2. Articole

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    Agenția achiziții publice și rolul acesteia în cadrul procedurilor de achiziție publică în Republica Moldova
    (CEP USM, 2024) Cârnaț, Teodor; Postolachi, Oxana
    Constituția Republicii Moldova [1], în special articolele 4, 15, 16 și 23, stabilește principiile- cheie care servesc drept ghid pentru Ministerul Finanțelor în elaborarea și aplicarea legilor referitoare la achizițiile publice. Aceste orientări subliniază cât de crucial este să se garanteze că achizițiile publice au un cadru legal clar, eficient și funcțional, printre altele prin coordonarea acestuia cu standardele internaționale, directivele Uniunii Europene privind achizițiile publice și legile naționale. Formularea și promovarea politicii de stat în acest domeniu este o responsabilitate fundamentală a Ministerului Finanțelor. În acest caz, politica publică a statului urmează să fie implementată de Agenția Achiziții Publice, care este subordonată Ministerului de Finanțe. Obiectivele principale ale procedurii sunt de a garanta respectarea protocoalelor de asigurare și analizarea sistemului de servicii publice.
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    Aspecte de drept comparat privind persoanele dispărute şi familiile acestora
    (CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Cojocaru, Violeta
    Analysis of the iCRC database demonstrates that when the state adopts laws relating to missing and enforced disappearances, they do not always differentiate between the two legal frameworks, exemplifying the convergence of obligations derived from IHL and international human rights law. The laws under review do not address “missing persons” as all those who have disappeared in connection with an armed conflict (the IHL treaty law approach) or all those who have been reported missing (the ICRC approach). When they are legible in the case of armed conflicts, states select certain time frames, which may lead to discrimination or exclusion of missing persons, depending on the time frame of the authority.
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    Reflecţii privind dreptatea şi echitatea
    (CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Mărgineanu, Valentin
    It is demonstrated that justice and equity are not just legal categories, but have a pronounced social and ethical character, which is why the law cannot monopolize justice and equity. Through the lens of these categories, an external assessment of the state’s actions and the content of the law is carried out. The main ways of conceptually approaching of justice and equity are analyzed. The idea that fundamental human rights can only be realized through justice and equity is upheld. A distinction is made between legal justice, social justice and individual justice. The concrete forms of expressing the justice and equity are examined in the positive national law of the Republic of Moldova.
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    Concepţiile moderne cu privire la aplicarea pedepsei
    (CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Ciobanu, Igor; Cotruţă, Artur; Negruţă, Ana
    Modern conceptions of punishment bring back the retributive ideas of criminal sanctions. This time, retribution no longer appears as a revenge of society against the criminal, as a brutal robbery with him, but as an equal weighing of the two factors, deed and guilt, on the one hand, and punishment, on the other. Suffering, the essence of punishment, must be met with a justly proportionate application of the punishment. Promoting modern conceptions of punishment does not mean returning to the idea of blind revenge on the part of society, to causing irrational suffering only to frighten the criminal and those around him. The idea of retribution, of recompense for the committed deed, does not mean a robbery up to the physical elimination of the perpetrator, but, in a modern vision, it means a rational reaction of society to his antisocial acts.
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    Dilema modernizării și construcția credibilității
    (CEP USM, 2024) Ciobanu, Rodica
    The content of this article formulates questions on the wide reform processes that the Republic of Moldova has gone through in the context of its reform and modernization initiatives. The questions addressed outline some processes and reasons that reveal potential directions of analysis and propose solutions in order to maintain progress towards good governance, protection of the individual, and efficiency of law. In this context, the law is seen as an instrument capable of contributing to socio-political stability and responding to the challenges of digitization and globalization.
