Rolul politicilor de neutralitate ale statelor în sistemul de securitate global: implicații și perspective pentru Republica Moldova [Articol]

Abstract

This article seeks to examine the role of neutrality policies in the current global security architecture, emphasizing their increasing relevance in the context of multipolarity and contemporary geopolitical tensions. Neutrality, far from representing a passive with drawal from international dynamics, is presented as an active strategy that fosters balance, dialogue, and cooperation among states, while also providing economic advantages and diplomatic visibility. The paper analyzes the historical experience of the Republic of Moldova, which adopted the status of neutrality immediately after declaring independence as a strategic response to the absence of a national military framework, the Transnistrian conflict, and the presence of foreign troops on its territory. At the same time, it investigates the current vulnerabilities and challenges to this status, such as the lack of international recognition, difficulties of territorial reintegration, and deficiencies in national defense. Despite these limitations, the article highlights the favorable prospects for strengthening neutrality through legislative reforms, enhancing self-defense capacities, and capitalizing on the consistent support of public opinion. The main conclusion is that Moldova’s neutrality must evolve from a formal constitutional principle into a functional national security strategy, consolidated internally and recognized internationally, capable of safeguarding sovereignty and positioning the country as a balancing actor in a region marked by instability.