Institutul de Cercetări Juridice, Politice şi Sociologie (ICIPS)
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Item ПОВЫШЕНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ РАБОТНИКОВ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ(FEP Tipografia Centrală, 2023) Сосна, Александр; Сосна, БорисÎn materialul prezentat, autorii cercetează probleme actuale ale protecţiei sociale a lucrătorilor prin prisma activităţilor medicale preventive. Controlul medical preliminar şi permanent şi examenul medical sunt principalii factori care sporesc protecţia socială a lucrătorilor. De o importanţă deosebită sunt concluziile şi propunerile prezentate de autori.Item PREVENIREA INFRACȚIUNILOR INFORMATICE CA FUNDAMENT PENTRU GARANTAREA SECURITĂȚII NAȚIONALE(CEP USM, 2024) Bencheci, Marcel; Panfilii, Nicolae; Hîrbu, DianaPreventing cybercrimes is essential for maintaining national security in an increasingly digitalized world. The use of cutting-edge technologies, such as artificial intelligence and intrusion detection systems, is crucial for protecting critical infrastructure. Additionally, updating laws in this field and enforcing strict regulations are essential for deterring and sanctioning cybercrimes. International cooperation on legislation can also improve the efficiency of prevention and combat measures. Raising awareness of risks and protective measures among citizens and employees can prevent many cyberattacks, and cybersecurity awareness and training programs should be prioritized to reduce vulnerabilities. By adopting these measures, cybercrime prevention can become a fundamental pillar of national security, protecting critical infrastructure and ensuring national stability and safety.Item OPȚIUNEA EUROPEANĂ A REPUBLICII MOLDOVA: OPORTUNITĂȚI ȘI CONSTRÂNGERI(Bons Offices, 2024) Juc, VictorItem PRIORITĂȚILE DE SECURITATE NAȚIONALĂ PRIN PRISMA OBIECTIVELOR DE SECURITATE UMANĂ ÎN CONTEXTUL PERSPECTIVEI DE EXTINDERE A UE(Print-Caro, 2024) Sprincean, SergheiPrioritățile de securitate ale Republicii Moldova se modifică substanțial ca rezultat al ultimelor evoluții pe scena teatrului de război dintre Federația Rusă și Ucraina. La fel, un impact important asupra priorităților și imperativelor de securitate ale Republicii Moldova o are procesul de aderare la UE, prin declanșarea procedurii de negocieri bilaterale. Focusarea asupra statelor din Europa de Est, inclusiv Republica Moldova și Ucraina, pentru fortificarea flancului estic al UE este justificată de necesitatea de a rezolva mai întâi cele mai mari discrepanțe și cele mai grave abateri de la asigurarea securității umane, ce au apărut mai ales ca urmare a continuării războiului lansat de Rusia împotriva Ucrai- nei în februarie 2022. Această preocupare pentru consolidarea siguranței personale și a securității umane va deveni actuală pentru întreaga UE dar mai ales pentru statele din Europa de Est în contextul efortului a întregii comunităţi a statelor occidentale pentru a restabili toate sferele vieţii sociale în Ucraina şi în ţările ei vecine în perioada postbelică. Uniunea Europeană astfel extinsă și reînnoită se va putea concentra pe creșterea nivelului standardelor securitare și pe atingerea unor astfel de obiective precum îmbunătățirea asigurării simbiozei securității, sustenabilității mediului de securitate prin facilitarea obținerii beneficiilor sociale, politice și economice de către statele-memebre noi.Item REZILIENȚA SOCIALĂ ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA: ANALIZĂ CALITATIVĂ(CEP USM, 2024) Mocanu, Victor; Mocanu, IonThis qualitative research explores social resilience in the Republic of Moldova, focusing on diverse regional perspectives. The study aims to investigate how individuals and communities perceive and navigate social challenges, utilizing in-depth interviews across various localities including villages, towns, and cities. Through thematic analysis, the research identifies key factors influencing social resilience, such as community cohesion, cultural identity, economic opportunities, and governance practices. Findings highlight the multifaceted nature of resilience and its crucial role in addressing socio-economic uncertainties and fostering sustainable development. The study concludes with implications for policy-making and institutional strategies to strengthen social resilience at regional and national levels, contributing to broader discussions on societal well-being and adaptive capacity.Item ABORDAREA MULTISISTEMICĂ A REZILIENȚEI SOCIALE(CEP USM, 2024) Spătaru, TatianaThe content of the article focuses on how systemic thinking is applied by the most representative academic centers, which provide research tools and methodologies to study resilience in different social systems. Resilience is explained from the perspective of the ability of natural and human systems to recover from adversities at the individual, commentary and global level. Applied research methods include logical reasoning, such as induction and deduction. The review of the most important research centers contributes to a better understanding of the concept development trends and resilience strategies in a holistic framework. The main results obtained have led to the identification of how the systemic analysis of resilience responds to global challenges and suggests the ways of maintaining collective sustainability.Item GARANTAREA CONSTITUȚIONALĂ A RESTRÂNGERII DREPTURILOR FUNDAMENTALE ALE OMULUI CA DIMENSIUNE INERENTĂ SECURITĂȚII JURIDICE(CEP USM, 2024) Iacub, IrinaArticolul cuprinde un studiu succint asupra instituției restrângerii exercițiului drepturilor și libertăților fundamentale ale omului, ca dimensiune inerentă securității juridice, sub aspectul garantării constituționale, alături de alte instituții juridice asemănătoare. În principal, este analizat conținutul art. 54 din Constituția Republicii Moldova, care în timp ce interzice suprimarea și diminuarea drepturilor omului, permite restrângerea exercițiului acestora în cazuri și condiții strict stabilite. Scopul