2. Articole
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Item Obiectul infracțiunii prevăzute la art. 168 din Codul Penal(CEP USM, 2024) Guidea, PetruÎn acest studiu sunt analizate semnele obiectului infracțiunii de muncă forțată, care este prevăzută la art. 168 din Codul Penal al Republicii Moldova. După determinarea obiectului juridic general și a obiectului juridic generic, este stabilit obiectul juridic de subgrup al infracțiunii de muncă forțată. Această din urmă categorie are conotații teoretice, facilitând reliefarea obiectului juridic special al infracțiunii prevăzute la art. 168 din Codul Penal al Republicii Moldova. În continuare sunt determinate valorile sociale care formează obiectul juridic principal și obiectul juridic secundar al infracțiunii analizate. Investigația se încheie cu dezvăluirea conținutului obiectului imaterial și a caracteristicilor victimei infracțiunii prevăzute la art. 168 din Codul Penal al Republicii Moldova.Item Analiza materialelor științifice privind răspunderea penală pentru munca forțată(CEP USM, 2024) Guidea, PetruIn this article, in a chronological sequence, the main doctrinal sources from the Republic of Moldova are analyzed, in which the offense of forced labor (art. 168 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova) is analyzed. The analysis shows that the doctrinaires pay attention to the constitutive elements and the aggravating circumstances of the offense in question. In particular, the following are analyzed: the generic juridical object; special juridical object; material object; victim; the structure and content of the prejudicial act; moment of consumption; the form of guilt and the type of intention; the motive of the offense; the qualities of the subject of the offense. Also, the criteria for delimiting the offense of forced labor in relation to other offenses are examined (in particular, to the crimes provided by the art. 165, 1651, 167 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova). There are studied international and national normative acts that contain reference provisions for art. 168 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. Contradictions and divergences between different doctrinal points of view are highlighted.Item Analiza materialelor științifice privind răspunderea penală pentru munca forțată, publicate în străinătate(CEP USM, 2024) Botnarenco, Mihaela; Guidea, PetruPentru a percepe natura juridică a infracţiunii de muncă forțată, pot fi luate în considerare cercetările realizate de către: C.-E. Cristea, C. Olaru și I. Ristea (România); M. D. Jdan, T. O. Mihailicenko, A. Orlean, O. O. Oropai și Iu. Iu. Zabuga (Ucraina); A. V. Andreev, I. T. Idrisov, N. T. Idrisov și N. Iu. Tetereatnikov (Federația Rusă). La delimitarea muncii forțate de faptele asemănătoare (sclavie, traficul de ființe umane săvârșit în scopul exploatării prin muncă etc.) se referă: I. T. Idrisov, N. T. Idrisov, T. O. Mihailicenko, A. Orlean și Iu.Iu. Zabuga. Pentru a identifica înțelesul noțiunii de muncă forțată, este util să luăm în considerare definițiile acestei noțiuni, care sunt formulate de către C.-E. Cristea, I. T. Idrisov, N. T. Idrisov, T. O. Mihailicenko și Iu.Iu. Zabuga.Item Infracţiunea de trafic de fiinţe umane – baze teoretice(CEP USM, 2024) Soltan, VadimEvery year, millions of men, women and children are trafficked around the world in conditions equivalent to slavery. Of these people, thousands are young women and girls lured, kidnapped or sold into forced prostitution and other forms of sexual servitude. The relevance of the article consists in the study carried out on the analysis of the definition of the crime of trafficking in human beings, by studying the international legislation in force, as well as the national one; the involvement of international organizations regarding the eradication of human trafficking; the factors that cause people to become victims of traffickers; but also the efforts undertaken by the Republic of Moldova, through the institutions that have competences in the field of eradicating human trafficking.Item UNELE ASPECTE DE DREPT COMPARAT ALE REGLEMENTARII RĂSPUNDERII PENALE PENTRU MUNCA FORŢATA(CEP USM, 2021) Guidea, PetruThe object of this study is the analysis of the criminal legislation of several states on the regulation of forced labor. As a conclusion, there is no consensus on the regulation of forced labor in various criminal laws. In some legislation there are incriminating norms of nomen iuris type regarding forced labor (Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, Criminal Code of France, Criminal