Infracţiuni săvârşite în sfera activităţii economice externe (art.248 şi 249 CP RM): studiu de drept penal [Articol]
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Prezentul articol este dedicat analizei de drept penal a infracţiunilor prevăzute la art.248 şi 249 CP RM. Printre altele, se stabileşte: 1) dacă făptuitorul confecţionează şi/sau deţine declaraţia neautentică – în scopul prezentării acesteia către organul vamal – vom fi în prezenţa pregătirii de una dintre infracţiunile prevăzute la alin.(1)-(3) art.248 CP RM; 2) dacă făptuitorul confecţionează şi/sau deţine declaraţia neautentică, după care o prezintă organului vamal – vom fi în prezenţa uneia dintre infracţiunile consumate prevăzute la alin.(1)-(3) art.248 CP RM. De asemenea, se relevă că prevederea de la lit.d) alin.(5) art.248 CP RM este complementară numai cu prevederea de la alin.(1) art.248 CP RM. În cazul infrac- ţiunilor specificate la alin.(2)-(4) art.248 CP RM – indiferent de numărul, cantitatea sau proporţiile ce caracterizează respectivele entităţi – răspunderea se va aplica conform unuia dintre aceste alineate. Această interpretare reiese din regula fixată la alin.(2) art.3 CP RM, potrivit căreia interpretarea extensivă defavorabilă a legii penale este interzisă. Un alt argument ar fi că sunt prea diferite (şi, de aceea, generatoare de confuzii) criteriile de stabilire a numărului, cantităţii sau proporţiilor diverselor entităţi care reprezintă obiectul material (imaterial) al infracţiunilor prevăzute la alin.(2)-(4) art.248 CP RM.
This article is dedicated to the penal law analysis of offenses referred to at art.248 and 249 PC RM. Among other things, it is determined: 1) if the perpetrator manufactured and/or possesses the inauthentic statement – with the intention of it submission to the customs authority – we are in the presence of preparing of the one of the offenses referred to at par.(1)-(3) art.248 PC RM; 2) if the perpetrator manufactured and/or possesses the inauthentic statement, then hereinafter presents it to the customs authority – we are in the presence of any of the consumed offenses referred to at par.(1)-(3) art.248 PC RM. It is also revealed that the provision under let. d) par.(5) art.248 PC RM is complementary only with the provision under par.(1) art.248 PC RM. Concerning the case of the offenses specified at par.(2)-(4) art.248 PC RM – regardless of the number, quantity or proportions characterizing those entities – the liability will apply under one of those paragraphs. This interpretation emerges from the rule set at par.(2) art.3 PC RM, under which the broad disadvantaged interpretation of the penal law is forbidden. Another argument would be that, there are much to different (and, therefore, generating confusion) the criteria for determining the number , quantity or proportions of the various entities that form the material (immaterial) object of the offenses referred to at par.(2)-(4) art.248 PC RM.
This article is dedicated to the penal law analysis of offenses referred to at art.248 and 249 PC RM. Among other things, it is determined: 1) if the perpetrator manufactured and/or possesses the inauthentic statement – with the intention of it submission to the customs authority – we are in the presence of preparing of the one of the offenses referred to at par.(1)-(3) art.248 PC RM; 2) if the perpetrator manufactured and/or possesses the inauthentic statement, then hereinafter presents it to the customs authority – we are in the presence of any of the consumed offenses referred to at par.(1)-(3) art.248 PC RM. It is also revealed that the provision under let. d) par.(5) art.248 PC RM is complementary only with the provision under par.(1) art.248 PC RM. Concerning the case of the offenses specified at par.(2)-(4) art.248 PC RM – regardless of the number, quantity or proportions characterizing those entities – the liability will apply under one of those paragraphs. This interpretation emerges from the rule set at par.(2) art.3 PC RM, under which the broad disadvantaged interpretation of the penal law is forbidden. Another argument would be that, there are much to different (and, therefore, generating confusion) the criteria for determining the number , quantity or proportions of the various entities that form the material (immaterial) object of the offenses referred to at par.(2)-(4) art.248 PC RM.
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STATI, Vitalie. Infracţiuni săvârşite în sfera activităţii economice externe (art.248 şi 249 CP RM): studiu de drept penal. In: Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Ştiinţe sociale. Sociologie. Asistenţă Socială. Drept. Ştiinţe Politice. Revistă ştiinţifică. 2014, nr. 8(78), pp. 124-141