Institutul de Fiziologie si Sanocreatologie

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NEOLOGIZAREA LIMBII ROMÂNE. METAFORA TERMINOLOGICĂ
(CEP USM, 2023) Mincu, Eugenia; Macovei, Dorina
În limitele sistematicităţii limbii, este posibilitatea de „a da un corp concret unei impresii greu de exprimat” (Gaston Bachelard). Termenii-împrumuturi (metafore inițiale) din limbile moderne sunt considerați, din perspectivă metaforică, totalmente neutralizați. Sugestia metaforică, preluată din limba de origine (greacă sau latină) este aproape estompată. Prin urmare, acești termeni-împrumuturi sunt supuși procesului de demetaforizare. Astfel, neologismele terminologice reflectă două procese cronologic distincte: a) metaforizarea realizată în momentul de formare a unei terminologii, prin traduceri din greacă sau latină (traducere din limbile greacă și latină → termen științific → metaforă); și b) demetaforizarea termenului științific în limbajele epocii moderne (metaforă greco-latină → termen științific). Prezentul articol propune investigări ale termenilor utilizați în limbajul medical, având drept suport reflectarea proceselor metaforizare → demetaforizare.
Academicianul Boris MELNIC – omul științei, homologiei și valorilor umane [Articol]
(CEP USM, 2023) Mereuță, Ion
ROLUL MICROBIOTEI INTESTINALE ÎN MENȚINEREA STĂRII IMUNOMETABOLICE ȘI PREVENIREA METAINFLAMAȚIEI
(CEP USM, 2024) Fedaș, Vasile
The results of scientific research indicate that an important role in the pathogenesis of obe sity and the metabolic syndrome is played by the intestinal microbiota (MI), which is involved in the regulation of the host’s metabolism through symbiotic interactions with it. At the same time, a shift in the gut’s microbial ecosystem, according to cutting-edge research, contributes to signi ficant metabolic and immune disturbances in animals and humans. The environment and diet in the first 3 years of life are essential for the acquisition of an adult type of microbiota and the for mation of a microbiota-host symbiosis, which significantly affects the development of the immune and nervous systems. Although the microbiota is very diverse in the intestines, for example, there are representatives of about 70 types of bacteria, however, most of them are represented by two types: Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.
INFLUIENȚA EXTRACTULUI DE POLIFENOLI DIN NUCILE VERZI ASUPRA METABOLISMULUI GLUTATIONULUI DIN SERIUL SANGUIN AL COCOȘILOR
(CEP USM, 2024) Roșca, Nicolae; Balan, Ion; Buzan, Vladimir; Balacci, Sergiu; Furdui, Vlada; Mereută, Ion; Osipciuc, Galina; Crețu, Roman; Bacu, Gheorghii
In this paper, the influence of polyphenol extract from green walnuts on glutathione metabo lism in the blood serum of breeding roosters was studied. To achieve this purpose, hydroalcoholic extract from green walnuts was used, with a total antioxidant activity of 548,37 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 gr. For the study were used two batches of roosters, of five animals in each batch, experimental and control. As a result of the research on the influence of metabolism, changes were obtained in the content of SH-groups, G-TP, G-S-T, as well as amino acids, which are part of the glutathione composition and which were studied in different biological fluids and repro ductive cells. The basic mechanism of the central role of thiol-mediated redox control in cellular metabolism is the ability of thiol groups to reversibly change their redox state with subsequent changes in the conformational, catalytic or regulatory functions of the protein.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ НЕКОТОРЫХ НЕЙРОМЕДИАТОРНЫХ АМИНОКИСЛОТ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМИ ГЕПАТОПАТИЯМ
(CEP USM, 2024) Березовская, Елена; Лупашко, Юлианна; Думбрава, Влада-Татьяна; Постолати, Галина
Glycine, Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Glutamate, and Aspartate are neurotransmitter amino acids. It was examined 24 patients with chronic hepatopathy: 12 patients with chronic HBV infection (group I) and 12 patients with hepatic steatosis (group II), the control group (CG) consisted of 12 practically healthy individuals. Quantitative determination of Aspartate, Glutamate, Glycine and GABA in blood serum was carried out using liquid chromatography. In I-st group of patients the level of Glycine was 18.76±1.45, GABA - 0.83±0.06, Aspartate – 5.56±0.97, and Glutamate – 6.34±0.70 mcM/dL. In II-nd group: the level of Glycine was 22.37±0.91, GABA - 0.77±0.03, Aspartate – 5.16±0.74, and Glutamate – 7.87±1.47 mcM/dL. In CG: the level of Glycine y was 22.93±2.21, GABA – 0.55±0.06, Aspartate – 2.69±0.45, and Glutamate – 12.46±1.92 mcM/dL. A violation of neurotransmitter amino acids metabolism is found in chronic hepatopathy. A decrease in glycine and glutamate was observed in patient’s blood serum, with an increase in GABA and aspartate. These disorders are most profound in individuals with chronic viral infection B.
