Institutul de Fiziologie si Sanocreatologie

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NEOLOGIZAREA LIMBII ROMÂNE. METAFORA TERMINOLOGICĂ
(CEP USM, 2023) Mincu, Eugenia; Macovei, Dorina
În limitele sistematicităţii limbii, este posibilitatea de „a da un corp concret unei impresii greu de exprimat” (Gaston Bachelard). Termenii-împrumuturi (metafore inițiale) din limbile moderne sunt considerați, din perspectivă metaforică, totalmente neutralizați. Sugestia metaforică, preluată din limba de origine (greacă sau latină) este aproape estompată. Prin urmare, acești termeni-împrumuturi sunt supuși procesului de demetaforizare. Astfel, neologismele terminologice reflectă două procese cronologic distincte: a) metaforizarea realizată în momentul de formare a unei terminologii, prin traduceri din greacă sau latină (traducere din limbile greacă și latină → termen științific → metaforă); și b) demetaforizarea termenului științific în limbajele epocii moderne (metaforă greco-latină → termen științific). Prezentul articol propune investigări ale termenilor utilizați în limbajul medical, având drept suport reflectarea proceselor metaforizare → demetaforizare.
ROLUL MICROBIOTEI INTESTINALE ÎN MENȚINEREA STĂRII IMUNOMETABOLICE ȘI PREVENIREA METAINFLAMAȚIEI
(CEP USM, 2024) Fedaș, Vasile
The results of scientific research indicate that an important role in the pathogenesis of obe sity and the metabolic syndrome is played by the intestinal microbiota (MI), which is involved in the regulation of the host’s metabolism through symbiotic interactions with it. At the same time, a shift in the gut’s microbial ecosystem, according to cutting-edge research, contributes to signi ficant metabolic and immune disturbances in animals and humans. The environment and diet in the first 3 years of life are essential for the acquisition of an adult type of microbiota and the for mation of a microbiota-host symbiosis, which significantly affects the development of the immune and nervous systems. Although the microbiota is very diverse in the intestines, for example, there are representatives of about 70 types of bacteria, however, most of them are represented by two types: Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.
INFLUIENȚA EXTRACTULUI DE POLIFENOLI DIN NUCILE VERZI ASUPRA METABOLISMULUI GLUTATIONULUI DIN SERIUL SANGUIN AL COCOȘILOR
(CEP USM, 2024) Roșca, Nicolae; Balan, Ion; Buzan, Vladimir; Balacci, Sergiu; Furdui, Vlada; Mereută, Ion; Osipciuc, Galina; Crețu, Roman; Bacu, Gheorghii
In this paper, the influence of polyphenol extract from green walnuts on glutathione metabo lism in the blood serum of breeding roosters was studied. To achieve this purpose, hydroalcoholic extract from green walnuts was used, with a total antioxidant activity of 548,37 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 gr. For the study were used two batches of roosters, of five animals in each batch, experimental and control. As a result of the research on the influence of metabolism, changes were obtained in the content of SH-groups, G-TP, G-S-T, as well as amino acids, which are part of the glutathione composition and which were studied in different biological fluids and repro ductive cells. The basic mechanism of the central role of thiol-mediated redox control in cellular metabolism is the ability of thiol groups to reversibly change their redox state with subsequent changes in the conformational, catalytic or regulatory functions of the protein.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ НЕКОТОРЫХ НЕЙРОМЕДИАТОРНЫХ АМИНОКИСЛОТ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМИ ГЕПАТОПАТИЯМ
(CEP USM, 2024) Березовская, Елена; Лупашко, Юлианна; Думбрава, Влада-Татьяна; Постолати, Галина
Glycine, Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Glutamate, and Aspartate are neurotransmitter amino acids. It was examined 24 patients with chronic hepatopathy: 12 patients with chronic HBV infection (group I) and 12 patients with hepatic steatosis (group II), the control group (CG) consisted of 12 practically healthy individuals. Quantitative determination of Aspartate, Glutamate, Glycine and GABA in blood serum was carried out using liquid chromatography. In I-st group of patients the level of Glycine was 18.76±1.45, GABA - 0.83±0.06, Aspartate – 5.56±0.97, and Glutamate – 6.34±0.70 mcM/dL. In II-nd group: the level of Glycine was 22.37±0.91, GABA - 0.77±0.03, Aspartate – 5.16±0.74, and Glutamate – 7.87±1.47 mcM/dL. In CG: the level of Glycine y was 22.93±2.21, GABA – 0.55±0.06, Aspartate – 2.69±0.45, and Glutamate – 12.46±1.92 mcM/dL. A violation of neurotransmitter amino acids metabolism is found in chronic hepatopathy. A decrease in glycine and glutamate was observed in patient’s blood serum, with an increase in GABA and aspartate. These disorders are most profound in individuals with chronic viral infection B.
