Autonomia relativă a structurilor sintactice [Articol]
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Universitatea de Stat din Moldova
Abstract
Articolul analizează relația dintre semantică și sintaxă, subliniind interdependența celor două planuri în cadrul enunțului, conceput ca o structură organizată pe trei niveluri complementare: referențial-semantic, logico-sintactic și comunicativ-pragmatic. Un rol central în această organizare îl are verbul, a cărui valență determină tipul și numărul actanților; astfel, clasificarea verbelor în avalente, monovalente, bivalente și trivalente evidențiază corelația dintre sensul lexical și structura sintactică. Totuși, această corespondență nu este rigidă. Studiul pune în lumină fenomenul transferului sintactic, prin care tiparele structurale se extind dincolo de configurațiile semantice prototipice, generând variații structurale. În acest proces, un rol semnificativ îl joacă construcțiile analitice cu verbe-suport care contribuie la redistribuirea sensului lexemului verbal între constituenți. În concluzie, structurile sintactice dobândesc o autonomie funcțională relativă, menținându-și totodată ancorarea în baza semantică.
The article analyses the relationship between semantics and syntax, emphasising the interdependence of the two levels with in the utterance, conceived as a structure organised across three complementary layers: referential-semantic, logico-syntactic, and communicative-pragmatic. A central role in this organisation is played by the verb, whose valency determines the type and number of actants; thus, the classification of verbs into avalent, monovalent, bivalent, and trivalent highlights the correlation between lexical meaning and syntactic structure. However, this correspondence is not rigid. The study brings to light the phenomenon of syntactic transfer, whereby structural patterns extend beyond their prototypical semantic configurations, generating structural variation. In this process, analytic constructions with support verbs play a significant role, contributing to the redistribution of the verbal lexeme’s meaning across constituents. In conclusion, syntactic structures acquire a relative functional autonomy while remaining anchored in the semantic base.
The article analyses the relationship between semantics and syntax, emphasising the interdependence of the two levels with in the utterance, conceived as a structure organised across three complementary layers: referential-semantic, logico-syntactic, and communicative-pragmatic. A central role in this organisation is played by the verb, whose valency determines the type and number of actants; thus, the classification of verbs into avalent, monovalent, bivalent, and trivalent highlights the correlation between lexical meaning and syntactic structure. However, this correspondence is not rigid. The study brings to light the phenomenon of syntactic transfer, whereby structural patterns extend beyond their prototypical semantic configurations, generating structural variation. In this process, analytic constructions with support verbs play a significant role, contributing to the redistribution of the verbal lexeme’s meaning across constituents. In conclusion, syntactic structures acquire a relative functional autonomy while remaining anchored in the semantic base.
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BĂRBUŢĂ, Ion. Autonomia relativă a structurilor sintactice. Philologia. 2026, nr. 1 (326), pp. 5-18. ISSN 1857-4300, E-ISSN 2587-3717. Disponibil: https://doi.org/10.52505/1857-4300.2026.1(326).01