2. Articole

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Start date: 2023Subject: search.filters.subject.rule of law

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    Independenţa justiţiei – aspiraţie invariabilă a constituţionalismului european [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Popovici, Cristina
    European constitutionalism aims to energize European societies by serving as a means of regulating social and political relations of paramount importance, leading to the continuous development of the principles of the rule of law and the establishment of a system of checks and balances. In this context, justice represents one of the fundamental ways of ensuring and safeguarding respect for citizens’ rights and freedoms without any discrimination. It is carried out solely in the name of the law and exclusively by judicial authorities. Any judicial activity must be grounded in the fundamental principles of the organization and functioning of justice, designed to ensure the unity and efficiency of the act of justice. The goal is the realization of legitimate human rights and freedoms.
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    Transparenţa în procesul decizional al Parlamentului – o garanţie a încrederii reciproce dintre stat şi cetăţean [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Rusu, Dorel
    Global experience demonstrates that a sustainable civil society is a fundamental prerequisite for building the rule of law, enabling the full expression of civil society institutions. These institutions provide citizens with a tangible opportunity to engage in the legislative process. Consequently, the modern constitutional state aligns with a contemporary civil society characterized by traits such as a developed system of independent and active civic associations (a pluralistic society), effective influence over authority, a high degree of civic consolidation, civic awareness, and various other features that have evolved during the maturation of a qualitatively new societal paradigm.
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    Constituţionalismul în Uniunea Europeană: provocări şi perspective [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Tudor, Florin
    In the last period, we have witnessed in the European Union some trends that we can identify as worrying, of erosion of the concept of con- stitutionalism which represents, in a broad sense, a set of norms and principles that advance the idea that authority, as an act of governance, derives from their observance. This crisis reveals that agreements between the governments of the member states, and the supranational political and legal institutions of the European Union are insufficient to maintain unity and make decisions con- cerning priorities. In other words, the political and legal sustainability of the European Union requires a certain methodological support that could contri- bute essentially to the construction, interpretation, and coherent evaluation of the theoretical and practical problems of the political and legal reality of the European Union which is more than an international organization or a con- federation of states, without having become a federal entity. The legitimacy of constitutionalism as a theory of political action increases the gap between the important political decision-makers in the European Union and the legi- timate, objective interests of the member states. This paper aims to analyse three main themes: the challenges to constitutionalism that the states of the European Union have been facing in recent times; opportunities and strate- gies to combat the erosion of democratic constitutionalism; and the future of constitutionalism in the European Union. The research results reveal that the apparent inability of the European institutions to strengthen the rule of law and the democratic legitimacy of the Union can only be overcome through an innovative perspective of reforming the EU treaties and a firm political com- mitment to promote solidarity and mutual respect between the Member States.
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    Conceptul statului de drept în Uniunea Europeană
    (CEP USM, 2024) Erhan, Ianuș
    În poziția UE cu referință la negocierile de aderare ce vizează epublica Moldova este indicat că urmează să adopte integral acquis-ul UE și să asigure implementarea și aplicarea deplină a acestuia.Acesta încorporează metodologia revizuită de extindere, care prevede o atenție și mai puternică asupra reformelor fundamentale, iar ţara noastră va trebui să îmbrățișeze pe deplin și să continue să implementeze reformele în domeniile statului de drept. Pentru ca un stat să devină membru al UE urmează să realizeze o multitudine de condiționalități şi cerințe, dar una care este omniprezentă chiar de la început ca şi condiție sine-qua-non pentru a iniția discuțiile de aderare şi durează pe tot parcursul procesului de integrare, este anume garantarea „statului de drept”.Statul de drept în accepțiunea acquis-ului UE, dar şi cerințelor şi condiţionalităţilor solicitate, reprezintă unul din pilonii de bază pe care se vor baza negocierile de aderare, iar dedicația care va fi demonstrată, dar şi consecvența necesară va determina dacă deținem sau nu capacitatea necesară pentru a garanta statul de drept în înțelesul său unional. Astfel, statul de drept este una din valorile fundamentale ale UE care, chiar şi după accederea statului în cadrul Uniunii, este un deziderat necesar de realizat, asigurat şi garantat fără careva condiționări şi restricționări, în caz contrar statul membru poate fi responsabilizat prin mecanismele instituite prin TUE, dar şi la nivel decizional şi funcțional de către instituțiile UE.
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    Statul de drept – de la valori spre politici
    (CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Vasiliu, Liuba
    The rule of law is the guarantee of fundamental rights and freedoms. The mechanisms and standards of the rule of law must meet and correspond not only to the social and economic needs of citizens but also to their moral commitment. In the context of an open world and interand intrastate connections, we could talk about unique standards and mechanisms that would guarantee the rule of law.The purpose of this article is the ontological and axiological substratum of the rule of law, as well as the perception of justice as a constitutive element of the rule of law.