MODIFICĂRILE CANTITATIVE ȘI CALITATIVE ALE MICROBIOTEI INTESTINALE CA PREDICTOR PRECOCE AL CANCERULUI COLORECTAL
(CEP USM, 2024) Leorda, Ana; Șeptițchi, Vladimir; Tolstenco, Dorina
As a pressing global health problem, colorectal cancer (CRC) requires effective therapeutic strategies, and the underlying mechanisms remain an essential subject of investigation in this field. The problem of identifying some predictive markers of the probability of the appearance of this type of malignant neoplasms is quite current. Disturbance of the normal community of intes tinal bacteria represents an important problem in the development of CRC, thus new predictive markers of the probability of the appearance of this type of malignant neoplasms can be identi fied in changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microbiota (MI). The subsequent development of preparations based on previously identified indigenous medicinal plants, which on the one hand have an anti-cancer effect, and on the other hand possess prebiotic properties, stimulate the multiplication of normal intestinal microbial flora. Targeted formation and maintenance of normal intestinal microbiota will be the basis for the development of new strategies in the prevention and treatment of CRC.
INFAMAȚIA SISTEMICĂ CRONICĂ ȘI MECANISMELE DE DECLANȘARE A PROCESELOR PARAMETABOLICE
(CEP USM, 2024) Mereuță, Ion; Baciu, Anatolie; Poleacova, Lilia; Fedaș, Vasile
The paper discusses the mechanisms of the primary occurrence of obesity through the ac tivation of the pro-inflammatory system, which ultimately lead to the occurrence of meta-inflam mation. The study of immunometabolism includes two main aspects: 1) the effects of the immune system on organs and tissues through the control of systemic metabolism; 2) the influence of the metabolic state of the bioenergetic organism through immune cells. Obesity as a heterogeneous multifactorial chronic disease is characterized by a wide pre valence, progressive increase in morbidity, high cardiometabolic risk. Central and peripheral obesity with insulin resistance (IR) is closely associated with type II DM. Several mechanisms are involved in the genesis of impaired insulin sensitivity: lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress (degradation of damaged proteins in the cell), mitochondrial dysfunction, oxi dative stress and chronic inflammation in metabolically active tissues (adipose tissue, intestines, muscles, pancreas, liver).
INTERDISCIPLINARY INTERACTION IN THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A HUMAN LIVING ENVIRONMENT THAT HEALS RATHER THAN KILLS
(CEP USM, 2024) Baciu, Anatolie; Listopadova, Liudmila
A synthetic review for a conceptual solution of not only socio-economic, but, above all, environmental and health problems of research and development of the environment for daily, educational, and professional human activity. The determining effect of environmental factors can and must be used to ensure the harmonization of the coexistence of people in the ecosystem, based on its sustainable development and biodiversity. It is proposed to plan and design the ur ban and rural environment through interdisciplinary interaction of researchers and developers in the fields of Natural Sciences, Landscape Science, Agriculture, Physical Culture and Sports, Regenerative Medicine, Architecture, Design and Construction, Transport, Energy, Water Supply, etc.
CAUZELE ESENȚIALE ALE STRESULUI OXIDATIV AL SPERMATOZOIZILOR ȘI FACTORII CE INDUC STRESUL OXIDATIV ȘI AFECTEAZĂ NEGATIV SPERMATOGENEZA
(CEP USM, 2024) Bulat, Olga
Recently, male infertility is increasing. According to statistical data published by the World Health Organization, about 17.5% of the adults suffer from infertility, which means, roughly every sixth person in the world. The oxidative stress, which negatively affects spermatogenesis is one of the causes of infertility. Spermatogenesis is a difficult, highly sensitive process of cell diffe rentiation; different body systems participate in its regulation. Violations of any connection affect the process of spermatogenesis and ultimately affect sperm parameters. The article presents the scientific data on the causes and factors that induce oxidative stress and negatively affect sperma togenesis. The factors favoring its development are numerous, among the most common factors are: inflammation, testicular torsion, increased temperature in the scrotum, varicocele, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, toxins, ionizing radiation, age, sperm freezing.
