Institutul de Fiziologie si Sanocreatologie

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Academicianul Boris MELNIC – omul științei, homologiei și valorilor umane [Articol]
(CEP USM, 2023) Mereuță, Ion
ALIMENTAȚIA CA FACTOR AL MENȚINERII HOMEOSTAZIEI IMUNE
(CEP USM, 2024) Bulat, Olga
Immune homeostasis is a balance between immunological tolerance and inflammatory immune responses, which is a key factor in maintaining the health of the body. Many endo and exogenous factors affect immune homeostasis. One such factor is nutrition. Macro and micronutrients found in food products in turn affect all body systems, including the immune system. This article analyzes the data in order to identify the main macro and microelements involved in maintaining immune homeostasis. It was found that nutrients, from which proteins, fats, carbohydrates can be isolated as macronutrients, as well as vitamins A, groups B, C, D, E, zinc, selenium, copper from micronutrients, more or less affect congenital and acquired immunity.
Caduceul: semnificații, utilizări și impact [Articol]
(CEP USM, 2025) Balacci, Sergiu; Balan, Ion
Caduceul, simbol mitologic cu rădăcini în mitologia greacă și romană, este asociat cu Hermes/Mercur, zeul mesager, patronul comerțului și al călătorilor. Acesta reprezintă echilibrul, comunicarea între lumi și protecția, fiind format dintr-un băţ în jurul căruia se încolăcesc doi șerpi, simbolizând dualitatea și armonia forțelor opuse ale universului. De la începuturile sale în mitologie și religie, caduceul a fost adoptat și în medicina antică, devenind un simbol al vindecării și al profesiilor medicale. În prezent, caduceul rămâne relevant în domenii precum medicina contemporană, comerțul și dreptul internațional, simbolizând autoritatea, protecția și armonia. Articolul analizează evoluția acestui simbol și modul în care a fost perceput de-a lungul timpului, evidențiind impactul său continuu, în special în contextul digital și al rețelelor sociale, și importanța sa în societățile moderne.
Caracteristicile microbiotei în diferite segmente ale tubului digestiv: particularitățile de colonizare și semnificația pentru sănătat
(Editura USM, 2024) Bogdan, Victoria
Diverse microbial communities colonize distinct segments of the gastrointestinal tract, influencing human health and pathology. The concentration and composition of the microbiota vary in different parts of the body and digestive tract: 20% in the oral cavity, 15-16% in the oropharynx, 40% in the esophagogastroduodenal region and intestines, 18-20% on the skin, and 2-10% in the urogenital tract. Bacterial colonization is dictated by environmental conditions (aerobic/anaerobic, pH), with most intestinal bacteria being anaerobic, but some segments, such as the cecum, can have high densities of aerobic bacteria. The oxygen concentration along the intestine and in early life determines the bacterial composition, with the first colonizing bacteria being aerobic or facultative anaerobes (Enterobacteria, Enterococci, and Staphylococci). As these consume oxygen, the environment becomes suitable for anaerobic bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Clostridia, Bacteroides). The bacterial community of the digestive tract has coevolved with the human species,establishing mechanisms of beneficial coexistence (commensalism). Proper colonization of the digestive tract immediately after birth is crucial for later health, influenced by the mode of birth, breastfeeding, nutrition, and microbiome modulation by the immune system. This forms the basis for the development of the gastrointestinal tract and immune system and establishes the pattern of the adult microbiome.
CAUZELE ESENȚIALE ALE STRESULUI OXIDATIV AL SPERMATOZOIZILOR ȘI FACTORII CE INDUC STRESUL OXIDATIV ȘI AFECTEAZĂ NEGATIV SPERMATOGENEZA
(CEP USM, 2024) Bulat, Olga
Recently, male infertility is increasing. According to statistical data published by the World Health Organization, about 17.5% of the adults suffer from infertility, which means, roughly every sixth person in the world. The oxidative stress, which negatively affects spermatogenesis is one of the causes of infertility. Spermatogenesis is a difficult, highly sensitive process of cell diffe rentiation; different body systems participate in its regulation. Violations of any connection affect the process of spermatogenesis and ultimately affect sperm parameters. The article presents the scientific data on the causes and factors that induce oxidative stress and negatively affect sperma togenesis. The factors favoring its development are numerous, among the most common factors are: inflammation, testicular torsion, increased temperature in the scrotum, varicocele, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, toxins, ionizing radiation, age, sperm freezing.
