Garanții internaționale de independență a judecătorilor [Articol]
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CEP USM
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Independența sistemului judiciar este o problemă importantă pentru fiecare țară, dar mai ales o importanță deosebită are pentru țările care au avut recent sau au în prezent probleme cu controlul democratic în instituțiile statului. Au fost identificate diferite raționamente pentru necesitatea unui sistem judiciar independent într-un stat democratic, însă până la momentul actual, din păcate, nu s-a găsit „soluția” perfectă. Întrucât puterea judecătorească este unul dintre cei trei piloni fundamentali, egali ca importanţă, ai statului de drept, pentru a-şi putea îndeplini funcțiile sale puterea judecătorească trebuie să fie independentă faţă de aceste autorităţi, fapt ce implică libertate faţă de relaţiile inadecvate şi de influenţa exercitată de către acestea. Astfel, independenţa serveşte ca o garanţie a imparţialităţii, iar acest lucru are, în special, implicaţii asupra tuturor aspectelor legate de cariera unui judecător – de la pregătire, numire până la promovare şi sancţionare disciplinară. De asemenea, independența instanțelor judecătorești se identifică prin evaluarea modului de numire a judecătorilor, durata mandatului, existența unor garanții împotriva presiunilor externe și prin aprecierea aparenței de independență a organului judiciar, iar unul dintre cei mai importanți factori este și gradul de încredere pe care instanța sau nemijlocit judecătorul îl inspiră publicului și părților, al căror punct de vedere contează.
The independence of the judiciary is an important issue for each country, but it is especially important for countries that have recently had or are still currently facing problems with democratic control in the state institutions. Different reasonings have been identified for the need of an independent judiciary in a democratic state, but, unfortunately, no “perfect” solution has been found so far. Since the judiciary is one of the three equally important fundamental pillars of the modern democratic state, in order to fulfil its duties in these areas, the judiciary must be independent of these authorities, which implies freedom from inappropriate relationships and the influence exercised by these authorities. Thus, independence serves as a guarantee of impartiality, and this has implications on all aspects of a judge's career in particular, from training to appointment and to promotion and disciplinary sanctioning. Also, the independence of the courts is identified by evaluating the manner in which judges are appointed, the duration of their mandate, the existence of guarantees against external pressures and the assessment of the appearance of independence of the judicial body, and moreover, the degree of trust that the court or the judge instils in the public and the parties, whose point of view matters.
The independence of the judiciary is an important issue for each country, but it is especially important for countries that have recently had or are still currently facing problems with democratic control in the state institutions. Different reasonings have been identified for the need of an independent judiciary in a democratic state, but, unfortunately, no “perfect” solution has been found so far. Since the judiciary is one of the three equally important fundamental pillars of the modern democratic state, in order to fulfil its duties in these areas, the judiciary must be independent of these authorities, which implies freedom from inappropriate relationships and the influence exercised by these authorities. Thus, independence serves as a guarantee of impartiality, and this has implications on all aspects of a judge's career in particular, from training to appointment and to promotion and disciplinary sanctioning. Also, the independence of the courts is identified by evaluating the manner in which judges are appointed, the duration of their mandate, the existence of guarantees against external pressures and the assessment of the appearance of independence of the judicial body, and moreover, the degree of trust that the court or the judge instils in the public and the parties, whose point of view matters.
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CAPAȚÎNA, Carolina. Garanții internaționale de independență a judecătorilor. In: Studia Universitatis Moldaviae.Seria Ştiinţe Sociale: Sociologie. Asistență Socială. Drept.Științe politice. Revistă științifică. 2021, nr. 8(148), pp. 199-202. ISSN 1814-3199.10.5281/zenodo.5113505