urmărit privește clarificarea principalelor reguli constituționale de care trebuie să țină cont atât legiuitorul, cât și practicianul dreptului atunci când recurge la restrângerea exercițiului drepturilor omului, pentru a preveni astfel subminarea, diminuarea și încălcarea acestor valori supreme într-un stat de drept.Item SINERGIA DINTRE CULTURA ORGANIZAȚIONALĂ, MOTIVAȚIA ECHIPEI ȘI SCHIMBARE: FUNDAMENTE PENTRU REZILIENȚA INSTITUȚIONALĂ(CEP USM, 2024) Ceacîr, IrinaThis research investigates the interplay between organizational culture, team motivation, and change management as foundational elements for institutional resilience. It aims to understand how these factors interact to create a resilient organization capable of adapting to rapid and unpredictable changes. The study explores the concept of organizational culture, its influence on employee behavior, and its role in facilitating change. Team motivation is examined through various theories, highlighting its impact on performance and innovation. The research also delves into change management strategies and their relationship to organizational culture and motivation. Key findings suggest that a strong, positive organizational culture is essential for fostering team motivation and successful change management. By aligning organizational values with employee needs and promoting a culture of innovation, organizations can enhance their resilience. The study recommends that organizations invest in developing a culture that values collaboration, transparency, and employee growth. Additionally, effective change management strategies should involve clear communication, employee involvement, and learning from past experiences. In essence, this research underscores the interconnectedness of organizational culture, team motivation, and change management, and provides valuable insights for organizations seeking to build resilience in today’s dynamic business environment.Item Studying the consolidation of society in Ukraine during the war(Editura USM, 2024) Liseienko, ElenaThis study examines the consolidation of Ukrainian society, which has been confronted with Russian military threats since 2014. Highlighting the role of cultural factors in this process allows for a deeper under-standing of ideological underpinnings of both collective and individual consciousness, as well as the behav-ioral patterns within ethnocultural and national contexts, which have enabled Ukrainians to mount a heroic resistance against Russia’s aggression. A detailed analysis of the characteristics and trends in the consolida-tion of Ukrainian society draws on data from the annual sociological monitoring conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU) since 1992 and surveys conducted by the Sociological Group “Rating” in 2022.Item Reziliența ca resursă sociopsihologică de consolidare a capitalului uman și social(Editura USM, 2024) Gaşper, LuciaThe article focuses on the phenomenon of resilience and offers a comprehensive view of research in the field of social psychology. It highlights the particularities of the socio-cultural context in the current period and how this influences individuals' ability to cope with adversity. The study's findings show that personal traits such as a strong personality, a positive attitude, and optimism are key factors in developing resilience. The article also discusses the impact of social factors: family ties, kinship, friendship circles, and the charac-teristics of the living environment, which significantly contribute to supporting and strengthening resilience. The interaction between personal and social factors in the context of contemporary challenges is emphasized.Item Sursele de insecuritate în societatea post pandemie(Editura USM, 2024) Pascaru, AnaThe subject of scientific research that highlights the need to know the sources of insecurity in the challenges of contemporary society. Challenges that break the usual boundaries of society, thanks to the open-ings of the Information Era, pandemic and post pandemic once. Openings whose opportunities facilitate the ascendancy of challenges in general and the sources of insecurity in particular in society. A tachonomy of the sources of insecurity is also undertaken, from the availability of societal institutions, the legal framework, the relationship between the internal and external factors to the mechanisms of legal framing of net-working net-works. While the particularities of the sources of insecurity in the developing society are identified with the case of the Republic of Moldova.Item Consolidarea rezilienței comunitare(Editura USM, 2024) Spătaru, TatianaThe content of the article focuses on elucidating the objectives related to strengthening resilience in managing community risks. The emerging development of the concept of resilience is a response to the in-creasingly common and severe disturbances that occur as a result of climatic changes, the diminution of nat-ural resources, biodiversity disappearance, pandemic, security crises, etc. The modern world is becoming more and interdependent, and the complexity of the challenges requires interdisciplinary and scientifically argued solutions. Communities are not always ready to manage the risks, reacting fragmentary to threats. Community risk management practices must evolve towards strengthening resilience strategies. The theoreti-cal approach is argued by the empirical data, obtained from the accomplishment of the sociological research in April 2024, in the territorial-administrative units of the Republic of Moldova. The application of focus groups and in-depth interviews has outlined the dimensions of resilience perception by managers in managing community risks. Based on the sociological interpretations, conclusions and recommendations were formu-lated.Item Protecția socială a persoanelor cu dizabilități prin consolidarea rezilienței sociale(Editura USM, 2024) Malcoci, LudmilaThe author examines the social protection of persons with disabilities in the Republic of