2. Articole
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Item The causes and effects of school dropout felt over time(CEP USM, 2024) Curoș, LiudmilaThe article involves an analytical approach to the specifics of school dropout, the causes and effects produced, as well as possible suggestions for managing the large-scale phenomenon. The research methodology consisted in the study of specialized literature and the reflexive analysis of bibliographic sources, various statistical data, which allowed us to issue relevant conclusions and recommendations for its prevention and reduction at a systemic level. Being a complex phenomenon, school dropout manifests itself for various reasons, starting with personal or family problems, a difficult socioeconomic situation and continuing with important factors regarding the way the education system works. Depending on the determining factors, but also the extent of the manifestation, a series of undesirable effects are generated, with a weight on socio-professional integration difficulties. Thus, statistical data are reflected that confirm the acute need for systemic intervention on the treatment of the phenomenon in question, based on the educational actors and social institutions that have contact with the mentioned causes and effects. Systematic and orderly intervention refers in particular to the prevention of school dropout by motivating students, career guidance, carrying out attractive educational activities, involving digital technologies, but also reducing it, by establishing internal and external partnerships, analyzing the main causes, and determining the ways of reintegration into the educational process of young people who temporarily/completely left the educational institution.Item Competences of the teacher in the field of visual arts. Conceptual landmarks(CEP USM, 2024) Chirvase, Valentina; Ungureanu, CristianVarious meanings of competence can be found in the specialized literature. Guțu Vl. (2023) defines it as ,,an integrated system of knowledge, skills, attitudes and values, acquired, formed, and developed through learning, whose mobilization allows the identification and resolution of various problems in various contexts and situations”; ,,purpose, as a projected objective and as a learning objective”; ,,intellectual capacity with various transfer possibilities (capacity to communicate, decide, detect, select, evaluate data, information, relationships), a capacity that associates affective and attitudinal components, motivating action”. Since the emphasis in higher education is on the formation of competent specialists, on the formation and development of competence as a quality of personality (Șevciuc M., 2007), the visual arts teacher, through good training, will contribute to the beautiful growth of students – forming the ,,person of tomorrow” (Berger G., 1973). The study programs, generous both through the variety of specialties and through the psycho-pedagogical training module, give confidence to young visual arts graduates to register and participate in the final exam, thus certifying the skills acquired in the initial training.Item Education and family counseling: certain aspects of cultivating positive daily thinking in adults and children from practical philosophy perspective(CEP USM, 2024) Cuznețov, LarisaThe article represents a theoretical and applied study that follows the strategic line and doctrinal axis of many works by the author regarding the education and enculturation of the family through the valorization of reflection, the moral action of individuals in the context of counseling focused on the development of positive daily thinking in adults and children. Additionally, here is presented and explained a set of principles, conditions and strategies for family education and counseling, which have been scientifically grounded and correlated with essential orientations from the perspective of social psychology, positive psychology, practical philosophy and complex ontological counseling of the family. Some trends in enhancing the moral climate within the postmodern family are analyzed and methods for building well-being, happiness and improving the quality of family life are specified. In this context, the results of an opinion survey conducted on a structured sample of adults, young family members, and middle-aged individuals (420 subjects aged 25-50) are provided, followed by interpretations, conclusions, and practical recommendations for cultivating positive daily thinking.Item STILUL EDUCATIV PARENTAL LA COPIII DE VÂRSTA PREȘCOLARĂ(CEP USM, 2024) Bruma, AlaIn the presented article, I mention that the style of education is defined by reference to educational practices, to the specific way of achieving education, regardless of the context, the institutionalized nature and not of the education process. Thus, the education style is considered a relatively stable behavior model that is characterized by typical educational and training practices. Parents use various child rearing techniques. In general, parents can be described in terms of certain dimensions such as warmth, restrictiveness, etc., all of which together comprise the parenting style.Item PERSPECTIVE PSIHOLOGICE ALE DEZVOLTĂRII ATENȚIEI ELEVILOR ÎN MONITORIZAREA CURRICULUMULUI NAȚIONAL(CEP USM, 2024) Tarnovschi, AnaIn the national educational context, where the education system faces various challenges such as diverse educational needs and limited resources, it is essential to understand how students’ attention can be developed and supported through appropriate monitoring of the national curriculum. Adapting educational materials to address different learning styles and individual needs, as well as implementing teaching strategies that promote attention, is a crucial aspect for enhancing the educational experience. Therefore, in this article, we aim to explore the psychological perspectives on the development of students’ attention in the context of monitoring the national curriculum in the Republic of Moldova. We will analyze how the structure and content of the curriculum influence students’ attention and discuss strategies and recommendations for optimizing this process. Our goal is to highlight the importance of an informed and adaptive approach that contributes to improving educational effectiveness and academic performance of students in the Republic of Moldova.Item MOTIVAȚIA INTRINSECĂ - PREDICTOR AL IMPLICĂRII ACADEMICE A STUDENȚILOR(CEP USM, 2024) Momanu, Mirela-Claudia; Potâng, AngelaMotivation represents a long-researched construct, as it is put at the service of obtaining high performance in all areas of human activity, representing a higher level of individual goal achievement within the various actions performed. In this research we set out to specifically