Concept, prevalence, development trends, and psychophysiological aspects of info-digital addiction
(Editura USM, 2024) Grințenco, Ella; Șeptițchi, Vladimir; Borshev, Yuri
The aim of this work is to analyze current sources of scientific literature on the prevalence, key development and growth trends of Info-Digital Addiction (IDA), and its psychophysiological aspects. Modern development trends, primary psychophysiological consequences, prevalence, and main research problems of IDA have been identified. An attempt has been made to introduce a new integrated concept (a generalizing term) of "Info-Digital Addiction." A significant lack of objective statistical data on IDA in the Republic of Moldova has been revealed, highlighting the need to study and monitor the trends and factors of its development among the country's population. Only a comprehensive approach and interdisciplinary cooperation will allow for a complete understanding of the problem's scale and the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for IDA.
Enhancing polyphenol delivery systems for effective chronic kidney disease management
(Editura USM, 2024) Raischi, Viorica; Covaci, Ecaterina; Filip, Lorena; Hegheș, Simona-Codruța; Neumann, Oara
Nature provided the inspiration and the ingredients for therapeutic medicine. More than 50% of all current medicinal drugs are made from herbal plants, roots, and fruits. According to the World Health Organization, 75% of the world's population uses plant-based medicine. These products contain only purified ingredients that may reduce the final product's antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, we aim to develop a method of extraction that may stabilize the antioxidant properties of the product. Polyphenols are organic compounds found in fruits and vegetables such as onions, grapes, berries, cherries, broccoli, and citrus. Polyphenols exhibit significant antibacterial and antimicrobial activity, antihypertensive and vasodilator effects, and antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic activities. Conventional extraction methods, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, or microwaveassisted extraction, use solvents with different polarities (ethanol, methanol, water, and chloroform) or elevated temperatures. Here, we developed a method of extraction and stabilization that involves an alcoholic solution and plantbased stabilizers.
Factori intrin- și extrinseci cu impact sanogen și dissanogen asupra procesului de absorbție a nutrienților în intestinul subțire [Articol]
(CEP USM, 2025) Șeptițchi, Vladimir; Leorda, Ana
Pe baza unei analize cuprinzătoare a literaturii de specialitate moderne și a propriilor date experimentale au fost identificați factori intrinseci cu character sanogen și dissanogen la nivelul elementelor celulare și organelor care asigură direct absorbția nutrienților în intestinul subțire, precum și la nivelul reglării nervoase și hormonale a acestui proces și factori extrinseci. Factori extrinseci cu caracter sanogen: alimentația sanogenă; expunerea periodică de scurtă durată la factori de stres de menajare; consumul regulat de nutrienți, care contribuie la prevenirea și corectarea tulburărilor de digestie și absorbție; activitate fizică moderată; menținerea bacteriocenozei intestinale în stare sanogenă. Factori extrinseci cu caracter dissanogen: nerespectarea principiilor alimentației sanogene, în special în ontogeneza postnatală timpurie; expunerea periodică la stres excesiv; activitate fizică redusă sau în exces; expunerea la factori, care dereglează compoziția bacteriocenozei intestinale; consumul cronic de alcool; infectii virale si bacteriene, care contribuie la dezvoltarea gastroenteritelor.