THE IMPACT OF FOOD RATIONS ON THE INTERMEDIATE METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HYPERSTHENIC TYPE OF CONSTITUTION
(CEP USM, 2024) Babileva, Anastasia
The advancement of personalized nutrition systems holds significance in the future of personalized medicine. The research paper outlines the fundamental principles of sanogenic nutrition based on the hypersthenic constitution type, which serves as a criterion for individualization. When creating and computing the caloric makeup of diets for hypersthenics, special emphasis is placed on the observation that individuals with this body type have a propensity to gain weight effortlessly and encounter difficulties in shedding excess body mass. Considering the principle of food differentiation and metabolic idiosyncrasies, the hypersthenic diet should primarily comprise of nourishments that promote a decreased metabolism, rather than ones that hinder it. This entails including foods abundant in protein and limited in carbohydrates and fats. Upon analyzing the obtained findings, it can be deduced that the food ration with a protein content ranging from 20-22% is more favorable for the nitrogen metabolism process in rats of this type of constitution.
INFLUENȚA FACTORILOR INTRINSECI ȘI EXTRINSECI ASUPRA DEZVOLTĂRII CELULELOR SOMATICE ȘI GERMINALE
(CEP USM, 2024) Balan, Ion; Gavojdian, Dinu; Roşca, Nicolae; Balacci, Serghei; Buzan, Vladimir; Furdui, Vlada; Osipciuc, Galina; Harea, Vasile
Mammalian spermatogenesis is the most complex regulated process of cell development and represents a specific physiological process for the study of the peculiarities of the mechanism of spermatogenesis and for perceiving the basic evolution of all developmental processes, since it involves specific molecular processes of somatic and sex cells. Spermatogenesis generates spermatozoa from spermatogonal stem cells through several stages and comprises spermatocytogenesis, meiosis and spermiogenesis with the continuous unfolding of molecular events of mitosis, meiosis and epigenetic dynamic changes at the morphological and molecular level. Spermatogenesis establishes some dynamic changes by overlapping the functions of different types of cells and is maintained by different physiological factors impacting testicular morphofunction. The existing overlaps complicate the conclusive elucidation of the individual roles of different somatic and germ cells in the self-renewal, proliferation and apoptosis of spermatogonial stem cells and create difficulties in understanding the contribution of distinct signaling molecules during spermatogenesis. Several factors, compounds secreted by all somatic cells, including Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells and Leydig cells are involved in the regulation and development of spermatogenesis, but the mechanisms by which these factors interact in somatic and germ cells are largely unknown and a comprehensive study of these cells is needed.
ROLUL AMINOACIZILOR ÎN REGLAREA HOMEOSTAZIEI TRACTULUI GASTROINTESTINAL
(CEP USM, 2024) Garaeva, Svetlana; Leorda, Ana; Postolati, Galina
Influența aminoacizilor liberi asupra tractului gastrointestinal are loc, pe de o parte, prin aminoacizii care circulă în sânge, iar pe de altă parte, prin activitatea hepatică și a metabolomului intestinal. Menținerea nivelului sanogen al homeostaziei acestui sistem este strâns legată de aprovizionarea cu aminoacizi esențiali prin intermediul alimentelor. Aportul în organism a cantității optime de aminoacizi proteinogeni reglează menținerea nivelului sanogen al homeostaziei organelor și țesuturilor tractului gastrointestinal. Cei mai semnificativi sunt aminoacizii aromatici și cei cu lanț ramificat, care reglează activitatea ficatului, pancreasului și sinteza acizilor grași. Menținerea unui nivel normal de mucus intestinal este asociată cu aportul alimentar de treonină, serină, prolină și cisteină. Aminoacizii sulfurați pot fi considerați unul dintre mijloacele nespecifice de reglare și menținere a nivelului sanogen al homeostaziei tractului gastrointestinal.