identify the influence of intrinsic motivation, through the prism of its facets intrinsic motivation for knowledge, intrinsic motivation for achievement and intrinsic motivation to stimulate exploration, which bring a significant contribution to the achievement of aspirational progress and which can have a determining role on the involvement of students in the academic environment. We expect to identify certain aspects related to intrinsic motivation that have a large weight within this influence and that can generate an increase in academic involvement and, if possible, to quantify the extent to which the intrinsic motivation for knowledge, intrinsic motivation for achievement and intrinsic motivation to stimulate exploration respectively could represent factors of the potential of students’ academic engagement and performance.Item DIMENSIUNI PSIHOLOGICE ALE DEZVOLTĂRII MEMORIEI ELEVILOR ÎN MONITORIZAREA CURRICULUMULUI NAȚIONAL(CEP USM, 2024) Iacobin, AuraThe study exploring the psychological dimensions of student memory within the context of the national curriculum represents a profound investigation into a critical area of contemporary education. Memory is not merely a simple ability to retain information but a complex capacity influenced by cognitive and emotional factors that play an essential role in academic performance. Another important aspect investigated in this study is the adaptability of the national curriculum to optimize student memory development. The national curriculum plays a central role in shaping and enhancing cognitive competencies, including memory. By integrating methods and educational materials that encourage memory-based learning strategies and by promoting a stimulating and supportive educational environment, the curriculum can be adjusted to more effectively support memory development.Item LEARNING COMPLEX SYSTEMS. WHY SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES EDUCATION NEEDS TO INTEGRATE COMPLEXITY(CEP USM, 2020) Coltea, Andrei-RazvanComplexity is a paradigm whose relevance is currently expanding beyond the domain of „hard” sciences. Humanities and social sciences could greatly benefit from using it as an antidote to reductionism, as these fields demonstrate a great need of defragmentation and a broader theoretical perspective. The epistemological importance of complexity can hardly be overestimated, yet the education system ignores it to the point where most social science students and young researchers regularly propose simple solutions to describe social issues by using reductive statements and identifying a single source of causation and, even worse, mistaking correlation for causation. Complex systems theory provides powerful conceptual analytical tools, and students should be encouraged to conduct observations, experiments and research to help them build and integrate a complexity based understanding of social and psychological phenomena. This paper attempts to offer a schematic outlook of this theory and its main points, explaining what complex systems are, what are the components of social complex systems and, finally, why it cannot be excluded from any social sciences and humanities undergraduate curriculum.Item ASIGURAREA SECURITĂȚII SPIRITUALE PRIN INSTRUIRE ȘI COMUNICARE(CEP USM, 2020) Roșca, LudmilaÎnvățământul, în special cel umanitar, în sistemul de asigurare vitală al societății are un rol important nu doar în dezvoltarea economică, dar și în asigurarea securității vieții spirituale a cetățenilor și comunității. Învățământul oferă posibilități unice pentru formarea unei personalități integre, caracterizată de verticalitate, competitivă pe piața muncii, atât interne, cât și externe. Învățământul contribuie la reproducerea culturii, a valorilor spirituale ale unui neam. Pericolul crizei spirituale rezidă în invizibilitatea lui. Criza reprezintă un stimul puternic, dacă îl amenință pe om, apare în fața lui ca punct inițial al unei alegeri inevitabile (boală, război, epidemie, pandemie). În astfel de situații se schimbă tabloul lumii, sunt mobilizate toate resursele disponibile, care salvează deseori organismul social de la dispariție. Cu regret, în timpul crizelor opunerea uneori întârzie, iar degradarea culturii capătă un caracter ireversibil, care conduce la o catastrofă asemănătoare celei din Rusia (1917), Germania (1930). Autorul supune analizei potențialul cognitiv, creativ al omului contemporan, capacitatea lui de a răspunde adecvat provocărilor timpului, de a reacționa la criza spiritualității, a culturii. Securitatea spirituală reprezintă ansamblul cauzelor care permite unui subiect social (cultura, societatea) să-și păstreze parametrii vitali în limitele, normele istorice. Ieșirea în afara acestora sub influența diverșilor factori: culturali, normativi, valorici, conduce la o catastrofă națională. În scopul neadmiterii unei astfel de situații, autorul propune să medităm asupra fenomenelor: securitatea spirituală, sănătatea mintală, în afara cărora orice strategie de supraviețuire, orice program de dezvoltare durabilă sunt lipsite de sens.Item ROLUL DISCURSULUI CIVIC ÎN EDUCAȚIA PENTRU SOCIETATE(CEP USM, 2020) Dodul, DumitruMarcând aproape decisiv ştiințele socio-umane, rolul discursului civic în educația pentru societate este un subiect amplu, dezbătut şi supus permanent re/conceptualizării. Trăim într-o realitate în care pandemia a afectat semnificativ comunitatea umană sub aspect economic, social politic şi cultural, agravând inegalitățile sociale, inclusiv în sistemul educațional. Această situație a creat bariere pentru participarea la procesul educațional, în primul rând, a persoanelor din categoriile sociale dezavantajate, ținând cont de faptul că şcoala reprezintă în același timp spațiul pentru educaţie academică, cât şi cadru pentru învăţarea abilităților sociale, emoţionale, de cooperare şi sprijin social. Atunci când majoritatea activităților didactice au fost transferate în mediul online este necesar să abordăm şi problema an/alfabetismului, a educației digitale, dar și avantajele digitalizării administrației publice. Devine imperativ valorificarea posibilităților instituțiilor din comunitate, utilizarea rațională a tehnologiilor de învățare online și implicarea imparțială a mijloacelor mass-media în reflectarea problemelor existente, acestea fiind o oportunitate pentru situațiile de criză. În acest context complex, reafirmăm rolul societății civile, prin însăși raţiunea propriei existenţe, care exprimă viziuni și deziderate cu referire la politicile publice, la legi și ordonanțe de urgență – viziuni exprimate, în unele cazuri, prin critica forțelor politice de la putere. Situaţii în care doar societatea democratică garantează libertatea de exprimare – unul dintre principiile care asigură/motivează implicarea cetățenilor în viața comunității.