2. Articole

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    INSTRUMENTE ÎN CURS DE DEZVOLTARE ALE RECUPERĂRII BUNURILOR INFRACȚIONALE
    (2022) Scorpan, Alesea
    There is a global trend towards the widespread application of confiscation of criminal assets, especially those obtained as a result of corruption offenses. Given that criminals are becoming increasingly intelligent and already know the tools used by law enforcement agencies, it is becoming increasingly difficult to fight crime. Through this article we set out to research new methods used by other states or proposed by some authors in the field of recovery of criminal assets. We all know the tools such as confiscation, requests for international legal assistance, seizure, but these are the tools that float above the water, long visible and known not only by law enforcement agencies but also by criminals. What is of real interest are the instruments that are at the ,,bottom of the sea” where not every state had the courage to sink, but they found a real treasure, materialized in recovered criminal property. Some tools are taken from the practice of British law, others are just ideas from practitioners who have worked in the field of criminal property recovery. Confiscation of property is an important tool in the fight against crime, we do not deny the importance of official instruments, but we consider it appropriate to widen the limits imposed by national legislation in this field.
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    CONFISCAREA ÎN CAUZELE DE TRAFIC DE PERSOANE ȘI PROXENETISM
    (CEP USM, 2020) Reniţă, Gheorghe
    Confiscation in the criminal case could concern movable and/or immovable goods. At the same time, the confiscation of property must be considered an interference with property rights.However, property rights are not absolute, but relative. It may be subject to limitations, which must be provided by law, to pursue a legitimate purpose and to be proportionate to the purpose pursued. Therefore, by balancing, on the one hand, the property right, and, on the other hand, the imperative of preventing and combating crimes of human trafficking and pimping, as a rule, the former must give in to the latter.
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    NATURA JURIDICĂ A CONFISCĂRII EXTINSE
    (CEP USM, 2020) Racu, Vitalie
    The last few years have been marked by a ”velvet revolution” in criminal policy at the international level. Without neglecting the pre-existing direction, aimed at the identification of the perpetrators and their sanction, as a novelty element, the criminal policy is strongly projected in launching an offensive on the profits and their neutraliza- tion, obtained from the criminal activity. The implementation of an efficient mechanism for the confiscation of property from crime and the interest in this subject at international and European levels has inevitably had consequences in our domestic law. The extended confiscation is a relatively new institution in Moldovan criminal law, adopted as a result of the transposing the numerous international legal tools. This „bad necessity” of modern criminal law, has already begun and will generate in the future a series of theoretical discussions and controversies, but it also strikes a certain rethinking of the practice, specific to all the innovative institutions. Within the limits of a not-too- large study, given that the subject is particularly generous, this article attempts to point out some aspects of the issue of placing extended confiscation to the limit between the two criminal sanctions, penalties and safety measures.
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    INSTRUMENTE ÎN CURS DE DEZVOLTARE ALE RECUPERĂRII BUNURILOR INFRACȚIONALE
    (Academia de Administrare Publică, 2022) Scorpan, Alesea
    There is a global trend towards the widespread application of confiscation of criminal assets, especially those obtained as a result of corruption offenses. Given that criminals are becoming increasingly intelligent and already know the tools used by law enforcement agencies, it is becoming increasingly difficult to fight crime. Through this article we set out to research new methods used by other states or proposed by some authors in the field of recovery of criminal assets. We all know the tools such as confiscation, requests for international legal assistance, seizure, but these are the tools that float above the water, long visible and known not only by law enforcement agencies but also by criminals. What is of real interest are the instruments that are at the ,,bottom of the sea” where not every state had the courage to sink, but they found a real treasure, materialized in recovered criminal property. Some tools are taken from the practice of British law, others are just ideas from practitioners who have worked in the field of criminal property recovery. Confiscation of property is an important tool in the fight against crime, we do not deny the importance of official instruments, but we consider it appropriate to widen the limits imposed by national legislation in this field.
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    POATE FI CONFISCAT MIJLOCUL DE TRANSPORT FOLOSIT PENTRU TRECEREA ILEGALĂ A MĂRFURILOR PESTE FRONTIERA VAMALĂ?
    (Institutul Naţional al Justiţiei, 2019) Reniţă, Gheorghe
    Confiscarea mijlocului de transport care a servit la trecerea ilegală a mărfurilor obiectelor şi altor valori peste frontiera vamală urmăreşte scopul combaterii eficiente a ilicitelor ce atentează la economia naţională şi, în particular, la securitatea vamală. În consecinţă, ingerinţa urmăreşte un scop legitim. Cu privire la proporţionalitatea măsurii de confiscare a mijlocului de transport, s-a analizat dacă există un echilibru corect între privarea” de dreptul de proprietate şi imperativul combaterii faptelor ce atentează la securitatea vamală. În acest sens, trebuie de cântărit importanţa socială a garantării dreptului fundamental cu importanţa socială a atingerii scopului legitim, în condiţiile concrete ale cazului. De regulă, imperativul combaterii faptelor ce atentează la securitatea vamală trebuie să primeze în faţa dreptului de proprietate. Din acest motiv, confiscarea mijlocului de transport care a servit la trecerea ilegală a mărfurilor obiectelor şi altor valori peste frontiera vamală este justificată. Cu titlu de excepţie, doar în unele cauze particulare confiscarea ar putea deranja echilibrul corect şi, prin urmare, ar putea aduce atingere de o manieră disproporţionată dreptului de proprietate. Dacă există o disproporţie vădită între valoarea mijlocului de transport şi natura sau gravitatea faptei săvârşite, instanţa va dispune doar confiscare în parte, prin echivalent bănesc, utilizându-se drept criterii de apreciere urmare produsă sau care s-ar fi putut produce prin fapta respectivă, contribuţia bunului la aceasta, însemnătatea lui pentru persoana şi starea materială a acesteia. Astfel, soluţia depinde de o examinare detaliată a faptelor, nu de o aplicare mecanică a silogismului.
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    UNELE CONCEPŢII PRIVIND MĂSURILE DE SIGURANŢĂ ÎN DIFERITE SISTEME DE DREPT
    (CEP USM, 2015) Dumneanu, Ludmila; Grosu, Vladimir
    În acest articol sunt prezentate rezultatele cercetării în materie de drept comparat a unor aspecte privind măsurile de siguranţă: conceptul şi sistemul măsurilor de siguranţă. Se arată că în majoritatea sistemelor de drept măsurile de siguranţă sunt definite ca fiind simple precauţii de protecţie socială destinate să prevină recidiva unui delincvent sau să neutralizeze starea periculoasă. Ele se disting de pedepse prin fundamentul, scopul şi conţinutul lor. Temeiul măsurilor de siguranţă nu este vinovăţia delincventului, ci starea de pericol pe care el o prezintă.