2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/109
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Item Contemporaneitatea şi novaţiile contractului internaţional de transport rutier de mărfuri – perspective şi provocări(CEP USM, 2024-09-20) Bajurea-Ostrofeţ, ElenaThe purpose of this paper is to describe the main challenges which confronts the applicability of the contract for the international carriage of goods by road, as well as the resilience measures adopted in response to them. The aims of this research cover the innovative perspective analysis of the contract for the international carriage of goods by road. Its novelty consists in the research of the legislation adopted to fight with the consequences of the challenges which affect the applicability of the contract for the international carriage of goods by road. The implementation of the scientific results will be realized through the future development of the theoretical foundations and practical aspects in the content of the doctoral dissertation on the topic: "The importance and challenges of the contract for the international carriage of goods by road in the 21st century".Item Fundamentele progresismului în materia transportului internaţional rutier de mărfuri(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Bajurea-Ostrofeţ, ElenaThe present research expresses a high importance for the research domain of the international transport of goods by road, starting with the point that this paper analyses the latest international regulation with a view on digitalisation of the procedures related to the international transport of goods by road, which entered into force in 2020 and will start being applied in the EU space from August 21, 2024. This aim, as well as the purposes as: research of the genesis of the progressive steps in the field of international road freight transport and inquiry other the digitalised instruments derived from T.I.R. and A.T.A. carnets, create a framework over the evolution of the legal provisions related to the mentioned domain. The research methods, such as the comparative, legal and historical ones, showed their value while describing the main result of this paper, which lead to a terse analyse of the main achievements of the international law givers in the field of international transport of goods by road.Item Urmărirea bunurilor digitale(CEP USM, 2024) Căpățînă, MihaelaThe continuous and accelerated evolution of society necessitates the development and adaptation to current realities in all social spheres, including the justice system, where digitalization is no longer an aspiration but a pressing necessity. The digitalization of justice, including civil proceedings, entails not only the modification of civil procedural legislation but also the implementation of viable mechanisms that align with the technological level of societal development. By digitalization of justice, we understand the process of adopting and integrating digital technologies within the judicial system and the administration of justice. Undoubtedly, the integration of digital technologies also pertains to the execution procedure, which is the most complex and crucial stage in a civil process, upon the effectiveness of which largely depends the achievement of the ultimate goal of the civil process. The tracking of digital assets involves the process of identifying, monitoring, and authenticating rights and ownership of digital objects and elements in the virtual or online environment, for the purpose of executing tasks and achieving the objectives of the execution procedure. Achieving these goals requires amendments to both civil and civil procedural legislation, considerations which will be examined in the present study.Item Digitalizarea în domeniul sănătății și protecția drepturilor pacienților: analiza riscurilor și măsurile de contracarare(CEP USM, 2024) Pisarenco, ConstantinResearch Objective: Comprehensive analysis of the impact of digitalization on patients’ rights and safety in the context of legal violations in healthcare. Materials and Methods: Analysis of relevant domestic and foreign literature sources, as well as normative legal acts, was conducted. Literature search was carried out in scientific libraries and the informational legal system “State Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Moldova.” Results and Discussion: Identified two key aspects of the impact of digital technologies on healthcare: positive changes, such as improved accessibility and personalization of medical services, and negative consequences, including the growth of cyber threats and data confidentiality issues. Discussed the need for a comprehensive approach to mitigate these risks, combining technological, organizational, and legal measures. The importance of future research on the impact of the latest technologies on data security and patients’ rights is noted. Conclusion: Digital technologies have improved healthcare but created challenges, including cyber threats, which require an integrated approach that combines technology, law, and education, as well as public-private partnerships and international community.Item Unele aspecte privind apărarea dreptului de proprietate în contextul digitalizării(CEP USM, 2024) Baieș, Sergiu; Cara-Rusnac, AlionaThis article will research the aspects of the protection of the right of ownership in metaverse world. The digitalization is like “pandemic” that invaded the new generation and reality, even the elder population is quite resistant to the new ‘metaverse world’ from the security point of view it invaded all the domains. The right of ownership is also influenced by the digitalization and metaverse world, thus this research is imperious necessary to identify the gaps