FACTORI INTRINSECI CU IMPACT SANOGEN ASUPRA PROCESULUI DE DIGESTIE ÎN INTESTINUL SUBȚIRE
(CEP USM, 2024) Şeptiţchi, Vladimir; Leorda, Ana
The purpose of this article is to identify, based on an analysis of specialized literature and previously obtained own data, intrinsic factors of a sanogenic nature that affect the digestion process in the small intestine. Modern approaches have been formulated about the digestion of nutrients in the small intestine, its main stages, the cellular elements directly involved in its implementation and the regulatory mechanisms that ensure the sanogenic level of digestive processes. Based on an analysis of the literature and previously obtained experimental data, a series of intrinsic factors with a sanogenic character were identified, at the level of cellular elements and organs that directly ensure digestion in the small intestine and the nervous and hormonal regulation of digestion in the small intestine.
Factorii alimentari sano- și dissanogeni, comuni pentru microbiocenoza intestinală și sistemul reproducător masculin
(Editura USM, 2024) Leorda, Ana; Furdui, Vlada; Tolstenco, Dorina
Diet composition is the most important extrinsic factor influencing individual differences in intestinal microbiota, and nutritional factors play a key role in determining reproductive health and can positively or negatively influence human fertility. Thus, extrinsic factors with a sanogenic character are of particular importance, which on the one hand have a positive impact on MI, and this in turn on the reproductive system, and on the other hand directly influence this system. The healthy and unhealthy aspects of the food ration with a common impact on the intestinal microbiocenosis and the reproductive system have been identified, since understanding the factors that contribute to affecting MI and decreasing male fertility is crucial for minimizing their impact. The role of intermittent fasting in maintaining the health of these two systems was also elucidated, as well as the effects of alcohol depending on the dose used.
Fiziologia şi sănătatea: congresul VIII fiziologilor din Republica Moldova cu participare internaţională,14-15 noiembrie 2024
(Editura USM, 2024)
THE IMPACT OF FOOD RATIONS ON THE INTERMEDIATE METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HYPERSTHENIC TYPE OF CONSTITUTION
(CEP USM, 2024) Babileva, Anastasia
The advancement of personalized nutrition systems holds significance in the future of personalized medicine. The research paper outlines the fundamental principles of sanogenic nutrition based on the hypersthenic constitution type, which serves as a criterion for individualization. When creating and computing the caloric makeup of diets for hypersthenics, special emphasis is placed on the observation that individuals with this body type have a propensity to gain weight effortlessly and encounter difficulties in shedding excess body mass. Considering the principle of food differentiation and metabolic idiosyncrasies, the hypersthenic diet should primarily comprise of nourishments that promote a decreased metabolism, rather than ones that hinder it. This entails including foods abundant in protein and limited in carbohydrates and fats. Upon analyzing the obtained findings, it can be deduced that the food ration with a protein content ranging from 20-22% is more favorable for the nitrogen metabolism process in rats of this type of constitution.
Impactul macro- și micronutrienților asupra statutului imun [Articol]
(CEP USM, 2025) Bulat, Olga
Alimentația este un proces esențial în menținerea sănătății organismului. Macronutrienții (proteinele, glucidele și lipidele) și micronutrienții (vitaminele, mineralele și substanțele biologic active) stau la baza tuturor proceselor organismelor vii. Aportul redus sau excesiv al nutrienților poate cauza diferite dereglări funcționale și structurale ale organelor și sistemelor de organe, inclusiv și ale sistemului imunitar. Studierea influenței acestor nutrienți asupra sistemului imunitar în ansamblu, precum și asupra parametrilor statului imun, va oferi o oportunitate de a modifica indicatorii statutului imun, prin activarea sau suprimarea anumitor funcții ale sistemului imunitar după necesitate prin intermediul rațiilor alimentare individualizate.
