Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law

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    Libertatea conștiinței, religiei și gândirii la locul de muncă
    (CEP USM, 2024) Pîslariuc, Maria
    Diversitatea concepțiilor pe care indivizii le au în raport cu anumite aspecte ale vieții, impune necesitatea asigurării unui echilibru între interese, care uneori pot fi diametral opuse. Locul de muncă unește într-un spațiu comun, fie fizic, fie virtual, salariați cu diferite idei, concepții, religii, care trebuie să coexiste și să genereze un rezultat. Modul de gândire, credința, tradițiile, convingerile, etc. exprimate de către salariat la locul de muncă, indiscutabil determină anumite efecte în raport cu alți subiecți a raportului juridic de muncă, fiind necesară conturarea unor reguli sau evidențierea anumitor limite, pentru a asigura respectarea drepturilor și libertăților fundamentale a tuturor persoanelor.
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    Congruența solidarităț ii sociale cu responsabilitatea reciprocă a individului și a statului
    (CEP USM, 2024) Guceac, Ion
    The present study starts from the undeniable assumption that society and the state as its highest form of organization cannot exist if the individuals who compose it are not held accountable for their actions. In this context, the thesis that the scope and guarantee of freedom are directly proportional to the depth and inviolability of the principles of social responsibility is further developed. New arguments are put forward in support of the idea that the extent of a person’s social freedom depends on the degree of responsibility of the individual. In a democratic society, the individual freely and independently determines his or her choices, and this possibility is the basis for responsibility, which finds legal expression and consolidation in the Constitution and the legislation in force, the extent and guarantee of freedom being directly proportional to the depth and inviolability of the principles of social responsibility. Finally, it is recommended that the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova be supplemented with rules on social solidarity and ways of ensuring it.
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    Mecanisme internaționale de garantare a dreptului la învățătură
    (Tipografia "CentroGrafic" SRL,Cahul, 2015-06-05) Nichita, Rodica
    Human Right to education is governed in - a variety of international documents. Each ONU document on human rights, contains rules which relate to the right to education. Formation of the international law of human rights, based on rules of national law and in particular of constitutional rules, correlation and their interaction are widely described in the literature. As a result of this interaction, the fundamental ideas of the right to education are evolving and the state assumes more and more obligations in education, developing new forms of defense, the right to education.
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    Transpunerea dreptului privind interzicerea muncii forțate din convenția europeană a drepturilor omului în Codul Penal al Republicii Moldova [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2021-03-25) Macovei, Tatiana
    Labor freedom is guaranteed by the European Convention of Human Rights. Everyone shall have the right to free choice of an occupation or type of work. No one, during the life, can be forced to work or not to work in a particular job or a certain profession, whatever they may be. Forced labour shall mean all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily. Forced labour is universally condemned; the ILO recently estimated that at least 12.3 million people are victims of forced labour worldwide. For many governments around the world the elimination of forced labour remains an important challenge for the 21st century. Not only is forced labour a serious violation of a fundamental human right, it is a leading cause of poverty and a hindrance to economic development. ILO standards on forced labour, in combination with targeted technical assistance, are the primary international tools for combating this scourge.
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    Libertatea muncii versus munca forțată [Articol]
    (2014) Macovei, Tatiana
    Libertatea muncii este garantată de Constituție. Orice persoană are dreptul la libera alegere a muncii și tipului de activitate. Nimeni, pe toată durata vieţii sale, nu poate fi obligat să muncească sau să nu muncească într-un anumit loc de muncă sau într-o anumită profesie, oricare ar fi acestea. Munca forțată reprezintă munca sau serviciul impus unei persoane sub amenințarea unei oarecare penalități, muncă pentru care persoana nu s-a oferit în mod voluntar. Munca forțată este interzisă, iar Organizația Internațională a Muncii a estimat recent că în întreaga lume cel puțin 12,3 mil. de persoane sunt victime ale muncii forțate. Pentru multe guvernări ale lumii, eliminarea muncii forțate constituie chiar și în sec. XXI încă o provocare. Munca forțată nu este numai o gravă încălcare a unui drept fundamental al omului, aceasta este o cauză principală a sărăciei și un obstacol în calea dezvoltării economice. Standardele OIM privind munca forțată, în combinație cu asistența tehnică specifică, sunt instrumentele internaționale principale pentru combaterea acestui flagel.
