LOUISE ROSENBLATT: TEORIA TRANZACȚIONALĂ
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2021
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Abstract
În cadrul orientărilor poststructuraliste, s-au multiplicat eforturile de a muta
accentul de pe textul imanent pe procesul de comunicare literară, respectiv pe
semantic și receptarea literară. De acum mai bine de 50 de ani, predomină ideea
că textele literare trebuie definite nu atât prin proprietățile sale intratextuale, cât
prin funcționalitatea lor într-o anumită societate, unde alături de celelalte arte
contribuie la crearea sensului pentru om. Pentru reprezentanții Reader-Response
Criticism-ului literatura este o formă specifică de comunicare. Opera literară este
în același timp text, autor și cititor, toate acestea închegate într-un microsistem.
Mișcarea Reader-Response Criticism s-a dezvoltat în spațiul anglo-saxon
ca reacție la postulatele New Criticism-ului, mai ales prin anii ’70–’80. Teoria
răspunsului cititorului alcătuiește un filon comun cu poststructuralismul și
deconstrucția, astfel se desparte de tendințele teoretice din Europa. Aflați sub
influența poststructuraliștilor, teoreticienii „reader-oriented” susțineau că nu
poate exista sens în afara subiectului receptor. Sensul nu trebuie căutat în text,
pentru că înțelesul este în răspunsul cititorului format ca rezultat al actului de
lectură. Adepții teoriei consideră acceptabil orice răspuns sau reacție afectivă a
cititorului. Se disting câteva tipuri de răspunsuri: răspuns (inițial) emoțional, interpretativ, analitic, interogativ și intertextual.
Louise Rosenblatt este cercetătoarea care se numără printre promotorii
mișcării „reader-oriented”. Activând în calitatea de profesoara de literatură, în
1978, Louise Rosenblatt propune o interpretare proprie a teoriei răspunsului citi-
torului, pe care o numește teoria tranzacțională (Transactional Theory). Cercetă-
toarea analizează tranzacțiile de înțeles dintre text și cititor, ambele instanțe sunt
considerate importante în actul lecturii. În termenii acestei teorii, cititorul poate
manifesta două tipuri de răspunsuri: referente și estetice. Considerăm important
să se introducă în spațiul academic de la noi implicațiile teoretice ale cercetătoarei americane.
Within the poststructuralist orientations, the emphasis shifts from the im- manent text to the process of literary communion, respectively on semantic and literary reception. For about 50 years now, the idea that literary texts need to be explained not so much by its intratextual properties, but by their functionality in a certain society, where together with the other arts it contributes to the creation of meaning for man, has prevailed. According to reader-oriented researchers, lit- erature is a specific form of communication. The literary work is at the same time the text, the author and the reader – all are cohesive in a microsystem. The movement Reader-Response Criticism developed in response to the ideas of the New Criticism, in Anglo-Saxon scientific context, especially through the 70s– 80s. The theory of the reader’s response forms a common vein with post- structuralism and deconstruction, thus separating itself from theoretical trends in Europe. Under the influence of post-structuralists, “reader-oriented” theorists argued that there could be no meaning without the implications of the reader. The meaning should not be sought in the text, because the meaning is in the reader’s response, formed as the result of the act of reading. Adherents of the theory consider acceptable any response or emotional reaction of the reader. There are several types of answers: (initial) emotional, interpretive, analytical, interrogative and intertextual response.Louise Rosenblatt is one of the promoters of the Reader-Response Theory movement. Working as a teacher of literature, in 1978, Louise Rosenblatt proposed its own interpretation of Reader-Response Theory, which she calls Tran s actional Theory. The researcher analyzes the comprehensible transactions between the text and the reader; both are important in the act of reading. In terms of this theory, the reader can manifest two types of answers: referential and aesthetic. It is important to introduce in in the scientific context of the Republic of Moldo-vathe theoretical implications of the American researcher.
Within the poststructuralist orientations, the emphasis shifts from the im- manent text to the process of literary communion, respectively on semantic and literary reception. For about 50 years now, the idea that literary texts need to be explained not so much by its intratextual properties, but by their functionality in a certain society, where together with the other arts it contributes to the creation of meaning for man, has prevailed. According to reader-oriented researchers, lit- erature is a specific form of communication. The literary work is at the same time the text, the author and the reader – all are cohesive in a microsystem. The movement Reader-Response Criticism developed in response to the ideas of the New Criticism, in Anglo-Saxon scientific context, especially through the 70s– 80s. The theory of the reader’s response forms a common vein with post- structuralism and deconstruction, thus separating itself from theoretical trends in Europe. Under the influence of post-structuralists, “reader-oriented” theorists argued that there could be no meaning without the implications of the reader. The meaning should not be sought in the text, because the meaning is in the reader’s response, formed as the result of the act of reading. Adherents of the theory consider acceptable any response or emotional reaction of the reader. There are several types of answers: (initial) emotional, interpretive, analytical, interrogative and intertextual response.Louise Rosenblatt is one of the promoters of the Reader-Response Theory movement. Working as a teacher of literature, in 1978, Louise Rosenblatt proposed its own interpretation of Reader-Response Theory, which she calls Tran s actional Theory. The researcher analyzes the comprehensible transactions between the text and the reader; both are important in the act of reading. In terms of this theory, the reader can manifest two types of answers: referential and aesthetic. It is important to introduce in in the scientific context of the Republic of Moldo-vathe theoretical implications of the American researcher.
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comunicare literară
Citation
DEMENTIEVA, Diana. Louise Rosenblatt: teoria tranzacțională. In: In: Yesterday’s heritage – implications for the development of tomorrow’s sustainable society: conf. șt. intern.,Chișinău, 11-12 februarie 2021, pp. 86-87.