2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/13419
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Item Protecția integrată a florii-soarelui în agricultura convențională și ecologică în condiții de monocultură în anul 2023(CEP USM, 2024) Paladi, Ion; Voloșciuc, LeonidLipids being always used by humans as a sustainable source of energy, they have always been the basic source of calorie consumption. Vegetable oils and especially olive oils could not cover the market demand, being considered not for the lower class. Only from the second half of the 19th century, when the sunflower became cultivated in Europe, it became a source of vegetable oil accessible to all. The cheap alternative to olive oil, and the proof is the names of the first sunflower variety in Romania, "Măslinica". Inexhaustible source of oil and well-being especially of Eastern Europeans. If since ancient times the main export commodity of the Black Sea basin was wheat, today it is sunflower and wheat, satisfying the demand for vegetable oil generates another demand for organic vegetable oils, after we have satiated we want and healthy.Item Particularitățile protecției integrate a florii-soarelui în condiții de monocultură(CEP USM, 2024) Paladi, Ion; Voloșciuc, LeonidThe importance of the theme is determined by the value of the sunflower as a strategic oil plant. starting from the permanent expansion of the areas sown with sunflowers which reached 385 thousand ha, constituting 23.7% of the total agricultural areas sown. The double exceeding of the norms recommended by the specialists, the deterioration of the phytosanitary status of this culture is recorded. The seriousness of phytosanitary problems caused by the action of harmful organisms on the background of the worsening of the ecological situation determined by the application of pesticides, the need to develop ecologically harmless alternative means and the implementation of integrated plant protection systems becomes increasingly urgent.Item Beneficiile fenomenelor sinergice în protecția plantelor cu aplicarea preparatelor biologice(CEP USM, 2024) Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Stîngaci, Aurelia; Pînzaru, Boris; Samoilova, Anna; Harciuc, Oleg; Zavtoni, Pantelimon; Lungu, Andrei; Crucean, Ștefan; Curiev, Loredana; Chistol, MarelaThe biological protection of plants through various ecological approaches, the significant diversity of the means used (entomophagous organisms, biological preparations, biologically active substances) and their high biological and economic effectiveness, managed to attract substantial attention and gained a high degree of recognition both among the specialists of highly qualified, as well as agricultural producers, regardless of the form of ownership. The effectiveness of applied biological approaches and methods is also increased against the background of the increasing impact of pesticide media and the need to solve ecological problems. On the path to increasing economic efficiency, we have established the benefits of the simultaneous use of two or more biological means.Item PROTECȚIA INTEGRATĂ A FLORII-SOARELUI ÎN AGRICULTURA CONVENȚIONALĂ ȘI ECOLOGICĂ ÎN CONDIȚII DE MONOCULTURĂ ÎN ANUL 2023(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Paladi, Ion; Voloșciuc, LeonidLipids being always used by humans as a sustainable source of energy, they have always been the basic source of calorie consumption. Vegetable oils and especially olive oils could not cover the market demand, being considered not for the lower class. Only from the second half of the 19th century, when the sunflower became cultivated in Europe, it became a source of vegetable oil accessible to all. The cheap alternative to olive oil, and the proof is the names of the first sunflower variety in Romania, "Măslinica". Inexhaustible source of oil and well-being especially of Eastern Europeans. If since ancient times the main export commodity of the Black Sea basin was wheat, today it is sunflower and wheat, satisfying the demand for vegetable oil generates another demand for organic vegetable oils, after we have satiated we want and healthy.Item PARTICULARITĂȚILE PROTECȚIEI INTEGRATE A FLORII-SOARELUI ÎN CONDIȚII DE MONOCULTURĂ(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Paladi, Ion; Voloșciuc, LeonidThe importance of the theme is determined by the value of the sunflower as a strategic oil plant. starting from the permanent expansion of the areas sown with sunflowers which reached 385 thousand ha, constituting 23.7% of the total agricultural areas sown. The double exceeding of the norms recommended by the specialists, the deterioration of the phytosanitary status of this culture is recorded. The seriousness of phytosanitary problems caused by the action of harmful organisms on the background of the worsening of the ecological situation determined by the application of pesticides, the need to develop ecologically harmless alternative