INFLUENȚA STRUCTURII CALORICE A RAȚIILOR ASUPRA METABOLISMULUI INTERMEDIAR AL AMINOACIZILOR LIBERI ESENȚIALI LA TIPUL ASTENIC AL CONSTITUȚEI
(CEP USM, 2024) Babileva, Anastasia; Carauş, Vladimir
The advancement of personalized nutrition systems holds significance in the future of personalized medicine. The research paper outlines the fundamental principles of sanogenic nutrition based on the asthenic constitution type, which serves as a criterion for individualization. Individuals with an asthenic constitution type are primarily characterized by a heightened level of metabolic processes, which influences their dietary requirements. To ensure sustainable and healthy metabolism and morphophysiological functioning, the nutrition of asthenic individuals should focus on maintaining a high metabolic rate. The diet for asthenic individuals primarily consists of products that support an elevated metabolism without further stimulation (as it is already high in asthenics). These products include energy-rich foods like carbohydrates and lipids, while proteins are consumed in minimal quantities.
INFO-DIGITAL ADDICTION: A NEW INTEGRATED CONCEPT AND TERM FOR NON-CHEMICAL ADDICTIONS RELATED TO THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
(CEP USM, 2024) Gritenco, Ella; Borșev, Iuri; Şeptiţchi, Vladimir
The aim of this work is to draw the attention of the scientific community to the necessity of a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon related to gaming or internet addiction, social media addiction, and other types of addictions often generalized under the term “digital addiction” or “technological addiction”. This article proposes the introduction and use of a new integrated term, “Info-Digital Addiction” (IDA), which takes into account the interdependence and interconnectedness of both information and digital technologies that exist inseparably from each other, as well as the complexity and multifaceted nature of the phenomenon under consideration. The analysis is based on an extensive review of literature and current research. The introduction of a unified term is necessary for the standardization, integration, and unification of the understanding of the entire spectrum of this issue and the development of common strategies for the prevention and treatment of the vast variety of types of this non-chemical (behavioral) addiction among children and adults, which, in the future, will likely need to be distinguished and defined as a separate group of addictions. The topic of the article represents an innovative and controversial approach to the study of addiction related to the use of information and digital technologies.
IMPACTUL SANO- ȘI DISSANOGEN AL DIETEI ASUPRA HOMEOSTAZIEI MICROBIOTEI INTESTINALE ȘI RELAȚIA ACESTEIA CU METABOLISMUL AMINOACIZILOR
(CEP USM, 2024) Leorda, Ana; Garaeva, Svetlana; Tolstenco, Dorina
Despite extensive scientific evidence supporting the relationship between dietary factors and gut microbiota composition and function, the underlying mechanisms and their potential impact are far from clear. Thus, the paper aim is to elucidate the components of the diet with a sanogenic and dissanogenic impact on the intestinal microbiota and its relationship with amino acid metabolism. Food intake has an indisputable impact on the development of the intestinal microbiota. The individual intestinal microbiota, while remaining relatively stable in a healthy organism, can vary qualitatively and quantitatively under of internal and external factors influence. The diet protein component targeted modification can regulate the functioning of microbial populations, which determines the sanogenicity of the body’s homeostasis.
FACTORI INTRINSECI CU IMPACT SANOGEN ASUPRA PROCESULUI DE DIGESTIE ÎN INTESTINUL SUBȚIRE
(CEP USM, 2024) Şeptiţchi, Vladimir; Leorda, Ana
The purpose of this article is to identify, based on an analysis of specialized literature and previously obtained own data, intrinsic factors of a sanogenic nature that affect the digestion process in the small intestine. Modern approaches have been formulated about the digestion of nutrients in the small intestine, its main stages, the cellular elements directly involved in its implementation and the regulatory mechanisms that ensure the sanogenic level of digestive processes. Based on an analysis of the literature and previously obtained experimental data, a series of intrinsic factors with a sanogenic character were identified, at the level of cellular elements and organs that directly ensure digestion in the small intestine and the nervous and hormonal regulation of digestion in the small intestine.
ALIMENTAȚIA CA FACTOR AL MENȚINERII HOMEOSTAZIEI IMUNE
(CEP USM, 2024) Bulat, Olga
Immune homeostasis is a balance between immunological tolerance and inflammatory immune responses, which is a key factor in maintaining the health of the body. Many endo and exogenous factors affect immune homeostasis. One such factor is nutrition. Macro and micronutrients found in food products in turn affect all body systems, including the immune system. This article analyzes the data in order to identify the main macro and microelements involved in maintaining immune homeostasis. It was found that nutrients, from which proteins, fats, carbohydrates can be isolated as macronutrients, as well as vitamins A, groups B, C, D, E, zinc, selenium, copper from micronutrients, more or less affect congenital and acquired immunity.
