TELEVIZIUNEA DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA ÎN ANII DE HOTAR ÎNTRE EPOCI (1978 – 1988)
Date
2023
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
CEP USM
Abstract
Perioada analizată a istoriei televiziunii din Republica Moldova (1978–1988) cuprinde anii de trecere de la sistemul politic totalitarist spre o societate democratică. Însă, emisia de la sfârșitul anilor ‹70, începutul anilor ‹80, continua să se desfășoare în aceleași condiții de cenzură crasă, caracteristică perioadelor precedente. Politicile editoriale ale vizualului erau axate pe reflectarea educaţiei comuniste a poporului, a propagandei de partid şi a oglindirii întrecerii socialiste interminabile „de la congres la congres”. În a doua jumătate a anilor ‹80, când oficial au fost anunţate politicile de restructurare, de transparenţă şi de democratizare, schimbările în mass-media devin mai vizibile şi mai semnificative. La început, apar mai multe emisiuni, în care se pun în discuţie modalităţile de construire a unui nou model de socialism – „socialism democratic”, „socialism dezvoltat”, „socialism cu faţă umană” şi alte invenţii ale ideologiei comuniste. Însă, tot mai des în emisie răsună sintagme neobişnuite pentru telespectatorul sovietic, cum ar fi „valori general-umane”, „pluralism de opinii”, „sistem democratic” ş.a. În societate tot mai insistent răsunau deja viziuni şi idei noi de transformare a comunităţii, de schimbări radicale politice, sociale, economice, care într-un viitor apropiat au adus prăbuşirea monopolului partidului-stat, dispariţia televiziunii centralizate de stat şi apariţia unui sistem concurenţial al audiovizualului.
The years 1978-1987 were marked by the dramatic transition from a totalitarian political system to a more democratic society, which significantly impacted also the television of the Republic of Moldova. However, broadcasting from the end of the years ‘70, and the beginning of the ‘80s, continued to take place under the same conditions of fierce censorship, typical for the previous periods. The editorial policies of the visual were focused mostly on reflecting the ,,communist education” of the people, of the communist party propaganda, and the endless transmission of reportages about the socialist contest ,,from Congress to Congress”. Starting from the second half of the ‘80s, when the „Perestroika”, and „Glasnost” - transparency and democratization policies officially were announced, the changes in the mass media become more visible and significant. In the beginning, several new broadcasts appeared, where the ways of building a new model of socialism were been discussed: - „democratic socialism”, „developed socialism”, „socialism with a human face” and other inventions of communist ideology. Yet, more and more unusual phrases sounded for the Soviet viewer in the broadcast, such as „general-human values”, „pluralism of opinions”, „democratic system” and so on. New visions and ideas of transforming the community, of radical political, social, and economic changes were debated in society. In the end, they brought about the collapse of the Party-State, the disappearance of the centralized state television, and the arrival of a new competitive system of audiovisual.
The years 1978-1987 were marked by the dramatic transition from a totalitarian political system to a more democratic society, which significantly impacted also the television of the Republic of Moldova. However, broadcasting from the end of the years ‘70, and the beginning of the ‘80s, continued to take place under the same conditions of fierce censorship, typical for the previous periods. The editorial policies of the visual were focused mostly on reflecting the ,,communist education” of the people, of the communist party propaganda, and the endless transmission of reportages about the socialist contest ,,from Congress to Congress”. Starting from the second half of the ‘80s, when the „Perestroika”, and „Glasnost” - transparency and democratization policies officially were announced, the changes in the mass media become more visible and significant. In the beginning, several new broadcasts appeared, where the ways of building a new model of socialism were been discussed: - „democratic socialism”, „developed socialism”, „socialism with a human face” and other inventions of communist ideology. Yet, more and more unusual phrases sounded for the Soviet viewer in the broadcast, such as „general-human values”, „pluralism of opinions”, „democratic system” and so on. New visions and ideas of transforming the community, of radical political, social, and economic changes were debated in society. In the end, they brought about the collapse of the Party-State, the disappearance of the centralized state television, and the arrival of a new competitive system of audiovisual.
Description
Keywords
televiziune, restructurare, democratizare, politici editoriale, propagandă televizată, sistem de guvernare, totalitarism, television, restructuring, democratization, editorial policies, televised propaganda, government system, totalitarianism
Citation
PARFENTIEV, Boris. Televiziunea din Republica Moldova în anii de hotar între epoci (1978 – 1988). În: Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Științe economice și ale comunicării. 2023, nr.1 (11), Chișinău: CEP USM, 2023, pp.97-106 ISSN 2587-4446