and secondary branches per plant (0.074). Highest negative direct effect on yield had character grain per pod (-0.881) followed by grain per plant (-0.593), days taken to maturity (-0.106). Grain per plant was formed mainly on basis 6 components by indirect effects.Item Aprecierea materialului inițial de ameliorare de salvie la indicii cantitativi ai uleiului esenţial(CEP USM, 2024) Cotelea, Ludmila; Balmuş, Zinaida; Butnaraş, VioletaAs a result of the evaluation of the initial breeding material for the quantitative indices of the essential oil, it was demonstrated that 72.5% of the number of evaluated hybrids synthesized, accumulated more than 1.0% essential oil recalculated to the dry matter; 21.6% of these hybrids demonstrated high essential oil content – 1.4-2.7% (dry matter). Exceptional were 2 simple hybrids, (Cr.p. 99 S13 x AP 52-11 S3)F2 and (AP 49-11 S3 x NC 61-11 S3)F2 with 2.611 and 2.703%. The initial improvement material, with a high content of essential oil, will be used in the development of new varieties of hybrid origin.Item Storage potential of flax (Linum usitatissimum l.) samples - an indicator of seed longevity during ex situ conservation(CEP USM, 2024) Corlateanu, Liudmila; Мihaila, Victoria; Ganea, Anatolie; Сutitaru, DoinaThe article examines the effectiveness of the accelerated seed aging method for assessing the storage potential of flax samples for ex situ conservation in active genetic bank collections. The use of this method, which involves incubation of seeds at high temperature and humidity, allows the effects of unfavourable environmental factors to be adequately modelled and their influence on seed stability to be predicted. Various morphophysiological and biochemical parameters were used to determine the storage potential of seeds in order to predict their successful storage in the plant genome bank. Flax samples with high storage potential were identified. The data obtained indicate that the accelerated seed aging test allows the evaluation of differences in resistance between different varieties of important crop species.Item Evaluarea soiurilor locale de porumb pentru rezistentă la Fusarium spp.(CEP USM, 2024) Bâlici, ElenaThe article presents the results of the evaluation of local corn varieties for resistance to ear rot fusariosis. The correlation of the degree of fusarium attack with the reduction of humidity was determined. The results of biometric studies of the main parameters of the varieties' productivity are presented, and their relationship with the period of ear ripening was determined. The infestation of ears with fusarium was identified by visually distinguishable symptoms of the disease during harvesting (prevalence, %). As a result of the studies, a classification of the collection samples was carried out according to susceptibility to the disease, and the variety.Item Evaluarea și selectarea liniilor consangvinizate de perspectivă la specia Salvia sclarea l.(CEP USM, 2024) Balmuş, Zinaida; Cotelea, Ludmila; Butnaraş, VioletaThe importance of aromatic and medicinal plants is determined by the multiple uses of the essential oil in medicine, perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, food etc. For this reason, research was focused on the diversification of the initial breeding material, the improvement of the assortment of hybrids and cultivars. Genetics and breeding, as well as creation of new cultivars and hybrids is a continuous process. Each newly approved, patented cultivar is more efficient than the previous ones. In the essential oil separated from the inflorescences of the inbred line AP 97-11 S6, according to the results obtained, identified 11 components, harvesting as major compounds linalyl acetate, 74,751% and linalool, 16.893%.Item Efficiency of in vitro androgenesis in anther culture of bread winter wheat (2021-2023)(CEP USM, 2024) Shestopal, Оksana; Zambriborshch, IrynaAndrogenesis in vitro in the anther culture of 105 genotypes of soft winter wheat of different genetic origin was studied. Differences regarding the frequency of callusogenesis induction (from 0.17 to 21.25 percent of planted anthers) and the ability to regenerate plants (from 0 to 4.94 percent of planted anthers) were found. The dihaploid lines in anther culturefor almost 50% of the studied genotypes were obtained. Spontaneous diploidization averaged 33.73 % of the obtained regenerants. 168 dihaploid lines of bread winter wheat were obtained.Item Manifestation of heterosis in cucumber F1 hybrids according to yield indicators in the forest-steppe conditions of Ukraine(CEP USM, 2024) Serhiienko, Oksana; Solodovnyk, Lina; Harbovska, Тetiana; Radchenko, LarisaThe conducted research evaluated the effect of heterosis and the degree of dominance of promising hybrid combinations of cucumber. Twenty-eight hybrid combinations were analyzed for four yield traits: total and marketable yield, yield in the first decade of fruiting, marketable percentage, and average fruit weight. It was established that the effect of heterosis varied depending on the combination of crossing and the investigated trait. The trend of a positive relationship between the values of heterosis and the degree of dominance was revealed: an increase in the degree of dominance was accompanied by an increase in the effect of heterosis. The highest heterosis effect was noted in F1 hybrid combinations: RD 96 2-95 × Fen, Mag 62 × RD 96 2-95, Toma-18 × Fora, BD 96-18 × Fen, Ivol D 96 × Fen, Ivol D 96 × Toma-18, Kozyr. Card × Mag-62. These hybrid combinations are a valuable breeding material for increasing yield.Item Correlation of yield with quality indicators for triticum Aestivum l. genotypes(CEP USM, 2024) Pravdziva, Iryna; Shadchyna, TamaraThis article presents correlations between yield and wide range of quality indicators of genotypes Triticum aestivum L. They include physical indicators of grain quality, flour and bread quality indicators as well as rheological properties of dough. A significant influence of growing conditions on the strength and direction of the relationship between yield and grain quality indicators is noted. A number of varieties and breeding lines of winter bread wheat have been identified, which combine in one genotype a higher level of yield with correspondingly high grain quality indicators, which should be used in practical breeding to create new basic material.Item Variabilitatea caracterelor biochimice la soiurile și liniile noi de tomate(CEP USM, 2024) Mihnea, Nadejda; Rusu, Vadim; Rudacova, Angela; Cherdivară, AlaÎn lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele testării a 3 soiuri și 8 linii de tomate pe baza conținutului de substanță uscată, zăharuri, aciditate, vitamina C, licopen și β – caroten în fructe. Datele biochimice ale fructelor de tomate au fost diferențiate – specifică genotipului și caracterului analizat. Prin analiza corelațională (r) a indicilor de calitate a fructelor de tomate s-a demonstrat că pe baza materialului aflat în studiu, pot fi obținute noi genotipuri de tomate cu asociere reușită a caracterelor substanță uscată – aciditate, zahăr – vitamina C, între care a existat o dependență semnificativă: 0,77* și 0,88* (p < 0.05). Analiză clusteriană (k-medii) a făcut posibilă identificarea soiul Dargen și liniei L 304 de tomate cu valori înalte ale caracterelor biochimice (substanță uscată – 6,58%, zaharuri – 3,91%, aciditate – 0,52, vitamina С – 26,68 мг%, licopen – 1,59), care pot fi implementate în programele de ameliorare la crearea soiurilor cu proprietăți gustative înalte.