MODIFICĂRILE CANTITATIVE ȘI CALITATIVE ALE MICROBIOTEI INTESTINALE CA PREDICTOR PRECOCE AL CANCERULUI COLORECTAL
(CEP USM, 2024) Leorda, Ana; Șeptițchi, Vladimir; Tolstenco, Dorina
As a pressing global health problem, colorectal cancer (CRC) requires effective therapeutic strategies, and the underlying mechanisms remain an essential subject of investigation in this field. The problem of identifying some predictive markers of the probability of the appearance of this type of malignant neoplasms is quite current. Disturbance of the normal community of intes tinal bacteria represents an important problem in the development of CRC, thus new predictive markers of the probability of the appearance of this type of malignant neoplasms can be identi fied in changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microbiota (MI). The subsequent development of preparations based on previously identified indigenous medicinal plants, which on the one hand have an anti-cancer effect, and on the other hand possess prebiotic properties, stimulate the multiplication of normal intestinal microbial flora. Targeted formation and maintenance of normal intestinal microbiota will be the basis for the development of new strategies in the prevention and treatment of CRC.
INFAMAȚIA SISTEMICĂ CRONICĂ ȘI MECANISMELE DE DECLANȘARE A PROCESELOR PARAMETABOLICE
(CEP USM, 2024) Mereuță, Ion; Baciu, Anatolie; Poleacova, Lilia; Fedaș, Vasile
The paper discusses the mechanisms of the primary occurrence of obesity through the ac tivation of the pro-inflammatory system, which ultimately lead to the occurrence of meta-inflam mation. The study of immunometabolism includes two main aspects: 1) the effects of the immune system on organs and tissues through the control of systemic metabolism; 2) the influence of the metabolic state of the bioenergetic organism through immune cells. Obesity as a heterogeneous multifactorial chronic disease is characterized by a wide pre valence, progressive increase in morbidity, high cardiometabolic risk. Central and peripheral obesity with insulin resistance (IR) is closely associated with type II DM. Several mechanisms are involved in the genesis of impaired insulin sensitivity: lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress (degradation of damaged proteins in the cell), mitochondrial dysfunction, oxi dative stress and chronic inflammation in metabolically active tissues (adipose tissue, intestines, muscles, pancreas, liver).
INTERDISCIPLINARY INTERACTION IN THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A HUMAN LIVING ENVIRONMENT THAT HEALS RATHER THAN KILLS
(CEP USM, 2024) Baciu, Anatolie; Listopadova, Liudmila
A synthetic review for a conceptual solution of not only socio-economic, but, above all, environmental and health problems of research and development of the environment for daily, educational, and professional human activity. The determining effect of environmental factors can and must be used to ensure the harmonization of the coexistence of people in the ecosystem, based on its sustainable development and biodiversity. It is proposed to plan and design the ur ban and rural environment through interdisciplinary interaction of researchers and developers in the fields of Natural Sciences, Landscape Science, Agriculture, Physical Culture and Sports, Regenerative Medicine, Architecture, Design and Construction, Transport, Energy, Water Supply, etc.