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    Precizări referitoare la abordările specifice ale instituţiei protecţiei drepturilor copilului în dreptul internaţional umanitar
    (Complexul Editorial INCE, 2017-09-21) Zaharia, Virginia
    Odată cu adoptarea Convenţiei privind drepturile copilului din 1989, societatea internaţională a recunoscut necesitatea de a acorda protecţie specială copiilor în virtutea imaturităţii lor fizice şi mintale. În termenii Convenţiei privind drepturile copilului, prin copil se înţelege orice fiinţă umană sub vârsta de 18 ani, exceptând cazurile în care legea aplicabila copilului stabileşte limita majoratului sub această vârstă (art.1). Efortul întregii omeniri la momentul de faţă este îndreptat spre realizarea unui cadru normativ viabil în materia protecţiei copiilor afectaţi de conflictele armate. În acest sens, dreptul internaţional umanitar are la bază două principii fundamentale: principiul distincţiei combatanţilor de persoanele civile şi doctrina aplicării proporţionale a forţei. Drepturile copiilor în conflictele armate pot fi mai eficient realizate odată cu satisfacerea următoarelor condiţii: drepturile sunt cuprinse în actele normative internaţionale cu caracter regional şi universal, precum şi în tratatele internaţionale locale; drepturile sunt reflectate şi strict determinate în legislaţia naţională şi au mecanisme efective de aplicare şi executare; drepturilor respective le corespund toate celelalte elemente componente ale instituţiei protecţiei drepturilor copilului în război (obligaţiile altor subiecţi, garanţiile etc.); drepturile sunt reflectate în legi prin posibilitatea prestabilită de alegere dintre multitudinea mijloacelor rezultative de protecţie.
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    Respectarea drepturilor străinilor: relații de cooperare RM-UE
    (Print-Caro, 2023-03-15) Postolachi, Oxana
    In the field of legal regulations, human rights on the background of universal realities become rights of citizens on the plane of internal realities. In this regard, every person has rights and freedoms inherent to the human being (social, economic, civil, cultural and political) in the state of which he is a citizen. Foreign citizens and stateless persons have the same rights and duties as citizens of the Republic of Moldova, with the exceptions established by law. The article in question concerns the rights of foreigners on the territory of the Republic of Moldova in the context of the intention of the Republic of Moldova to join the EU. All citizens of the Republic of Moldova are equal before the law and public authorities, regardless of race, nationality, ethnic origin, language, religion, sex, opinion, political affiliation, wealth or social origin. Their legal status is established by the legislation in force and the international agreements to which the Republic of Moldova is a party, respectively, benefiting from rights and freedoms without harming the state's interests, rights and interests legitimate rights of citizens of the Republic of Moldova and other persons.
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    Respect of rule of law and human right as main condition for moldavian europenisation
    (Print-Caro, 2023-03-15) Mercuș, Radu
    Respect the right you respect a law, nowadays is condition for all the states that have committed themselves by signing and perfom the rights of the population into reality today, is the only method we will live in a normal social order. The right for something common in a democratic society a natural action when you want to act in a way or to access the various services such as the right to information, the right to education, the right to freedom and safety, the right to freedom of expression or the right to a fair trial in most conventions, treaties, international agreements that most European states have committed to respect, promote and sanction for their violation. The European Union was created with as its concept objective for the respect of human rights, democracy and respect for the law as well as civil, economic, social and cultural rights, the commitment to promote and respect the rights of all people even if they are from certain fields such as technology, telecommunications, investments. , industry, trade etc The promotion of social economic values or cultural objects in the fight against non-discrimination depending on certain criteria that differentiates the person being vulnerable to those external factors therefore and the motto of the European Union unity through diversity assumes that we are all different, we have different concepts of life, cultural and religious affiliation. or ethnically different which involves effort on the part of the European community through the institutions created to adopt normative acts to which the state must implement sanctions for non-compliance. The abolition of sanctions such as torture, inhuman or degrading treatment as well as the death penalty is an objective assumed by respecting human rights, is the European Union, more exactly the member state, committing to respect and promote them.
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    Правовое регулирование социальной защиты
    (2016) Сосна, Александр; Цуркан, Р.
    В представленном материале авторы анализируют применение законов, регулирующих социальное обеспечение. Актуальным является то, что при исследовании норм, регулирующих социальное обеспечение, выявлены некоторые противоречия и коллизии в действующем законодательстве, Важным является то, что авторы предлагают дополнения в действующие нормы, регулирующие социальное обеспечение.
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    Правовая природа договора оптовой купли-продажи в законодательстве республики Молдова
    (2015) Сосна, Александр; Арсени, Игорь
    В настоящей статья авторами исследуются основные особенности право-вой природы и правового регулирования договора оптовой купли-продажи товаров в законодательстве Республики Молдова, а так же приводятся отличительные черты договора оптовой купли-продажи товаров от договора поставки товаров.