that exist in the zone of the protection of the rights of ownership. This research will be focused on the protection and defence of the rights of ownership of digital goods and protection of the owner in the online area. It will conclude with some recommendations on protection of the owner in online sphere.Item Drepturile omului în contextul digitalizării(Editura USM, 2023) Rașcu, FlorinArticolul analizează drepturile omului în contextul digitalizării: dreptul la resurse digitale, dreptul la alegeri libere, dreptul la nediscriminare, dreptul la protecția datelor. Complexitatea problemelor etice, cât și garantarea drepturilor omului din jurul inteligenței artificiale necesită colaborarea mai multor părți interesate la diferite niveluri și sectoare ale comunităților internaționale, regionale și naționale.Item Dreptul la internet consfințit în convenția CoE privind protecția persoanelor referitor la prelucrarea automatizată a datelor cu caracter personal(CEP USM, 2024) Călugăru, CorinaThe 20th century represented a century of great challenges for the international society. The two world wars resulted in a significant number of casualties among the population and endangered international peace and security on two occasions. On the other hand, the flip side of the coin offers a more optimistic perspective regarding the emergence of new institutions and mechanisms in International Law across various domains, which have radically altered the course of international relations. In the last 30 years, contemporary societies have been engaged in a continuous effort to develop and promote the use of information technologies. One of these actions is related to digitization and automation of human activities which are highly promoted, aiming to enhance human efficiency. The Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data, signed on January 28, 1981, better known as“Convention 108, is the only European convention with binding legal force at the international level in this field. It establishes principles for the protection of individuals concerning the automatic processing of personal data, which have been adopted in nearly all regions of the world.Item RAȚIUNEA DE A FI A STATULUI DE DREPT ÎNTR-O LUME DIGITALĂ(CEP USM, 2023) Margineanu, ValentinCurrently, the concept of the rule of law, like the entire legal structure, is facing new challenges. Two of these challenges are the globalization and the digitalization. The globalization implies a very close interaction of different legal and state constructions, including different practices of the rule of law. The forms of globalization include the unification of procedures and increasing the role of the judicial power, legal transplant or legal acculturation, and the internationalization of international law. With reference to digitization, there is a very pronounced trend on the conceptualization of the digital state or digital order. The digital reality, the virtual space and the artificial intelligence pose sufficient risks to fundamental human rights and freedoms. Both globalization and digitalization imply important adjustments of the mechanisms of the rule of law in order to guarantee the human rights in the new conditions of social reality.Item NOILE TEHNOLOGII DE VOT ȘI OBSERVAREA ALEGERILOR(CEP USM, 2021) Bucataru, IgorÎn articol este abordat un subiect foarte actual pentru procesele electorale din lume, precum și pentru cele din Republica Moldova. Tehnologiile de vot electronic au început să fie implementate în special în secolul XXI. În condițiile pandemiei subiectul a devenit și mai important. Pentru Republica Moldova despre mecanismul de vot prin Internet se discută în special în contextul asigurării dreptului de vot pentru cetățenii care votează peste hotare. Autorul atrage atenția atât asupra aspectelor pozitive, cât și asupra posibilelor riscuri. În special din perspectiva observării alegerilor.Item PROGRAMAREA ONLINE – FACILITATE SAU IMPEDIMENT ÎN PROCESUL REDOBÂNDIRII CETĂŢENIEI ROMÂNE(CEP USM, 2021) Deleanu, RuslanOdată cu dezvoltarea vieţii sociale şi a expansiunii internetului şi implementarea acestuia în toate palierele vieţii sociale s-a prefigurat apariţia unei noi provocări – programarea online. În vederea simplificării şi îmbunătăţirii interacţiunii dintre cetăţean şi autorităţile publice, la nivel european, mai nou şi la nivel naţional, a apărut tendinţa utilizării din ce în ce mai mult a digitalizării serviciilor publice. Această măsură a fost concepută cu precădere pentru simplificarea şi eficientizarea timpilor de aşteptare atunci când un cetăţean intenţionează să-şi exercite un drept în faţa unei instituţii publice, dar şi ca un instrument legal care să permită fiecărui cetăţean exercitarea drepturilor şi libertăţilor fundamentale într-un mod facil, în era digitalizării, în spiritul Strategiei Naţionale privind Agenda Digitală pentru România 2020. Din analiza domeniilor în care a fost implementată programarea online, ca formă a digitalizării serviciilor publice, aceasta s-a concretizat ca o măsură complementară/opţională celei de a beneficia de un serviciu public direct la ghişeu, fără o programare online. Dacă în luna ianuarie 2016 la nivelul Direcţiei Generale de Paşapoarte Bucureşti, din totalul de cereri înregistrate de eliberare a unui paşaport, aproximativ 2% erau cereri formulate în baza unei programări prealabile online, iar 98% erau cereri fără programare prealabilă online, direct la ghişeu, în timp, numărul solicitanţilor în baza programării online a crescut la aproximativ 10% în iunie 2017, tendinţa fiind în creştere. În articolul de faţă vom identifica avantajele şi dezavantajele programării online în procesul redobândirii cetăţeniei române şi posibilele variante de îmbunătăţire a procesului.