2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/13419
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Item Funcționalitatea gametofitului mascul la descendenții plantelor de tomate reinfectate cu virusuri(CEP USM, 2024) Saltanovici, Tatiana; Andronic, Larisa; Antoci, LudmilaThe article discusses the functionality of the male gametophyte in tomato offspring obtained from plants reinfected with Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Tomato Aspermy Virus. It was established that the plants from experimental variants showed specific responses associated with the change of the male gametophyte activity, that allows to the identification of resistant genotypes based on the established variability. According to the results of the ANOVA test, the variability of the pollen viability was primarily influenced by the genotype, which is important for the elucidation of the genetic basis of the reinfected genotypes and their descendants, as well as for breeding works. Genotypes that showed a high level of functionality of the male gametophyte under optimal and stressful conditions were highlighted, which allows their use in further research.Item Identificarea relațiilor dintre parametrii ce contribuie la diferențierea răspunsului tomatelor la deficit hidric(CEP USM, 2024) Mărîi, Liliana; Andronic, Larisa; Sahanovschih, Marionela; Ionașcu-Urechii, AngelaThe study aims to analyze the conventionally associated reactions between different quantitative indices in the formation of the plant's response to drought (PEG 6000) in tomato sprouts. The results indicate a moderate positive correlation between PEG6000 concentration (0, 10, 12%) and seed germination rate in 10 genotypes. A significant decrease in seedling and radicale length (18-67%) was observed under stress conditions, with a stimulation of lateral and adventitious radicale formation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for 9 quantitative indicators in 5 tomato genotypes identified that the first three principal components explain 82.3% of the variability, presenting combinations of traits with diametrically opposite effects, some increasing the variance of the data field and others, on the contrary, decreasing it, thus differentiating the genotypes in the coordinate plane based on their response to optimal conditions or stress as determined by the principal components. This fact allows us to highlight the indicators that are relevant in estimating the genotype's reaction to stress.Item WHEAT VIRUSES DON’T KNOW BORDERS: IDENTIFICATION IN UKRAINE, MOLDOVA AND THEIR IMPACT ON YIELD UNDER GLOBAL WARMING(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Mishchenko, Lidiya; Andronic, Larisa; Rahmatov, Mahbubjon; Molodchenkova, Olga; Armonienė, Rita; Mishchenko, Ivan; Pozhylov, Illia; Motsnyi, Ivan; Dashchenko, AnnaThe early spring of 2024 contributed to emergence of viruses both in Ukraine and in neighboring Moldova. Already in April, wheat plants with signs of virus damage were selected in Vinnytsia and Dnipropetrovsk regions, and almost at the same time in Moldova. In May, the Wheat stripe mosaic virus (WSMV) was also discovered in Poltava. WMSV was detected in both countries, which has a significant epidemic potential, leading to a decrease in yield. In addition, in Ukraine, we continued to observe the manifestation of cold stress due to a daily temperature drop of more than 20ºC, which led to the appearance of symptoms such as purple leaves and the development of chlorotic and yellowish-brown stripes, which are very similar to viral damage. The absence of viruses in such stressed wheat plants has been conclusively proven. A reliable decrease in wheat yield was established not only under the influence of a viral infection, but also in variants with a daily temperature difference in May-June, that is, the phase of emergence into the tube and the beginning of earing.Item EFECTELE TEMPERATURII RIDICATE LA DIFERITE ETAPE ONTOGENETICE ASUPRA UNOR INDICI FENOTIPICI LA PLANTELE DE TOMATE(CEP USM, 2024) Mărîi, Liliana; Andronic, Larisa; Sahanovschih, Marionela; Ionaşcu-Urechii, AngelaThe study aims to investigate the tomato plants response to heat stress applied at the germination and seedling stages, evaluating certain phenotypic parameters in order to highlight possible particularities associated with adaptability to unfavorable environmental conditions. The research included three tomato genotypes with determined stress reactions that were designed into four variants: optimal-optimal, optimal-stress, stress-optimal, and stress-stress. The application of high temperatures at the germination stage significantly affects the subsequent development of tomato plants, resulting in a decrease in the average values of morphological traits compared to optimal conditions variants. The effects of heat stress vary depending on the genotype and the analyzed trait, with certain