Factorii determinanți ai potențialului de export al Republicii Moldova în contextul statutului de țară candidată la UE [Articol]

Abstract

This article examines recent export trends in the Republic of Moldova (2020–2025), identifies key natural, socio-economic, technological, legal and geopolitical factors shaping the country’s export capacity amid European Integration, and formulates applied economic policy recommendations. The Republic of Moldova’s export volumes, which peaked at about 4.335 billion USD in 2022, have declined by 12.2% in 2024 compared to 2023. Agriculture remains central (≈45% of exports), but market concentration and low product complexity limit growth. We discuss the theoretical concept of “export potential” and how scale economies and institutional factors affect it. Finally, we propose clear policy measures (e.g.meanigful implementation of theindustrial program, trade facilitation, EU standards) to enhance Moldova’s export potential in the EU accession process.