Moldova from the perspective of a human rights-based approach and a new paradigm. This paradigm emphasizes that equi-table social protection for persons with disabilities, aimed at preventing discrimination and promoting social inclusion, involves: (a) ensuring income security to access necessary goods and services, (b) covering disabil-ity-related extra costs and facilitating support access, (c) providing access to healthcare, including disability-related medical care and rehabilitation, and (d) improving access to life-cycle services such as childcare, education, vocational training, and employment support. The literature review and analysis of statistical data indicate that despite significant efforts over the past 14 years since the ratification of the UNCRPD to develop and implement an inclusive legal framework, persons with disabilities in Moldova still face limited income security and restricted access to social and community-based mainstream services. The situation is exacer-bated during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic or the Ukrainian refugee crisis. Key research findings include: Moldova's disability determination system is shifting from a medical to a social model, but the transition is incomplete. Increased documentation requirements and limited infor-mation have made access to disability determination services more difficult, especially for those with severe disabilities and rural inhabitants. Social protection measures are inadequate and fail to address the diverse needs of individuals with various disabilities, affecting their eligibility for social assistance. Despite having a supportive legal framework, Moldova lacks a national program for integrated social services, with many ser-vices failings to meet quality standards. Individuals with disabilities face reduced access to health and educa-tion services due to poor infrastructure, insufficient resources, and a lack of inclusive policies. The pandemic worsened these access issues, particularly affecting benefits and services for those with severe disabilities, even though temporary government measures were implemented. To ensure equitable social protection for persons with disabilities, the author recommends: estimating minimum income and social protection needs and developing a national program for integrated social services with quality standards and trained personnel; collecting and analyzing data on access and barriers to health services, ensuring physical and informational accessibility, confidentiality, and support services; integrating disability aspects into education indicators and revising inclusive education funding mechanisms, providing educational support services, accessible infrastructure and equipment, and training for educators and school management; enforcing mandatory employment quotas for persons with disabilities, offering complementary incentives, rehabilitation, career guidance, vocational training, and workplace support services; and incor-porating disability considerations into emergency situations and disaster risk management laws and policies.Item Rezultatele cercetării interviurilor individuale aprofundate la subiectul rezilienței sociale și capitalului uman, 2024(Editura USM, 2024) Potoroacă, MihailThe research presents the results obtained after conducting 79 in-depth interviews in urban and rural localities in the Republic of Moldova on the subject of social resilience and human capital. The study investi-gates the role of individual and community resources, educational attainment, health, civic engagement, and social networks in fostering resilience. As a main hypothesis, we propose the thesis that the Republic of Moldova will show a greater degree of societal resilience in periods of crisis and social transformation, when human capital is developed. If we talk about the problems of the citizens of the Republic of Moldova, the participants in the inter-view most often mentioned low salaries and low pensions. The biggest dangers perceived by the interview participants related to the state of the Republic of Moldova are those that originate in the war in the neigh-boring country: A possible military conflict, Hybrid war, Loss of independence of the Republic of Moldova. More than half of the study participants mentioned that leaders contribute to the development of their communities. In the view of the participants of the study, the people who consider themselves to be in the role of leader in the society of the Republic of Moldova reach this role through different ways, some of them not always integral and by merit. Sometimes people who do not have the necessary qualities are promoted, and this fact leads to the stagnation of the development of the Republic of Moldova. Most of the participants indicated the support from family members as a source of support in times of crisis, others show that citizens of the Republic of Moldova are helped by mutual support and solidarity be-tween community members. In the view of the respondents, they provide support, mitigate the effects of social stress and improve individual and collective resilience.Item Dezvoltarea învăţământului un factor important pentru rezilienţa socială(Editura USM, 2024) Mocanu, AngelaFor a long period of time, the problem of sustainable development remains a very ongoing one both globally and within each individual country. Every country looks forward to having lasting societal resilience, not rapid socioeconomic development that could have unpredictable repercussions. In order to achieve it, first of all, there is a need for a detailed conceptualization of the notion of social resilience, which would include all spheres of social-economic life. The current transformation trends can only have a resilient finality for society if reforms are made in the field of the education system. In this context, we would like to mention the high mobility of capital and labor and the high competition; accelerating the pace of development of society, which results in the