Particularităţile răspunderii membrilor organelor de conducere a persoanelor juridice insolvabile şi descalificările aplicabile lor
Date
2024-09-20
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CEP USM
Abstract
Potrivit art. 2 din Legea insolvabilității nr. 149 din 29.06.201218, starea de insolvabilitate este definită ca – acea situație financiară a debitorului caracterizată prin incapacitatea de a își onora obligațiile de plată, constatată prin act judecătoresc de dispoziție.
Iar, prin incapacitate de plată – situație financiară a debitorului caracterizată prin incapacitatea lui de a își executa obligațiile pecuniare scadente, inclusiv obligațiile fiscale. Incapacitatea de plată este, de regulă, prezumată în cazul în care debitorul a încetat să efectueze plăți.
În aceiași ordine de idei, prin supraîndatorare se are în vedere– acea situație financiară a debitorului, a cărui răspundere este limitată prin lege la valoarea patrimoniului său, în care valoarea bunurilor nu mai acoperă obligațiile existente ale acestuia.
De cele mai dese ori, în cazul existenței unuia dintre temeiurile invocate și intentării procedurii de insolvabilitate, masa debitoare a debitorului insolvabil nu este suficientă pentru satisfacerea deplină a creanțelor creditorilor. În acest, din urmă caz, legiuitorul a instituit cu titlu de excepție de la regula generală potrivit căreia fondatorul persoanei juridice nu răspunde pentru obligațiile acesteia, instituția răspunderii patrimoniale subsidiare a organelor de conducere a debitorului și a altor persoane în condițiile și limitele strict prevăzute de lege, care nu exclude aplicarea față de debitor sau membrii organelor de conducere al acestuia a unor sancțiuni contravenționale sau pedepse penale pentru fapte ce constituie contravenții sau infracțiuni.
According to art. 2 of the Insolvency Law no. 149 of 29.06.2012, the state of insolvency is defined as - that financial situation of the debtor characterized by the inability to honor his payment obligations, ascertained by a judicial act of disposition. And, by inability to pay – financial situation of the debtor characterized by his inability to execute his due pecuniary obligations, including fiscal obligations. Insolvency is usually presumed if the debtor has stopped making payments. In the same vein, over-indebtedness refers to the financial situation of the debtor, whose liability is limited by law to the value of his assets, in which the value of the assets no longer covers his existing obligations. Most of the time, in the case of the existence of one of the invoked grounds and the initiation of the insolvency procedure, the debtor mass of the insolvent debtor is not sufficient for the full satisfaction of the creditors' claims. In this, last case, the legislator instituted as an exception to the general rule according to which the founder of the legal entity is not liable for its obligations, the institution of subsidiary patrimonial liability of the management bodies of the debtor and other persons under the conditions and limits strictly provided by law, which does not exclude the application to the debtor or the members of its management bodies of contraventional sanctions or criminal penalties for acts that constitute contraventions or crimes.
According to art. 2 of the Insolvency Law no. 149 of 29.06.2012, the state of insolvency is defined as - that financial situation of the debtor characterized by the inability to honor his payment obligations, ascertained by a judicial act of disposition. And, by inability to pay – financial situation of the debtor characterized by his inability to execute his due pecuniary obligations, including fiscal obligations. Insolvency is usually presumed if the debtor has stopped making payments. In the same vein, over-indebtedness refers to the financial situation of the debtor, whose liability is limited by law to the value of his assets, in which the value of the assets no longer covers his existing obligations. Most of the time, in the case of the existence of one of the invoked grounds and the initiation of the insolvency procedure, the debtor mass of the insolvent debtor is not sufficient for the full satisfaction of the creditors' claims. In this, last case, the legislator instituted as an exception to the general rule according to which the founder of the legal entity is not liable for its obligations, the institution of subsidiary patrimonial liability of the management bodies of the debtor and other persons under the conditions and limits strictly provided by law, which does not exclude the application to the debtor or the members of its management bodies of contraventional sanctions or criminal penalties for acts that constitute contraventions or crimes.
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Keywords
patrimonial transfer, debtor, subsidiary liability, jointly and severally prejudicial act, management bodies of the debtor, commercial activity
Citation
FANARI, Svetlana. Particularităţile răspunderii membrilor organelor de conducere a persoanelor juridice insolvabile şi descalificările aplicabile lor. In: Priorităţi ale cercetării în domeniul juridic şi economic şi impactul asupra societăţii contemporane: conferinţă ştiinţifică naţională, ediţia a 4-a. Chişinău, 20 septembrie, 2024. Chişinău: CEP USM, 2025, pp. 50 – 55. ISBN 978-9975-62-849-5 (PDF)