Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, parinte al populismului românesc, de la narodnicism la socialism [Articol]
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Pontos
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Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea și Constantin Stere, ambii narodnici refugiați din Imperiul Rus, sunt părinții fondatori ai populismului românesc, din punct de vedere al sistematizării acestei doctrine. De-a lungul vieții, ideologia lui Gherea a evoluat de la narodnicism spre un socialism mai canonic. Pe parcursul acestei evoluții, el s-a apropiat la un moment dat de poporaniștii români. Pauperizarea țărănimii era preocuparea comună care a cimentat această proximitate. Gherea a dedicat numeroase studii situației precare a țăranilor. Soluția pe care o preconiza consta în reformă agrară și desființarea relațiilor feudale de muncă. Statul urma să răscumpere pământ de la particulari și să împroprietărească țăranii. Moșiile statului ar fi trebuit exploatate în comun de comunități de țărani sau de muncitori, cărora tot statul le-ar fi facilitat accesul la credite avantajoase pentru înzestrarea cu mașini și unelte necesare. Din punct de vedere social, pentru desființarea a ceea ce Gherea numea neoiobăgie, a militat pentru votul universal. La sfârșitul vieții, după primul război mondial, a apucat să vadă puse în practică împroprietărirea țăranilor și votul universal (pentru bărbați).
Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea and Constantin Stere, both of them narodniki refugees from Russia, are the founding fathers of Romanian populism. In their writings, they systematized this doctrine. Gherea evolved throughout his life from narodnikism to a more orthodox socialism. Along his ideological track, he drew at one point very close to the Romania poporanist cultural movement. Their shared concern was the miserable condition of the peasants. Gherea extensively studied the Romanian peasantry’s precarious situation. The solution he was advocating for encompassed land reform and the abolition of feudal work relations. The state was due to purchase land from its private owners and pass it on to the peasants. The state domains would have been jointly exploited by communities of peasants or workers, to whom the state would have also facilitated access to cheap credit for buying machines and other necessary tools. Socially, in order to abolish what Gherea coined as new serfdom, he called for universal suffrage. Gherea lived long enough to see enstated, after the end of WWI, both land reform to the benefit of the peasantry and universal suffrage (for men).
Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea and Constantin Stere, both of them narodniki refugees from Russia, are the founding fathers of Romanian populism. In their writings, they systematized this doctrine. Gherea evolved throughout his life from narodnikism to a more orthodox socialism. Along his ideological track, he drew at one point very close to the Romania poporanist cultural movement. Their shared concern was the miserable condition of the peasants. Gherea extensively studied the Romanian peasantry’s precarious situation. The solution he was advocating for encompassed land reform and the abolition of feudal work relations. The state was due to purchase land from its private owners and pass it on to the peasants. The state domains would have been jointly exploited by communities of peasants or workers, to whom the state would have also facilitated access to cheap credit for buying machines and other necessary tools. Socially, in order to abolish what Gherea coined as new serfdom, he called for universal suffrage. Gherea lived long enough to see enstated, after the end of WWI, both land reform to the benefit of the peasantry and universal suffrage (for men).
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ADAM, Robert. Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, parinte al populismului românesc, de la narodnicism la socialism. In: Un veac de conflagrații: realitate și ficțiune: conferință științifică internațională, ediția a 7-a, 08 iunie 2018. Chișinău: Pontos, 2019, pp. 147-154. ISBN 978-9975-72-366-4.