need to prepare people for life in a rapidly changing society; the transition to a post-industrial information society, where intercultural interaction expands significantly. In such conditions, the education system is the main link that would help citizens to adapt to the demands of the new information society.Item Contextul politic și social al dezvoltării antreprenoriatului social în Republica Moldova(Eitura USM, 2024) Malcoci, Ludmila; Mocanu, VictorThe article provides a detailed analysis of the political and social context of social entrepreneurship development in the Republic of Moldova. The authors emphasize the importance of this type of entrepreneur-ship in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through innovative approaches to social and environmental challenges. Major constraints to entrepreneurship development are highlighted, such as the undeveloped policy framework, limited access to finance and low human resource capacities. The population's positive perceptions of social enterprises are also mentioned, although knowledge about the products and services offered by them remains low. The existing legal framework, although it regulates the activity of social enterprises, is considered incomplete and inconsistent. Social entrepreneurship is seen as a solution to social and environmental problems, contributing to the creation of quality jobs and social cohesion. Although there are multiple challenges, the opportunities offered by social entrepreneurship for sustainable development and social innovation are significant. The authors suggest the need for increased support from the authorities and better public information in order to fully harness the potential of social entrepreneurship in Moldova.Item Consolidarea rezilienței sociale prin valorificarea capitalului uman: perspective regionale și naționale. desfășurarea cercetării în focus-grupuri(Editura USM, 2024) Mocanu, IonThe research presents the results obtained after conducting 9 focus groups in urban and rural locali-ties in the Republic of Moldova on the subject of social resilience and human capital. The study investigates the role of individual and community resources, educational attainment, health, civic engagement, and social networks in fostering resilience. The respondents gave their opinion on the major concerns and problems faced by the citizens of the Republic of Moldova, both at the local and regional level. Most respondents highlighted the importance of continuing education and training to improve the knowledge level of the community. Several responses emphasize the importance of returning young people to the community to contribute to its develop-ment. There is an urgent need for reforms in the health system to improve the health status of the population. From the answers received, the idea emerges that access to the top of the social hierarchy is closely related to political and social connections. There are localities where people are active and involved in solving commu-nity problems, and others where this involvement is less or even absent. We also aimed to research the common factors for the investigated localities that contribute to the population's resistance to social stress and crisis situations.Item Consolidarea rezilienței sociale în Republica Moldova: abordări teoretico-metodologice(Editura USM, 2024) Mocanu, VictorThis study examines the dynamics of social resilience in Moldova amidst ongoing economic, political, and environmental challenges. Aiming to identify key factors that enhance individual and community resili-ence, the research explores how Moldovan citizens perceive and respond to socio-economic difficulties. Uti-lizing a mixed-methods approach, including focus groups and in-depth interviews, the study investigates the role of individual and community resources, educational attainment, health, civic engagement, and social net-works in fostering resilience. The findings reveal significant variations in resilience levels across different social and regional groups and highlight the crucial impact of social capital and adaptive strategies in miti-gating the effects of adversity. The research contributes to the development of policy recommendations for strengthening societal resilience and promoting sustainable and inclusive development in Moldova.Item Integration of Ukraine into the eu and the problems of self-identification of ukrainian refugees(Editura USM, 2024) Podshyvalkina, ValentynaThe section discusses the types of strategies for refugees' stay in the country of temporary resettlement and substantiates the phenomenon of transitivity of Ukrainian refugees' identities. The study used individual and group interviews. Twenty-four women aged 30 to 60 years took part in two stages of the study. The prin-ciples and methods of the so-called "grounded theory" were used to analyze the data. We identified and described four strategies for choosing a place of temporary resettlement: rational choice taking into account circumstances and opportunities, random or intuitive choice, largely rational choice, but under the influence of random factors, and largely random, intuitive choice, but with rational consideration of individual factors. We also identified two main categories of migrant identities - Ukrainian citizenship and gender identity. In addition, we described two groups of criteria for the personal self-catego-rization of refugees: resource criteria, such as material opportunities, linguistic and legal competence, and personal criteria, such as activity, independence and emotionality. We also considered the resource-personal basis of the transit self-categorization of Ukrainian refu-gees. Future research may provide a broader sample of the influence of social and autobiographical context on attitudes towards temporary resettlement to another country, as well as the direction and intensity of atti-tudes towards the integration of Ukrainian refugees into Latvian society.
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