variants exhibiting specific vulnerabilities. Variance analysis shows that the temperature conditions and the stress application scheme significantly contribute to the variability of morphological traits, with stress at the germination stage having a dominant impact on architectural traits of plants, while genotype becomes the major influencing factor at the seedling stage. The results emphasize the importance of plant adaptability to thermal stress at different developmental stages.Item HERITABILITATEA UNOR CARACTERE AGROMORFOLOGICE LA COMBINAȚIILE HIBRIDE DE ORZ DE TOAMNĂ ÎN DIFERITE CONDIȚII DE AN(CEP USM, 2024) Grigorov, Tatiana; Andronic, Larisa; Smerea, SvetlanaThe aim of our research was to estimate the heritability (h2,%) and genetic advantage (GA, %) of agro-morphological traits of winter barley hybrids forms (Strălucitor x Igri and Ciuluc x Igri) under different years conditions. Evaluation of genotypic variance components reveals high value of h2 (>60%) associated with high (>20%) and moderate GA, % (10-20%) for important traits (plant height, spike length, apical internode length, number of spikelets and ker-plant height, spike length, apical internode length, number of spikelets and ker-number of spikelets and ker-spikelets and kernel per spike, productive tillers per plant, thousand kernel weight) in the 8 productive two-rowed and four-rowed selected hybrids forms. This reflects additive effects in the inheritance of traits, a fact that allowed the efficient selection of interest forms with the potential for use in the further breeding work of winter barley.Item Abordări metodologice de sporire a diversităţii în soluţionarea subiectelor din genetica şi ameliorarea plantelor(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Andronic, LarisaThe classical methodological approaches proposed for solving the objectives of the sub-program „Genetic and biotechnological approaches to the agroecosystems management under climate change” are argued through the prism of the modern methods of inducing genetic variability. To study the functionality of species/genotypes in dependence of environmental conditions it is proposed multivalent genetic, biotechnological, physiological techniques, aimed to develop measures to ensure the sustainability of agrosystems in the conditions of unfavorable environmental factors fluctuation (water restrictions, high temperatures) of crops genotypes with economic interest (winter barley, common wheat, corn, sunflower, tomato, as well as perennials, such as plum and apple). In this order is proposed the methods of inducing genetic variability through physical mutagenesis (ionizing radiation), cellular biotechnologies (gametic selection, in vitro culture of embryos, anthers). The proposed strategies will allow to obtaining and selecting genotypes of autumn barley, common wheat, corn, sunflower with ecological plasticity to ensure the sustainability of agrosystems.Item IMPACTUL INFECȚIILOR VIRALE ASUPRA ACTIVITĂȚII GAMETOFITULUI MASCULIN DE TOMATE(CEP USM, 2023) Saltanovici, Tatiana; Andronic, Larisa; Antoci, Ludmila; Buldumac, AnaReinfection of tomato genotypes with tobacco mosaic virus or tomato aspermia virus results in a change of plant pollen productivity and male gametophyte activity. Under the influence of infection, the specificity of the genotype response for a number of functional traits of the male gametophyte was revealed. Under conditions of primary infection and reinfection, the genotype was a determining factor in the variability of pollen viability, while the change in the size of pollen tubes was mainly determined by the appearance of viruses. As a result of the experiments, two varieties Venets and Rufina were selected for further research, combining a high level of pollen viability and productivity. They testify to a high reproductive capacity of varieties; the combination of these indicators can be used as a tool for the selection of valuable genotypes.Item PARTICULARITĂȚILE RĂSPUNSULUI GENOTIPURILOR DE TOMATE SUB ACȚIUNEA INFECȚIILOR VIRALE ȘI A DESCENDENȚILOR ACESTORA LA STRESUL ABIOTIC(CEP USM, 2023) Mării, Liliana; Andronic, Larisa; Smerea, Svetlana; Rudacova, Angela; Cherdivară, Ala; Rudacov, S.; Sahanovschih, MarionelaThe evaluation of some polyvalent biochemical indicators under optimal conditions and heat or drought highlighted specific aspects if these plants came from parents infected with Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) or Tomato Aspermy Virus (TAV). Thus, depending on the genotype, in both infected plants and their descendants, the POX values were usually higher or lower than the control group. The origin of the plants (control, TMV, TAV) had the largest contribution in the variability of H2O2 and stress for POX, respectively 74,1 and 23,6 %, and the combinations of the factors genotype, stress and origin had a considerable impact on the H2O2 content.