CAUZELE ESENȚIALE ALE STRESULUI OXIDATIV AL SPERMATOZOIZILOR ȘI FACTORII CE INDUC STRESUL OXIDATIV ȘI AFECTEAZĂ NEGATIV SPERMATOGENEZA
(CEP USM, 2024) Bulat, Olga
Recently, male infertility is increasing. According to statistical data published by the World Health Organization, about 17.5% of the adults suffer from infertility, which means, roughly every sixth person in the world. The oxidative stress, which negatively affects spermatogenesis is one of the causes of infertility. Spermatogenesis is a difficult, highly sensitive process of cell diffe rentiation; different body systems participate in its regulation. Violations of any connection affect the process of spermatogenesis and ultimately affect sperm parameters. The article presents the scientific data on the causes and factors that induce oxidative stress and negatively affect sperma togenesis. The factors favoring its development are numerous, among the most common factors are: inflammation, testicular torsion, increased temperature in the scrotum, varicocele, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, toxins, ionizing radiation, age, sperm freezing.
Sănătatea societății contemporane – problemă globală ce amenință viitorul civilizației. Rezolvarea problemei sănătății e posibilă doar prin dezvoltarea sanocreatologiei
(Editura USM, 2024) Furdui, Teodor; Ciochină, Valentina; Furdui, Vlada; Vudu, Stela; Priseajniuc, Victoria; Glijin, Aliona; Balan, Ion; Vrabie, Valeria; Jitari, Iurii
The paper examines the problem of somato-vegetative health of the contemporary population as one of the most important, which determines the future of civilization. The analysis of the bibliographic literature indicates the insufficient study of the systems and mechanisms that determine the formation,maintenance and deterioration of health, as a specific phenomenon that ensures the human vitality and daily activity. Based on the literature and special own studies, the definition of somatovegetative health, physiological and psychical indicators of health identification, determinants of the formation and deterioration of health were developed and argued. Evidence is provided in support of the statement of the way to solve the health problem - the development of sanocreatology, science about creating,maintaining, strengthening health of the human organism and preventing its premature deterioration.
Proprietățile celulelor stem spermatogoniale în mediul nișelor fiziologice și metabolice testiculare
(Editura USM, 2024) Balan, Ion; Gavojdian, Dinu; Budevici, Alexandr; Roșca, Nicolae; Buzan, Vladimir; Balacci, Sergiu; Osipciuc, Galina; Furdui, Vlada; Harea, Vasile; Cretu, Roman; Bacu, Gheorghe; Țurcanu, Parascovia; Temciuc, Vlad; Filippov, Artiom
Spermatogenesis is a continuous process, maintained by the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC), which arise from undifferentiated precursors (gonocytes) in the physiological conditions of the testicular cell niche. SSC serve as the foundation for the physiology of continuous spermatogenesis, they have the ability to self-renew by differentiation to produce spermatozoa suitable for fertilization, therefore the knowledge of the regulatory processes of SSC is of great importance for understanding the fundamental molecular mechanisms of the function of these cells in spermatogenesis. By strict physiological regulation, spermatogonial transitions occur with a complete non-exploitation of equivalent changes in metabolism, a conserved overregulation of mitochondrial function, biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in spermatogony differentiation, as well as the relationship between metabolism and the external microenvironment. In the present paper we have tried to review the current state of research in CSS physiology and biology, as well as their molecular regulation, in the physiological and metabolic niches, necessary for fundamental investigations and possible practical applications. Elucidation of the exact mechanisms and characteristics of testicular maturation events and gonocyte transition to SSC by activation of CSS-specific pathways or early embryonic establishment of transcriptional profiling of neonatal and prepubertal spermatogonia will contribute to new achievements of biological, physiological and metabolic aspects of SSC. Increased knowledge regarding the biology, physiology and metabolism of SSC will improve our understanding of the possibilities of applying SSC tools and manipulations in the evolution of spermatogenesis mechanisms.
