JULIA KRISTEVA: TEORIA INTERTEXTUALITĂȚII
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2021
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Cercetările întreprinse de Mihail Bahtin în domeniul filosofiei și teoriei literare au servit drept teren fertil pentru alte direcții de cercetare din Occident. Prin anii ’70 ai secolului trecut, Julia Kristeva reinterpretează ideile savantului rus în articolele: „Bahtin, cuvântul, dialogul și romanul” (1967) și „Ruinarea poeticii” (1970). În baza teoriei despre dialog și polifonie a lui Mihail Bahtin, Julia Kristeva își teoretizează propriul concept despre dialogul textelor, acum cuvântul-bivoc devine cuvânt-discurs. Astfel, în cadrul unui seminar de literatură din 1966, cercetătoarea de origine bulgară introduce în circuitul noțiunilor literare termenul de intertextualitate. Intertextualitatea este relația de co-prezență între două sau mai multe texte, cel mai adesea prin prezența efectivă a unui text în altul, dar și un mod de abordare a textului. Intertextualitatea este un fenomen ce se manifestă atât la nivelul formei, cât și la nivelul conținutului. Prin urmare, o lectură intertextuală asigură o cercetare sincretică complexă care însumează caracteristicile textuale și extratextuale ale operei literare. Observăm că abordarea intertextuală acordă o atenție deosebită relației literaturii cu ea însăși (literatură – literatură), în același timp vizează și alte tipuri de inter-fluențe (sociologice, istorice, ideologice/religioase, psihologice, culturale). Roland Barthes susține că noțiunea de intertextanunță „imposibilitatea de a trăi în afara textului infinit – fie că acest text este Proust, sau ziarul cotidian, sau ecranul televizorului: cartea face sensul, sensul face viața”. Studiul conceptului de intertextualitate este de o actualitate indubitabilă. Odată ce a fost introdus acum aproximativ 50 de ani de către Julia Kristeva, ideea a cauzat o explozie de interpretări. Deja la începutul secolului al XXI-lea, în domeniul științelor umaniste apar noi termeni și concepte, totodată vechile cunoștințe sunt acum privite dintr-o nouă perspectivă, cea a principiului dialogic. Într-un cuvânt, s-a întâmplat ceea ce Mihail Bahtin anticipase cu aproximativ jumătate de secol mai devreme – totul face parte din „dialogul mare”.
Mihail Bahtin’s research in the field of philosophy and literary theory has served as a breeding ground for other research directions in the West. In the 70s of last century, Julia Kristeva reinterprets the ideas of Russian scientist in Bahtin, Word, Dialogue and Novel (1967) and Ruination of Poetry (1970). Based on Mihail Bahtin’s theory of dialogue and polyphony, Julia Kristeva theorizes her own concept of dialogue between texts, now the word-bivouac becomes word-speech. Thus, during a literature seminar in 1966, the researcher of Bulgarian origin introduces the term intertextuality in the circuit of literary notions. Intertextuality is the relationship of co-presence between two or more texts, most often through the actual presence of one text in another, but also a way of approaching the text. Intertextuality is manifested both at the level of structure and at the level of content. Therefore, an intertextual reading ensures a complex syncretic research that sums up the textual and extratextual characteristics of the literary work. It should be noted that the intertextual approach pays special attention to the relationship of literature with itself (literature – literature); at the same time, it targets other types of inter-influences (sociological, historical, ideological / religious, psychological or cultural). Roland Barthes argues that the notion of intertext announces “the impossibility of living outside the infinite text – whether this text is Proust, or the daily newspaper, or the television screen: the book makes sense, meaning makes life”. The study of the concept of intertextuality is of an undoubted topicality. Once introduced about 50 years ago by Julia Kristeva, the idea caused an explosion of interpretations. Already at the beginning of the 21st century, new terms and concepts appear in the field of humanities, at the same time the old knowledge is now seen from a new perspective, that of the dialogic principle. In a word, what Mikhail Bahtin had anticipated about half a century earlier had happened – everything is part of the “great dialogue”
Mihail Bahtin’s research in the field of philosophy and literary theory has served as a breeding ground for other research directions in the West. In the 70s of last century, Julia Kristeva reinterprets the ideas of Russian scientist in Bahtin, Word, Dialogue and Novel (1967) and Ruination of Poetry (1970). Based on Mihail Bahtin’s theory of dialogue and polyphony, Julia Kristeva theorizes her own concept of dialogue between texts, now the word-bivouac becomes word-speech. Thus, during a literature seminar in 1966, the researcher of Bulgarian origin introduces the term intertextuality in the circuit of literary notions. Intertextuality is the relationship of co-presence between two or more texts, most often through the actual presence of one text in another, but also a way of approaching the text. Intertextuality is manifested both at the level of structure and at the level of content. Therefore, an intertextual reading ensures a complex syncretic research that sums up the textual and extratextual characteristics of the literary work. It should be noted that the intertextual approach pays special attention to the relationship of literature with itself (literature – literature); at the same time, it targets other types of inter-influences (sociological, historical, ideological / religious, psychological or cultural). Roland Barthes argues that the notion of intertext announces “the impossibility of living outside the infinite text – whether this text is Proust, or the daily newspaper, or the television screen: the book makes sense, meaning makes life”. The study of the concept of intertextuality is of an undoubted topicality. Once introduced about 50 years ago by Julia Kristeva, the idea caused an explosion of interpretations. Already at the beginning of the 21st century, new terms and concepts appear in the field of humanities, at the same time the old knowledge is now seen from a new perspective, that of the dialogic principle. In a word, what Mikhail Bahtin had anticipated about half a century earlier had happened – everything is part of the “great dialogue”
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comunicare literară
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DEMENTIEVA, Diana. Julia Kristeva: the theory of intertextuality. In: Yesterday’s heritage – implications for the development of tomorrow’s sustainable society: conf. șt. intern.,Chișinău, 11-12 februarie 2021, pp. 84-85.