IMPACTUL SANO- ȘI DISSANOGEN AL DIETEI ASUPRA HOMEOSTAZIEI MICROBIOTEI INTESTINALE ȘI RELAȚIA ACESTEIA CU METABOLISMUL AMINOACIZILOR
(CEP USM, 2024) Leorda, Ana; Garaeva, Svetlana; Tolstenco, Dorina
Despite extensive scientific evidence supporting the relationship between dietary factors and gut microbiota composition and function, the underlying mechanisms and their potential impact are far from clear. Thus, the paper aim is to elucidate the components of the diet with a sanogenic and dissanogenic impact on the intestinal microbiota and its relationship with amino acid metabolism. Food intake has an indisputable impact on the development of the intestinal microbiota. The individual intestinal microbiota, while remaining relatively stable in a healthy organism, can vary qualitatively and quantitatively under of internal and external factors influence. The diet protein component targeted modification can regulate the functioning of microbial populations, which determines the sanogenicity of the body’s homeostasis.
INFAMAȚIA SISTEMICĂ CRONICĂ ȘI MECANISMELE DE DECLANȘARE A PROCESELOR PARAMETABOLICE
(CEP USM, 2024) Mereuță, Ion; Baciu, Anatolie; Poleacova, Lilia; Fedaș, Vasile
The paper discusses the mechanisms of the primary occurrence of obesity through the ac tivation of the pro-inflammatory system, which ultimately lead to the occurrence of meta-inflam mation. The study of immunometabolism includes two main aspects: 1) the effects of the immune system on organs and tissues through the control of systemic metabolism; 2) the influence of the metabolic state of the bioenergetic organism through immune cells. Obesity as a heterogeneous multifactorial chronic disease is characterized by a wide pre valence, progressive increase in morbidity, high cardiometabolic risk. Central and peripheral obesity with insulin resistance (IR) is closely associated with type II DM. Several mechanisms are involved in the genesis of impaired insulin sensitivity: lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress (degradation of damaged proteins in the cell), mitochondrial dysfunction, oxi dative stress and chronic inflammation in metabolically active tissues (adipose tissue, intestines, muscles, pancreas, liver).
INFLUENȚA FACTORILOR INTRINSECI ȘI EXTRINSECI ASUPRA DEZVOLTĂRII CELULELOR SOMATICE ȘI GERMINALE
(CEP USM, 2024) Balan, Ion; Gavojdian, Dinu; Roşca, Nicolae; Balacci, Serghei; Buzan, Vladimir; Furdui, Vlada; Osipciuc, Galina; Harea, Vasile
Mammalian spermatogenesis is the most complex regulated process of cell development and represents a specific physiological process for the study of the peculiarities of the mechanism of spermatogenesis and for perceiving the basic evolution of all developmental processes, since it involves specific molecular processes of somatic and sex cells. Spermatogenesis generates spermatozoa from spermatogonal stem cells through several stages and comprises spermatocytogenesis, meiosis and spermiogenesis with the continuous unfolding of molecular events of mitosis, meiosis and epigenetic dynamic changes at the morphological and molecular level. Spermatogenesis establishes some dynamic changes by overlapping the functions of different types of cells and is maintained by different physiological factors impacting testicular morphofunction. The existing overlaps complicate the conclusive elucidation of the individual roles of different somatic and germ cells in the self-renewal, proliferation and apoptosis of spermatogonial stem cells and create difficulties in understanding the contribution of distinct signaling molecules during spermatogenesis. Several factors, compounds secreted by all somatic cells, including Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells and Leydig cells are involved in the regulation and development of spermatogenesis, but the mechanisms by which these factors interact in somatic and germ cells are largely unknown and a comprehensive study of these cells is needed.
INFLUENȚA STRUCTURII CALORICE A RAȚIILOR ASUPRA METABOLISMULUI INTERMEDIAR AL AMINOACIZILOR LIBERI ESENȚIALI LA TIPUL ASTENIC AL CONSTITUȚEI
(CEP USM, 2024) Babileva, Anastasia; Carauş, Vladimir
The advancement of personalized nutrition systems holds significance in the future of personalized medicine. The research paper outlines the fundamental principles of sanogenic nutrition based on the asthenic constitution type, which serves as a criterion for individualization. Individuals with an asthenic constitution type are primarily characterized by a heightened level of metabolic processes, which influences their dietary requirements. To ensure sustainable and healthy metabolism and morphophysiological functioning, the nutrition of asthenic individuals should focus on maintaining a high metabolic rate. The diet for asthenic individuals primarily consists of products that support an elevated metabolism without further stimulation (as it is already high in asthenics). These products include energy-rich foods like carbohydrates and lipids, while proteins are consumed in minimal quantities.