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    Actele juridice încheiate sub condiție [Articol]
    (2016) Țurcan, Daniela; Beliban-Rațoi, Ludmila
    Actele juridice încheiate cu condiţie constituie prin sine o construcţie complexă, care este orientată spre crearea unor drepturi şi obligaţiuni condiţionate, iar realizarea reală a drepturilor şi executarea nemijlocită a obligaţiilor, precum şi stingerea acestora se află într-o legătură indisolubilă de producerea unui eveniment viitor şi posibil. În cadrul formării actelor juridice încheiate cu condiţie, este dominantă inţiativa personală a părţilor, fapt ce determină individualizarea raportului juridic contractual. Acest fapt însă trebuie corelat pe principiu echitabil cu principiul securităţii circuitului civil.
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    IMPACTUL ARESTULUI CONTRAVENȚIONAL- ASUPRA DREPTURILOR ŞI LIBERTĂȚILOR FUNDAMENTALE ALE OMULUI
    (CEP USM, 2021-12-08) Ciobanu, Ana; Pantea, Oleg
    Every society exists and evolves on the basis of rules of conduct protected by moral norms, traditions, customs and legal norms. They form a system that regulates social relations. In this system that governs society, an important role is played by legal nor- ms, including those of contravention, which impose on the members of society a certain behavior in the relations they establish with their peers or social bodies and whose viola- tion entails a certain form. of legal liability: criminal, administrative (contraventional), disciplinary or civil. The company has the right to defend and take action, through specialized state bo- dies, against any person who violates the rules of social coexistence protected by the rules of law. Any violation of the legal norms entails the legal responsibility of the person who committed it, which differs depending on the nature of the violated norm, the characteris- tic of the protected social values, the social danger of the deed, etc. Contraventional liability is another form of legal liability, governed by the rules of the law of contravention that occurs after the commission of a contravention. Representing a measure of coercion or re-education, applied to the offender in order to correct and re- educate him, as well as the prevention of new offenses. In order for the contravention sanction to reach your preventive purpose, it must be applied in relation to each contravention and to each person prosecuted for the contra- vention.
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    LIBERTATEA DE EXPRIMARE. FORME SPECIFICE DE REALIZARE ÎN PERIOADA CAMPANIEI ELECTORALE
    (Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2019) Guceac, Ion
    The starting point of the present scientific article is the conditions that justify and stimulates the realization of freedom of speech. The free man has the possibility to express his will and take appropriate action, the limits of which are guaranteed by law, this being possible just in a society in which the public order is protected by the public authorities. The proclamation of freedom in constitutions is a fair value for all citizens without exception, regardless of their role and place in society. Freedom of speech is treated as one of the most important tools for the protection of all human rights and the stability of democracy, whereas it makes it possible to subordinate government activity to the objective need of society. The normative regulation of the rules for conducting the electoral agitation is done by setting the deadline for the realization of the electoral agitation; the conditions of participation of citizens and other subjects of electoral law in electoral agitation; prohibitions and restrictions in the process of electoral agitation; the responsibility for violation of the established procedure for the realization of electoral agitation, etc. In order to ensure a legal and civilized character of the electoral competition and to exclude, or at least, to diminish the cases of legal provisions violations, some prohibitions and restrictions are described in the article. In conclusion, the author presents some aspects which reflect the theoretical and practical problems of the freedom of speech realization process during electoral campaigns.
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    DETERMINANTE ALE LIBERTĂŢII POLITICE
    (Artpoligraf, 2021) Guceac, Ion
    This article examines the various aspects of the term „freedom”. As a result of the interdisciplinary study, a series of defining features of freedom were formulated. Some forms of manifestation of freedom have been identified and described, the emphasis being on political freedom as one of the forms of manifestation of social freedom. A special place is given to the problem of interpreting the notion of determinants of political freedoms and the forms of their manifestation (psychological attractiveness of freedom, spontaneity, and property). Based on the analysis, it was established that political freedom materializes and becomes a real possibility for members of society through fundamental political rights.
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    STATUL DE DREPT: ÎNTRE LEGISPRUDENȚĂ ȘI JURISPRUDENȚĂ
    (2017) Aramă, Elena; Sîli, Ira
    The term „legisprudenţă” came recently in legal vocabulary, and refers to the legislative work. Social reality is pressuring the legislature to arrive at appropriate ways of regulating social relations. Jurisprudence its results contribute to the formation and consolidation of a legal system that meet society’s expectations and participate in training, a state of law. To that end between the compilers and applying the right must be a permanent connection (directly and/or through science), which in this article is illustrated by the examples of constitutional and european jurisprudence.Legisprudenta is rational theory of legislation, which is to develop the idea of freedom as a principle. giving the legislator the possibility to exceed the jurisprudence, to create something new. However, a rule is coming as an innovation, but this is not always properly understood and applied, leaving room for interpretation, which complicates the legal qualification. Thus, the outcome of the application and its legal qualification. preceded by actions of the interprets the rule, and the assessment capacity and anticipate of the possible evolutions of social relations as reflected in normative-legal text, approved by the legislature.