The complexity and interconnectedness of the challenges faced by individuals and the unpredictability of the resulting opportunities and threats imply the need for citizens to become lifelong learners, to organise their learning, including effective time and information management, both individually and in groups. In the context of today’s changing skills requirements, where more and more jobs are subject to automation, entrepreneurial, social and civic competences are becoming increasingly relevant to ensure resilience and adaptability to change. Investing in skills and competences and a common and up-to-date understanding of key competences is a first step to promote non-formal education, training and learning across Europe.