Code of Romania, Criminal Code of Azerbaijan, etc.). In other laws forced labor describes the objective side of rules that criminalize human exploitation (Criminal Code of Sweden, Criminal Code of Lithuania), or implicitly emerges from the content of norms set in sections dedicated to the protection of workers’ rights (Criminal Code of Spain). At the same time, it is found that not all states have provided criminal liability for forced labor, although in most laws, is criminalized human trafficking (trafficking in human beings / trafficking in children) for the purpose of exploitation through forced labor. At the same time, all states enshrine the right to work and prohibit forced labor through extra-criminal rules.Item UNELE REPERE CU PRIVIRE LA MUNCA FORŢATĂ (REGLEMENTĂRI NAȚIONALE ȘI INTERNAŢIONALE)(Tipografia Print-Caro, 2021-05-21) Romandaș, NicolaeIn this article, a comprehensive analysis of the subject of forced labor through national and international legislation was made. In particular, reference was made to the ILO Conventions, the European Convention on Human Rights, etc. An interpretation of the concept of forced labor has been made, which combines several elements and, as a result, the difference between the notion of compulsory labor and that of forced labor has been established to prove the existence of forced labor. Also, the reasons for the imposition of forced labor and the cases attributed by the labor legislation to the concept of forced labor, including the work of minors were commented on.Item REGLEMENTĂRI PRIVIND APLICAREA UNOR PRINCIPII CE VIZEAZĂ DREPTUL FUNDAMENTAL LA MUNCĂ(S.C. Elan-Poligraf SRL, 2017) Romandaș, NicolaeAlong with other branches of law, labor law also has certain guiding ideas, fundamental rules which are the base of the entire branch of law. Principles of law can be either formulated expressly in specific articles of special laws or can de deducted through legal interpretation. Article 5 of the Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova states the most important principles which are the foundation of the national labor law system.Item LATURA SUBIECTIVĂ A INFRACȚIUNII PREVĂZUTE LA ART.168 CP RM(CEP USM, 2022) Guidea, PetruThis article is dedicated to the analysis of the subjective side of the crime of forced labor through the prism of the signs that characterize it: guilt, purpose, reason. Among other things, it is argued that the crime of forced labor is usually committed with direct intent. Only in the case described in letter b) paragraph (3) art.168 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, the perpetrator manifests intent towards the prejudicial act and imprudence towards the prejudicial consequences. The purpose of the crime is not a mandatory sign of the subjective side of the crime of forced labor. As a rule, the reason for the crime is not relevant to the classification of the crime of forced labor, with the exception of the hypothesis described in paragraph (2) letter e) art.168 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, which establishes the aggravation of responsibility for the commission of the crime for reasons of prejudice - case in which, the reason for the crime constitutes a mandatory sign of the subjective side of the examined crime.Item UNELE CONSIDERAŢII ASUPRA PRACTICII APLICĂRII RĂSPUNDERII PENALE PENTRU MUNCA FORŢATĂ (art.168 CP RM)(CEP USM, 2021) Guidea, PetruIn this article is analyzed the case law of the crime provided in art.168 of the Criminal Code of Republic of Moldova. In particular, it is dedicated to the criminal law problems in the practice of enforcing the crime of forced labor. As a result of the empirical study, the conclusion is reached about the erroneous judicial practice of framing the actions of the perpetrator according to letter a) paragraph (2) art.168 CC RM. We also established that in practice it is often omitted to specify the intensity of violence applied in the context of coercion – a situation that may lead to questioning the legality of the qualification solution.Item ADUCEREA SILITĂ ȘI ANUNŢAREA ÎN CĂUTARE, CA ASIGURARE A PREZENŢEI INCULPATULUI ÎN INSTANŢĂ(Institutul Naţional al Justiţiei, 2019) Ialanji, ArinaÎn acest articol vom analiza prevederile legale și procedura de aducere silită și anunțare în căutare dispuse de către instanța de judecată după realizarea procedurii de citare legală a inculpatului ce se eschivează de la prezentarea în instanță. În acest sens, au fost analizate prevederile legale, practica judiciară în domeniu, cu elucidarea lacunelor legislative și elaborarea propunerilor de rigoare.