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    Condiţiile de garantare şi asigurare a bunei guvernări în domeniul securităţii publice
    (CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Erhan, Ianuș
    Today, the need to ensure and guarantee public security becomes a priority that needs to be achieved without discussions and arguments in the sense of diminishing their impact and importance. The current systems and some states, even if they are considered democratic, do not reach the desired level of public safety, and the explanations are different, starting from the inability of the competent authorities to carry out their duties effectively and ending with the state’s inability to create viable and democratic systems. Regarding human rights and freedoms, they are partially respected, certain areas are exposed to corruption factors, and citizens do not feel safe. More than that, the fragility with which public security guarantee mechanisms are built make them vulnerable to both internal and external crises, and public security is not guaranteed at the expected level. Good governance, including the security sector, means applying certain principles in the exercise of power that ensure uniform and consistent application of public service standards based on democratic values. This is why the analysis of the field of public order and security through the prism of the principles of good governance has the role of determining what is the state of affairs within it, what are the existing problems and deficiencies, as well as possible ways to remedy them.
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    Ordinea şi Securitatea Publică în contextul integrării europene a Republicii Noldova
    (CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Nichita, Rodica; Griza, Cătălina
    Articolul explorează intersecția dintre securitatea națională, resursele individuale și performanța profesională, analizând provocările și impactul expunerii la evenimente traumatice asupra personalului din acest domeniu. Plecând de la principiile Declarației Franceze a Drepturilor Omului din 1789 și conceptul de ordine publică, textul discută importanța adaptabilității, măiestriei personale și creșterii posttraumatice în contextul angajaților din sectorul securității naționale. Se face referire la Teoria Conservării Resurselor (COR) care subliniază modul în care indivizii își protejează și dezvoltă resursele psihologice pentru a face față stresului și presiunilor specifice acestui domeniu. În plus, articolul examinează parteneriatul strategic dintre Republica Moldova și Uniunea Europeană, subliniind rolul securității publice în procesul de integrare europeană și contribuția la stabilitatea regională.
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    Particularitățile instituției răspunderii civile a magistraților în republica moldova și românia [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2024) Mihailenco, Olga
    According to international standards, states must ensure the right to access to justice, which implies not only the possibility of filing an action in court, but also ensuring that the complaint is examined fairly by an independent court, in a procedure in which the citizen’s rights are respected. And in the event that damage has been caused to the litigant through the activity of the court, he is entitled to file a civil action against the state, which in turn, in the case of admitting the complaint and paying compensation, is entitled to file an action in recourse against the magistrate. In this article we propose to carry out a detailed analysis of the provisions of the normative framework in the field of civil liability of magistrates in the Republic of Moldova and in Romania, examining their correspondence to the general principles of law and the provisions of the international normative framework.
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    RE-valorizarea dreptului între interogatii și răspunsuri
    (CEP USM, 2023-12-01) Ciobanu, Rodica
    The subject matter that we propose can be seen as an inquiry of the problems that we face in today’s world, where the law has been placed at the centre of criticism from both society and the authorities. The rationale justifies in certain dimensions the way in which the perception of the crisis of law has been shaped and the need to determine the ways in which the current state can be resolved by returning to the fundamental values of law connected to the professional and personal attributes of those involved in the development of law, being part of the most diverse professional backgrounds. At the same time, it suggests the need to revise the standards of professional training, by returning to values such as justice, equity, legality, etc., as well as establishing evaluation criteria that are set from the beginning of a professional career. The research is part of a more comprehensive investigation developed in the project „Modernization of Governance Mechanisms focused on the Protection of Human Rights”.
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    Statul de drept versus statul poliţienesc – aspecte comparative [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2023) Erhan, Ianuș
    The legal status of institutions with police powers in the state of the police, has been and still is a fundamental issue on which the democratic or totalitarian nature of a state depends. The democratic functioning of the state of law cannot be conceived outside a regulatory framework, to coordinate the behavior of individuals according to the established type of behavior in society. We know that the Police is the public authority, which implements the policies of the state in the areas of competence entrusted to it, provides state security services, having the primary mission to protect people, respect their rights and freedoms, to enforce the law, achieve the control and prevent crime, maintaining and ensuring public order. It is known that when the principle of the precedence of law does not prevail in a state, the fundamental human rights and freedoms are not protected at the proper level. When the interests of the state are clearly superior in relation to those of the human and these interests are ensured by methods of coercion applied by repressive bodies, such a state is qualified as a policestate, antipode of the state of law, democratic. Therefore, the qualification ,,police state” has a negative significance, in relation to international standards regarding the state of law, fundamental human rights and freedoms and the principles of humanism, social equity and justice. The implementation of Police activities, first, is related to their legal framing in the legal construction existing in a state and making them known to the public. Subsequently, the endowment, development, allocation of necessary resources should not be associated with the tendency of creation/development of the police state, but the most effective implementation of the state’s police law. Likewise, capacity building, giving certain levers, even in a repressive aspect, must be linked to the real needs and problems that exist in society.