2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/13419
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Item Beneficiile fenomenelor sinergice în protecția plantelor cu aplicarea preparatelor biologice(CEP USM, 2024) Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Stîngaci, Aurelia; Pînzaru, Boris; Samoilova, Anna; Harciuc, Oleg; Zavtoni, Pantelimon; Lungu, Andrei; Crucean, Ștefan; Curiev, Loredana; Chistol, MarelaThe biological protection of plants through various ecological approaches, the significant diversity of the means used (entomophagous organisms, biological preparations, biologically active substances) and their high biological and economic effectiveness, managed to attract substantial attention and gained a high degree of recognition both among the specialists of highly qualified, as well as agricultural producers, regardless of the form of ownership. The effectiveness of applied biological approaches and methods is also increased against the background of the increasing impact of pesticide media and the need to solve ecological problems. On the path to increasing economic efficiency, we have established the benefits of the simultaneous use of two or more biological means.Item Testarea unui preparat pe bază de Bacillus subtilis pentru protecția grâului de toamnă de patogeni(CEP USM, 2024) Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Lungu, Andrei; Pînzaru, BorisThe results of the testing of the biological fungicide based on the bacteria Bacillus subtilis, strain IAB/BS03 to protect the winter wheat variety Moldova-614 from the complex of pathogens in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the IGFPP of MSU. Two preparation rates of consumption were tested: 2 kg/ha and 3 kg/ha. Used once by the spraying method. As a result, the biological efficiency against Bipolaris sorokiniana was 75,0% and 90,0%, Helminthosporium sativum – 83,3% and 89,7%, respectively, fusarium head blight – 86,0%.Item EFICACITATEA TRATĂRII PLANTELOR LA CARTOF CU SUSPENSII DE BACTERII ENTOMOPATOGENE ÎN SINERGIE CU DERIVAȚI AI ACIDULUI PARA-AMINOBENZOIC(CEP USM, 2023) Zavtony, Panteleimon; Stîngaci, Aurelia; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Samoilova, Anna; Goncharuk, Violetta; Lisouskaya, Maria; Mihalichiuk, Al.Researchers from the Republic of Moldova jointly with those from the Republic of Belarus have conducted studies on the growing conditions in 2022 for the "Riviera" potato variety, assessing the influence of the consequences of unfavorable climatic factors on the formation of the photosynthetic potential and productivity of plants, the quantity and quality of the harvest. Thus, after the second decade of May 2022, at the USM's IGFPP potato lot, experiments were mounted according to the scheme: treatment with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivatives 10-2,10-4, 10-6 in complex with Bacillus thuringhiensis cousin. thuringhiensis (1.5x109UCF/ml) and control – water sprinkling in the variants of experiences. Infurrow and foliar treatments were applied to potatoes with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivatives 10-2, 10-4, 10-6 mixed with Bacillus thurigiensis var. thuringiensis. The biological activity of the derivatives of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)10-2, 10-4, 10-6 mol/l was determined in a mixture with Bacillus thuringhiensis var. thuringhiensis (1.5x109UCF/ml) in the experimental batch of potato for the development of biological plant protection products.Item REOMOLOGAREA PREPARATELOR BIOLOGICE - CALE SIGURĂ DE SOLUȚIONARE A PROBLEMELOR DE PROTECȚIE A PLANTELOR PENTRU AGRICULTURA CONVENȚIONALĂ ȘI ECOLOGICĂ(CEP USM, 2023) Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Pînzaru, Boris; Stîngaci, Aurelia; Zavtoni, Panteleimon; Lungu, A.; Crucean, ȘtefanLarge scale implementation of microbiological preparations ensures combat not only of the noxious insects but also of pathogen agents which cannot be efficiently combated by other means of biological control. The high efficiency of viral, bacterial and mycotic preparations for combating harmful insects was demonstrated in the main groups of agricultural crops which, being applied in optimal conditions against the corresponding phases. In the report the last performances in elaboration of the biotechnologies for production of the microbiological preparations, and improvement of their application technologies in the system for integrated plant protection of different groups of crops and determination of their place in these systems are much discussed. This report presents the results of state registration of 4 preparations (1 viral, 1 bacterial and 2 fungal) for combating of pest insects and phytopathogen agents.Item STUDIU EFICACITĂȚII COMPLEXE AL AGENȚILOR BIOLOGICI LA MĂR ȘI CARTOF LA TEMPERATURI RIDICATE(CEP USM, 2023) Stîngaci, Aurelia; Zavtony, Panteleimon; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Samoilova, Anna; Goncharuk, Violetta; Lisouskaya, Maria; Mihalichiuk, Al.Products of microbial origin in combination with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivatives, can