Institutul de Genetică, Fiziologie şi Protecţie a Plantelor
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Item Trends in combating vine phytopathogens with the application of epiphytic microorganisms [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Voloşciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Stîngaci, Aurelia; Pînzaru, Boris; Samoilova, Anna; Harciuc, Oleg; Zavtoni, Pantelimon; Lungu, Andrei; Chistol, Marcela; Curiev, LoredanaThe management of phytopathogens plays a decisive role in the sustainable development of agriculture, especially in viticulture. A particularly serious impact is recorded in the development of pathogens of the vine, especially of powdery mildew (Uncinula necator (Schwein) Burrill). In addition to measures promoted by modern agricultural biotechnologies the particular interest are the epiphytic microorganisms, which populate the leaf surface of plants, constituting complex heterogeneous habitats from various extended communities and numerous transients from various systematic entities. Through effective management and control of plant diseases, crop losses can be reduced and the quality and quantity of agricultural products can be improved. The article includes the analysis of the role of different biotic and abiotic factors, which change the relationships within these communities, as well as the adaptation processes of some entities of epiphytic and phytopathogenic microorganisms on the leaf surface of the vine.Item Oil content in seeds by NMR relaxation method [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Harciuc, Oleg; Sütyemiez, Mehmet; Chistol, Marcela; Malii, Aliona; Stingaci, AureliaThe aim of our work was to evaluate the capability of NMR-relaxation method of the determination of oil content in walnut kernels and soybean seeds. NMR-relaxation spin-echoes for protons of the studied seeds were studied on a modernized NMR-relaxometer, using a sequence of 90°- and 180°- high-frequency pulses, with an interval 3.5 ms. As standards in NMR calibration for walnut kernels and for soybean seeds were used different oils. The oil content of commercial walnut kernels SRL “Monicol” is 69±1%, which corresponds to the typical range for the crop, 64- 72%. After harvest 2021 the minimal oil content was in the seeds of soybean variety Pentata (14,6±0,2% for the seeds with dry weight 100-150 mg and 14,9±0,4% for the seeds with dry weight 200-250 mg) and the maximal oil content was in seeds of soybean variety Ladutsa (19,3±0,3% for the seeds with dry weight 100-150 mg and 19,7±0,5% for the seeds with dry weight 150-200 mg).Item Beneficiile fenomenelor sinergice în protecția plantelor cu aplicarea preparatelor biologice(CEP USM, 2024) Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Stîngaci, Aurelia; Pînzaru, Boris; Samoilova, Anna; Harciuc, Oleg; Zavtoni, Pantelimon; Lungu, Andrei; Crucean, Ștefan; Curiev, Loredana; Chistol, MarelaThe biological protection of plants through various ecological approaches, the significant diversity of the means used (entomophagous organisms, biological preparations, biologically active substances) and their high biological and economic effectiveness, managed to attract substantial attention and gained a high degree of recognition both among the specialists of highly qualified, as well as agricultural producers, regardless of the form of ownership. The effectiveness of applied biological approaches and methods is also increased against the background of the increasing impact of pesticide media and the need to solve ecological problems. On the path to increasing economic efficiency, we have established the benefits of the simultaneous use of two or more biological means.Item Water use efficiency in biology, agriculture and sustainable development(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Harciuc, Oleg; Malii, AlionaIn the Republic of Moldova 2017-2023 water use efficiency in rainfed soybean fields was in the range of 0,3-0,8 g grain/kg water. Under field conditions, for the Ladutsa soybean variety, a WUE of 0,75 g of grain/kg of water was obtained with seasonal precipitation of 94 mm, which is several times less than 317 mm, considered optimal for achieving the average agricultural WUE of 0,57.Item WATER USE BY SOYBEAN VARIETIES OF DIFFERENT MATURITY GROUPS(CEP USM, 2023) Malii, Aliona; Harciuc, OlegThe seasonal change in soil moisture reserves in dependence on the genetic form of soybeans was studied. It has been established that the deep layers of the soil (40-150 cm) more consistently reflect the influence of the plant component than the surface ones. In 2021, water reserves decreased in the 0-150 cm layer: for the Pentata variety - by 103 mm, and for the Onika variety- by 53 mm. Thus, Onika variety (MG I) retained 50 mm more water in the field for the next season compared to variety Pentata (MG III).Item CRITICAL SOIL MOISTURE IN RAINFED SOYBEAN FIELD(CEP USM, 2023) Harciuc, Oleg; Malii, AlionaThe content of soil moisture in different soil horizons of soybean fields in the 0-150 cm layer was studied in years with different meteorological conditions. The current forecast of the degree of aridity of the growing season is carried out according to soil moisture data in the soil layer 0-150 cm. In the sawing the critical level of soil moisture in rainfed soybean fields was 300 mm. In the pod filling stage the critical level of soil moisture in rainfed soybean fields was 200 mm.