Fiziologia şi sănătatea: congresul VIII fiziologilor din Republica Moldova cu participare internaţională,14-15 noiembrie 2024
(Editura USM, 2024)
Morfofuncționalitatea mitocondrială în evoluția spermatogenezei la mamifere
(Editura USM, 2024) Balan, Ion; Surai, Peter; Marin, Paula Monica; Balacci, Sergiu; Roșca, Nicolae; Buzan, Vladimir; Petcu, Igor; Mereuță, Ion; Osipciuc, Galina; Popa, Valerian; Vîhrist, Ecaterina
In spermatogenesis, mitochondria are particularly important for the development and maintenance of germ cells and the production of healthy gametes. Deficiencies in these processes lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal spermatogenesis. The classical roles of mitochondria in energy production, metabolism and apoptosis have been well defined, but they also have various other functions. Mitochondria are also involved in testosterone production, regulating proton secretion in the lumen to maintain an acidic state in the epididymis, and condensing sperm DNA. In the available literature on sperm mitochondria, it is increasingly recognized that the morphology and functional status of mitochondria has a significant impact on sperm characteristics. Although mitochondria are recognized as essential for sperm, their exact pathophysiological role and functioning are complex. Understanding and managing mitochondrial quality control could be a valuable approach for developing new strategies in the physiological evolution of spermatogenesis.
Preventing mental and physical fatigue in adolescents' reproductive system development by modernising educational technologies
(Editura USM, 2024) Baciu, Anatolie; Listopadova, Lyudmila
The purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize data on educational technologies aimed at facilitating perception, deeper understanding of mechanisms and apply a method of emotional state detection based on facial action coding system (FACS). The review demonstrates the demand and attractiveness for investment of modernized visualization, computer simulation and virtual immersion techniques in understanding complex fundamental mechanisms of living systems at different levels of organization. The described conceptual solutions have a great potential to facilitate, increase the productivity of the educational process and prevent mental and physical fatigue of schoolchildren, especially in the period of their puberty against the background of increased risk of formation of stressogenic suppression of neuroendocrine mechanisms and reproductive failure in the future mature organism. In the practical part, testing of virtual immersion in conditionally neutral, safe and threatening environments on adolescent volunteers after the end of training sessions showed that viewing threatening video content is accompanied by an increase in mimic movements in the area of localization of musculus corrugator supercilii on the background of minimization of movements in the area of musculus zygomaticus major and minor. We assume that immersive virtual reality technologies can be successfully applied to solve various tasks related to the modernization of science education. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the expression of emotions in schoolchildren can be successfully used to identify the degree of purposefulness, concentration, the presence of motivation and satisfaction or, conversely, dissatisfaction and disgust, as well as for early detection of manifestations of mental or physical fatigue.
IMPACTUL SANO- ȘI DISSANOGEN AL DIETEI ASUPRA HOMEOSTAZIEI MICROBIOTEI INTESTINALE ȘI RELAȚIA ACESTEIA CU METABOLISMUL AMINOACIZILOR
(CEP USM, 2024) Leorda, Ana; Garaeva, Svetlana; Tolstenco, Dorina
Despite extensive scientific evidence supporting the relationship between dietary factors and gut microbiota composition and function, the underlying mechanisms and their potential impact are far from clear. Thus, the paper aim is to elucidate the components of the diet with a sanogenic and dissanogenic impact on the intestinal microbiota and its relationship with amino acid metabolism. Food intake has an indisputable impact on the development of the intestinal microbiota. The individual intestinal microbiota, while remaining relatively stable in a healthy organism, can vary qualitatively and quantitatively under of internal and external factors influence. The diet protein component targeted modification can regulate the functioning of microbial populations, which determines the sanogenicity of the body’s homeostasis.
FACTORI INTRINSECI CU IMPACT SANOGEN ASUPRA PROCESULUI DE DIGESTIE ÎN INTESTINUL SUBȚIRE
(CEP USM, 2024) Şeptiţchi, Vladimir; Leorda, Ana
The purpose of this article is to identify, based on an analysis of specialized literature and previously obtained own data, intrinsic factors of a sanogenic nature that affect the digestion process in the small intestine. Modern approaches have been formulated about the digestion of nutrients in the small intestine, its main stages, the cellular elements directly involved in its implementation and the regulatory mechanisms that ensure the sanogenic level of digestive processes. Based on an analysis of the literature and previously obtained experimental data, a series of intrinsic factors with a sanogenic character were identified, at the level of cellular elements and organs that directly ensure digestion in the small intestine and the nervous and hormonal regulation of digestion in the small intestine.
