Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy

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    Etica mijloacelor și posibilitățile unei moralități pragmatic [Articol]
    (2024) Perciun, Andrei
    The text discusses the importance of critical thinking skills in a world saturated with information, where discerning facts from non-facts is crucial. It explores the concept of truth and its relationship to human action, arguing that truth can be discovered through the interplay of subjective experience and objective reality. The paper then delves into the ethical dimensions of human action, examining the extent to which truth-telling can be considered a moral virtue. It considers the moral weight of uttering the truth and its impact on others, emphasizing the intentional nature of such acts and their potential consequences. The author introduces two models of moral behavior: Ahilean and Odyssean. The Ahilean model emphasizes adherence to rules and principles, even if it leads to temporary or permanent loss. It focuses on the quality of means used to achieve goals, advocating for a code of ethical conduct. In contrast, the Odyssean model is pragmatic and efficiency- driven. It adapts to circumstances, utilizing intelligence to compensate for any lack of strength. This model is flexible, considering the possibility of circumventing rules to achieve goals, using deception and trickery as backup means in critical situations. It is guided by the noble intention of the action, even if the means employed are questionable. The paper concludes by acknowledging the advantages and disadvantages of both models, highlighting the Ahilean model’s suitability for situations where rule-following is essential and the Odyssean model’s appropriateness for contexts requiring pragmatism and efficiency. It emphasizes the importance of context in choosing theappropriate model and stresses the need to consider both moral principles and pragmatism in decision-making. The author suggests that this balance could constitute „moral pragmatism,” and individual responsibility is crucial for moral action. Practical applications of these models could facilitate understanding and interpreting real-life moral dilemmas, contributing to better decision-making in complex situations. However, discernment and critical thinking are essential in making such decisions, bringing to the forefront truth as an important moral value that must be respected.
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    ETICA GRIJII ȘI GÂNDIREA GRIJULIE DIN FILOSOFIA PENTRU COPII
    (CEP USM, 2024) Bălan, Marin
    The way we think lies at the core of the Philosophy for Children program, which was created in the 1970s by Matthew Lipman and Ann-Margaret Sharp. Initially, they introduced two primary forms of thinking: critical thinking, guided by the pursuit of truth as a regulative idea, and creative thinking, driven by the quest for meaning. In their later works, they also delved into caring thinking, rooted in the values that the research community puts into play. A question has arisen about whether this caring thinking is connected to the ethics of care, as presented by Carol Gilligan in the early 1980s. In this study, I demonstrate that while Lipman insisted on the epistemological aspects of caring thinking, in relation to critical and creative thinking, Sharp emphasized the ontological dimension of caring thinking and presented it as a fundamental condition for engaging in philosophical practice with children.