means and the implementation of integrated plant protection systems becomes increasingly urgent.Item SĂNĂTATEA PLANTELOR – PLATFORMĂ DE FORTIFICARE A ACIVITĂȚILOR ÎN DOMENIUL FITOSANIAR(CEP USM, 2023) Voloșciuc, LeonidStarting from increasing the impact of phytosanitary agents and deepening the ecological problems caused by their combat, it becomes rational to change the paradigm of the protection of plants with their health. As effective measures in promoting plant health, it is proposed to apply the link between soil, plant and human health, the role and place of GMOs in solving phytosanitary problems, the perspectives of genome editing, the expansion of the implementation of regenerative agriculture. In order to overcome this problem, the paper contains information on the possibilities of application of synergic phenomena in plant protection, the interaction between which provides a significant increase in performance indicators and stability of the system state.Item REOMOLOGAREA PREPARATELOR BIOLOGICE - CALE SIGURĂ DE SOLUȚIONARE A PROBLEMELOR DE PROTECȚIE A PLANTELOR PENTRU AGRICULTURA CONVENȚIONALĂ ȘI ECOLOGICĂ(CEP USM, 2023) Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Pînzaru, Boris; Stîngaci, Aurelia; Zavtoni, Panteleimon; Lungu, A.; Crucean, ȘtefanLarge scale implementation of microbiological preparations ensures combat not only of the noxious insects but also of pathogen agents which cannot be efficiently combated by other means of biological control. The high efficiency of viral, bacterial and mycotic preparations for combating harmful insects was demonstrated in the main groups of agricultural crops which, being applied in optimal conditions against the corresponding phases. In the report the last performances in elaboration of the biotechnologies for production of the microbiological preparations, and improvement of their application technologies in the system for integrated plant protection of different groups of crops and determination of their place in these systems are much discussed. This report presents the results of state registration of 4 preparations (1 viral, 1 bacterial and 2 fungal) for combating of pest insects and phytopathogen agents.Item TESTAREA PREPARATULUI BIOLOGIC SCLEROTSYD® PENTRU PROTECȚIA FLORII SOARELUI DE PUTREGAIUL ALB(CEP USM, 2023) Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Lungu, A.; Pînzaru, Boris; Voloșciuc, LeonidFor the purpose of sunflower's protection from white mold (pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), it was tested biologic preparate Sclerotsyd®. The fungicide was used by spraying the working suspension with subsequent incorporation into the soil. Were used three application rates: 1) Sclerotsyd® - 0.5 l/ha, 2) Sclerotsyd® - 1.0 l/ha, 3) Sclerotsyd ® - 2.0 l/ha, control – without applying any products. The purpose of the research is to test the consumption rates and determine the biological effectiveness of the biological product in the control of sunflower’s root and head white mold. As a result, it was established that the most effective use rate of the biopreparation Sclerotsyd® for suppressing the development of sunflower’s mold and white head mold it is recommended the rate of 2.0 l/ha with a biological efficiency of 86.2-87.0%.Item ROLUL APLICĂRII BIOPREPARATELOR LA REDUCEREA GRADULUI DE ATAC A RAPĂNULUI LA MĂR(CEP USM, 2023) Pînzaru, Boris; Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Lungu, A.; Curiev, L.; Vaculin, GalinaThe agricultural systems used today still face losses caused by phytopathogenic agents, one of them is Venturia inaequalis which can cause 30-50% losses. The world trend is to develop sustainable agricultural systems and replace chemical pesticides with biological pesticides. This paper presents the testing data of the biopreparation Rizoplan and Trichodermină-SC against apple scab. They have been used both separately and in admixture. During the entire vegetation period they provided a high level control of powdery mildew of apple, over 70% on leaf and over 80 on fruits and can be used as a means of protection, the best to use their mixture.Item APRECIEREA ACȚIUNII BIOPREPARATELOR ÎN COMBATEREA FĂINĂRII LA CULTURA DE MĂR(CEP USM, 2023) Pînzaru, Boris; Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Lungu, A.; Curiev, L.; Vaculin, GalinaThe agricultural systems used today still face losses caused by phytopathogenic agents, one of them is Podosphaera leucotricha which can cause 30- 50% losses. The world trend is to develop sustainable agricultural systems and replace chemical pesticides with biological pesticides. This paper presents the testing data of the biopreparation Rizoplan and Trichodermină-SC against powdery mildew of apple. They have been used both separately and in admixture. During the entire vegetation period they provided a high level control of powdery mildew of apple, over 70% and can be used as a means of protection, the best to use their mixture.