INFLUIENȚA EXTRACTULUI DE POLIFENOLI DIN NUCILE VERZI ASUPRA METABOLISMULUI GLUTATIONULUI DIN SERIUL SANGUIN AL COCOȘILOR
(CEP USM, 2024) Roșca, Nicolae; Balan, Ion; Buzan, Vladimir; Balacci, Sergiu; Furdui, Vlada; Mereută, Ion; Osipciuc, Galina; Crețu, Roman; Bacu, Gheorghii
In this paper, the influence of polyphenol extract from green walnuts on glutathione metabo lism in the blood serum of breeding roosters was studied. To achieve this purpose, hydroalcoholic extract from green walnuts was used, with a total antioxidant activity of 548,37 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 gr. For the study were used two batches of roosters, of five animals in each batch, experimental and control. As a result of the research on the influence of metabolism, changes were obtained in the content of SH-groups, G-TP, G-S-T, as well as amino acids, which are part of the glutathione composition and which were studied in different biological fluids and repro ductive cells. The basic mechanism of the central role of thiol-mediated redox control in cellular metabolism is the ability of thiol groups to reversibly change their redox state with subsequent changes in the conformational, catalytic or regulatory functions of the protein.
INFO-DIGITAL ADDICTION: A NEW INTEGRATED CONCEPT AND TERM FOR NON-CHEMICAL ADDICTIONS RELATED TO THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
(CEP USM, 2024) Gritenco, Ella; Borșev, Iuri; Şeptiţchi, Vladimir
The aim of this work is to draw the attention of the scientific community to the necessity of a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon related to gaming or internet addiction, social media addiction, and other types of addictions often generalized under the term “digital addiction” or “technological addiction”. This article proposes the introduction and use of a new integrated term, “Info-Digital Addiction” (IDA), which takes into account the interdependence and interconnectedness of both information and digital technologies that exist inseparably from each other, as well as the complexity and multifaceted nature of the phenomenon under consideration. The analysis is based on an extensive review of literature and current research. The introduction of a unified term is necessary for the standardization, integration, and unification of the understanding of the entire spectrum of this issue and the development of common strategies for the prevention and treatment of the vast variety of types of this non-chemical (behavioral) addiction among children and adults, which, in the future, will likely need to be distinguished and defined as a separate group of addictions. The topic of the article represents an innovative and controversial approach to the study of addiction related to the use of information and digital technologies.
Info-digital addiction: an interdisciplinary analysis of the phenomenon, its criteria, and consequences [Articol]
(CEP USM, 2025) Grițenco, Ella; Șeptițchi, Vladimir; Borshev, Yuri
This article presents an interdisciplinary analysis of the phenomenon Info-Digital Addiction (IDA) as a novel form of behavioral addiction, characterized by neurophysiological, physiological, cognitive, psycho-emotional and social consequences. The study is based on a systematic review of contemporary scientific publications, as well as a comparative analysis of diagnostic criteria for various forms of behavioral addictions. The mechanisms of IDA formation are examined, including neurophysiological and physiological changes such as dopaminergic imbalance, chronic stress, circadian rhythm disruption and impaired cognitive control and etc. The primary forms of this addiction are identified. Special attention is given to diagnostic criteria and the projected evolution of IDA in the context of widespread digitalization. Preventive strategies are proposed, encompassing educational, medical, and social interventions. The necessity of further research on the disorder’s impact on human physiology, brain neuroplasticity, social adaptation and public health is emphasized.