Sănătatea societății contemporane – problemă globală ce amenință viitorul civilizației. Rezolvarea problemei sănătății e posibilă doar prin dezvoltarea sanocreatologiei
(Editura USM, 2024) Furdui, Teodor; Ciochină, Valentina; Furdui, Vlada; Vudu, Stela; Priseajniuc, Victoria; Glijin, Aliona; Balan, Ion; Vrabie, Valeria; Jitari, Iurii
The paper examines the problem of somato-vegetative health of the contemporary population as one of the most important, which determines the future of civilization. The analysis of the bibliographic literature indicates the insufficient study of the systems and mechanisms that determine the formation,maintenance and deterioration of health, as a specific phenomenon that ensures the human vitality and daily activity. Based on the literature and special own studies, the definition of somatovegetative health, physiological and psychical indicators of health identification, determinants of the formation and deterioration of health were developed and argued. Evidence is provided in support of the statement of the way to solve the health problem - the development of sanocreatology, science about creating,maintaining, strengthening health of the human organism and preventing its premature deterioration.
Proprietățile celulelor stem spermatogoniale în mediul nișelor fiziologice și metabolice testiculare
(Editura USM, 2024) Balan, Ion; Gavojdian, Dinu; Budevici, Alexandr; Roșca, Nicolae; Buzan, Vladimir; Balacci, Sergiu; Osipciuc, Galina; Furdui, Vlada; Harea, Vasile; Cretu, Roman; Bacu, Gheorghe; Țurcanu, Parascovia; Temciuc, Vlad; Filippov, Artiom
Spermatogenesis is a continuous process, maintained by the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC), which arise from undifferentiated precursors (gonocytes) in the physiological conditions of the testicular cell niche. SSC serve as the foundation for the physiology of continuous spermatogenesis, they have the ability to self-renew by differentiation to produce spermatozoa suitable for fertilization, therefore the knowledge of the regulatory processes of SSC is of great importance for understanding the fundamental molecular mechanisms of the function of these cells in spermatogenesis. By strict physiological regulation, spermatogonial transitions occur with a complete non-exploitation of equivalent changes in metabolism, a conserved overregulation of mitochondrial function, biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in spermatogony differentiation, as well as the relationship between metabolism and the external microenvironment. In the present paper we have tried to review the current state of research in CSS physiology and biology, as well as their molecular regulation, in the physiological and metabolic niches, necessary for fundamental investigations and possible practical applications. Elucidation of the exact mechanisms and characteristics of testicular maturation events and gonocyte transition to SSC by activation of CSS-specific pathways or early embryonic establishment of transcriptional profiling of neonatal and prepubertal spermatogonia will contribute to new achievements of biological, physiological and metabolic aspects of SSC. Increased knowledge regarding the biology, physiology and metabolism of SSC will improve our understanding of the possibilities of applying SSC tools and manipulations in the evolution of spermatogenesis mechanisms.
Fiziologia şi sănătatea: congresul VIII fiziologilor din Republica Moldova cu participare internaţională,14-15 noiembrie 2024
(Editura USM, 2024)
Morfofuncționalitatea mitocondrială în evoluția spermatogenezei la mamifere
(Editura USM, 2024) Balan, Ion; Surai, Peter; Marin, Paula Monica; Balacci, Sergiu; Roșca, Nicolae; Buzan, Vladimir; Petcu, Igor; Mereuță, Ion; Osipciuc, Galina; Popa, Valerian; Vîhrist, Ecaterina
In spermatogenesis, mitochondria are particularly important for the development and maintenance of germ cells and the production of healthy gametes. Deficiencies in these processes lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal spermatogenesis. The classical roles of mitochondria in energy production, metabolism and apoptosis have been well defined, but they also have various other functions. Mitochondria are also involved in testosterone production, regulating proton secretion in the lumen to maintain an acidic state in the epididymis, and condensing sperm DNA. In the available literature on sperm mitochondria, it is increasingly recognized that the morphology and functional status of mitochondria has a significant impact on sperm characteristics. Although mitochondria are recognized as essential for sperm, their exact pathophysiological role and functioning are complex. Understanding and managing mitochondrial quality control could be a valuable approach for developing new strategies in the physiological evolution of spermatogenesis.