be the basis for organic farming and plant resistance to unfavorable environmental factors inducing, as well as for the crop yield increasing. The article presents the results of the study of efficiency of fruit-cultures and potato plantations treatment with aqueous suspensions of entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis with addition of para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives solutions in concentrations 10-2, 10-4, 10-6 mol/l. An increase in the average weight of fruits and tubers and a reduction in disease and insect damage were observed in all variants of the experiment compared to the control. The studied derivatives exhibited higher biological activity at the lower concentration than PABA. The best trial was treatment with a mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki with the addition of an aqueous solution of PABA at concentrations of 10-4 and 10-6 mol/l. It was shown that the use of Bacillus spp. with the addition of the para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives solutions, leads to an improvement in the functional state of plants, contributing to the activation of the active resistance mechanisms to the action of the stress factors. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of using entomopathogenic bacteria in a tank mixture with PABA for the creation of biological preparations as alternatives to pesticides and the development of biological methods of plant protection.Item TESTAREA PREPARATULUI BIOLOGIC SCLEROTSYD® PENTRU PROTECȚIA FLORII SOARELUI DE PUTREGAIUL ALB(CEP USM, 2023) Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Lungu, A.; Pînzaru, Boris; Voloșciuc, LeonidFor the purpose of sunflower's protection from white mold (pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), it was tested biologic preparate Sclerotsyd®. The fungicide was used by spraying the working suspension with subsequent incorporation into the soil. Were used three application rates: 1) Sclerotsyd® - 0.5 l/ha, 2) Sclerotsyd® - 1.0 l/ha, 3) Sclerotsyd ® - 2.0 l/ha, control – without applying any products. The purpose of the research is to test the consumption rates and determine the biological effectiveness of the biological product in the control of sunflower’s root and head white mold. As a result, it was established that the most effective use rate of the biopreparation Sclerotsyd® for suppressing the development of sunflower’s mold and white head mold it is recommended the rate of 2.0 l/ha with a biological efficiency of 86.2-87.0%.Item ROLUL APLICĂRII BIOPREPARATELOR LA REDUCEREA GRADULUI DE ATAC A RAPĂNULUI LA MĂR(CEP USM, 2023) Pînzaru, Boris; Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Lungu, A.; Curiev, L.; Vaculin, GalinaThe agricultural systems used today still face losses caused by phytopathogenic agents, one of them is Venturia inaequalis which can cause 30-50% losses. The world trend is to develop sustainable agricultural systems and replace chemical pesticides with biological pesticides. This paper presents the testing data of the biopreparation Rizoplan and Trichodermină-SC against apple scab. They have been used both separately and in admixture. During the entire vegetation period they provided a high level control of powdery mildew of apple, over 70% on leaf and over 80 on fruits and can be used as a means of protection, the best to use their mixture.Item APRECIEREA ACȚIUNII BIOPREPARATELOR ÎN COMBATEREA FĂINĂRII LA CULTURA DE MĂR(CEP USM, 2023) Pînzaru, Boris; Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Lungu, A.; Curiev, L.; Vaculin, GalinaThe agricultural systems used today still face losses caused by phytopathogenic agents, one of them is Podosphaera leucotricha which can cause 30- 50% losses. The world trend is to develop sustainable agricultural systems and replace chemical pesticides with biological pesticides. This paper presents the testing data of the biopreparation Rizoplan and Trichodermină-SC against powdery mildew of apple. They have been used both separately and in admixture. During the entire vegetation period they provided a high level control of powdery mildew of apple, over 70% and can be used as a means of protection, the best to use their mixture.Item THE USE OF TRICHODERMA SPECIES AGAINST THE MAIN MYCOTIC PATHOGENS OF WALNUT(CEP USM, 2023) Crucean, Ștefan; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Voloșciuc, LeonidWalnut plantations suffer from the impact caused by a number of pathogenic mycotic microorganisms. The most common pathogen fungus is Alternaria alternata and Fusarium poae. In the framework of the research, we aimed to determine the antagonistic activity of the strain Trichoderma harzianum CNMN - FD - 16 against the identified pathogens. Thus, on the 10th day the inhibition of the pathogen A. alternata by T. harzianum is 74%. On the same day, the inhibition of F. poae by T. harzianum is 73%. Trichoderma harzianum suppressed the colonies of A. alternata of 83% - this means 4 points, and the suppression of the colonies of F. poae was 69% - registering 3 points.