ALIMENTAȚIA CA FACTOR AL MENȚINERII HOMEOSTAZIEI IMUNE
(CEP USM, 2024) Bulat, Olga
Immune homeostasis is a balance between immunological tolerance and inflammatory immune responses, which is a key factor in maintaining the health of the body. Many endo and exogenous factors affect immune homeostasis. One such factor is nutrition. Macro and micronutrients found in food products in turn affect all body systems, including the immune system. This article analyzes the data in order to identify the main macro and microelements involved in maintaining immune homeostasis. It was found that nutrients, from which proteins, fats, carbohydrates can be isolated as macronutrients, as well as vitamins A, groups B, C, D, E, zinc, selenium, copper from micronutrients, more or less affect congenital and acquired immunity.
Caracteristicile microbiotei în diferite segmente ale tubului digestiv: particularitățile de colonizare și semnificația pentru sănătat
(Editura USM, 2024) Bogdan, Victoria
Diverse microbial communities colonize distinct segments of the gastrointestinal tract, influencing human health and pathology. The concentration and composition of the microbiota vary in different parts of the body and digestive tract: 20% in the oral cavity, 15-16% in the oropharynx, 40% in the esophagogastroduodenal region and intestines, 18-20% on the skin, and 2-10% in the urogenital tract. Bacterial colonization is dictated by environmental conditions (aerobic/anaerobic, pH), with most intestinal bacteria being anaerobic, but some segments, such as the cecum, can have high densities of aerobic bacteria. The oxygen concentration along the intestine and in early life determines the bacterial composition, with the first colonizing bacteria being aerobic or facultative anaerobes (Enterobacteria, Enterococci, and Staphylococci). As these consume oxygen, the environment becomes suitable for anaerobic bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Clostridia, Bacteroides). The bacterial community of the digestive tract has coevolved with the human species,establishing mechanisms of beneficial coexistence (commensalism). Proper colonization of the digestive tract immediately after birth is crucial for later health, influenced by the mode of birth, breastfeeding, nutrition, and microbiome modulation by the immune system. This forms the basis for the development of the gastrointestinal tract and immune system and establishes the pattern of the adult microbiome.
Иммуномодуляторный эффект рационовпитания с преимущественным содержанием протеинов
(Editura USM, 2024) Булат, Ольга
With the development of sanocreatology, special attention is given to methods aimed at influencing the functions of various systems and organs, including the immune system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diets with different protein ratios on the concentrations of immunoglobulins A, M, and G in old rats. Experiments were conducted on aged (24 months) female white laboratory rats. The experiments were conducted over a period of 30 days. It was found that in groups of animals fed a diet with protein concentration exceedingly twice the norm, the serum immunoglobulin A levels significantly decreased, while immunoglobulins M and G remained unchanged. This indicates a selective deficiency of immunoglobulin A, which may be explained by nephrotic syndrome.
The relationship of the intestinal microflora and reproductive health (Review)
(Editura USM, 2024) Furdui, Vlada; Ciobanu, Elena; Leorda, Ana; Balan, Ion
În prezent, există o creștere pe scară largă a interesului pentru microflora intestinală și impactul acesteia asupra sănătății și bolilor umane. Acest articol prezintă sinteză narativă privind interrelația dintre microbiomul intestinal și sănătatea reproductivă. Sunt studiate atât patologiile sistemului de reproducere feminin asociate cu disbioza intestinală, cât și relația dintre microbiota intestinală și funcția de reproducere a bărbaților. Cercetările viitoare ar trebui să se orienteze pe identificarea mecanismelor moleculare care stau la baza relației cauzale dintre microbiota intestinală și sănătatea reproducerii.