Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law
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Item THE ACCES AND PARTICIPATION OF INDIVIDUALS IN MECHANISMS OF INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE(CEP USM, 2024) Bejan, Lavinia-AndreeaTogether with states and other entities, individuals are currently part of a system of institutions and norms operating at a global level, which, ultimately, must target and ensure their protection. In order to respect democratic principles, including at the supranational, international, global level, the supranational legal order must allow individuals to participate in the mechanisms by which their rights, freedoms, and fundamental interests may be affected, including in the mechanisms of accomplishing international justice. Currently, individuals are widely recognized as subjects of international law, and there are a variety of forms through which they have access to, or participate in, or intervene before international courts, but in manners that are insufficient in order to adequately manage their participation needs. Ensuring a wider access of individuals to international courts, on the one hand, guarantees and strengthens their rights, and, on the other hand, legitimizes the exercise of authority by these courts. In this context, the paper aims to look at the main forms in which the access and participation of individuals in the mechanisms of justice at the international level are allowed, as well as to discuss manners of expanding such access and ensuring the solid observance of the principle of procedural fairness and the procedural rights of individuals when involved in international legal proceedings.Item PROCEDURA EUROPEANĂ CU PRIVIRE LA CERERILE CU VALOARE REDUSĂ(2014) Cojocaru, VioletaMai multe state membre ale Uniunii Europene au introdus proceduri civile simplifi cate pentru cererile cu valoare redusă, având în vedere faptul că cheltuielile, întârzierile şi complexitatea inerente procedurilor judiciare nu se reduc în mod obligatoriu proporţional cu valoarea cererii. Numărul obstacolelor în calea obţinerii unei hotărâri judecătoreşti rapide şi puţin oneroase creşte în cauzele transfrontaliere. Obiectivul acestei proceduri ar trebui să fi e facilitarea accesului la justiţie. Din cauza faptului că regulile de concurenţă pe piaţa internă sunt distorsionate, ca rezultat al funcţionării diferenţiate a instrumentelor procedurale puse la dispoziţia creditorilor în diferite state membre, este necesar să existe o legislaţie europeană care să garanteze condiţii identice, atât pentru creditori, cât şi pentru debitori, pe întreg teritoriul Uniunii Europene.Item VALORI ȘI PRINCIPII FUNDAMENTALE ALE JUSTIȚIEI IN CONTEXT EUROPEAN(Iași, Performantica, 2020-10-30) Negru, Andrei; Codrea, Lavinia AndreeaThe issue of the fundamental values and principles of justice systems is legally addressed both at the global level, by international institutions and the rules they establish, and at regional level. The European political and legal space is characterized by a number of particularities related to, among others, certain requirements that States must fulfil in order to participate in the existing regional systems, the nature of the legal norms adopted within them and the specific arrangements for ensuring compliance. An essential role in the multitude of requirements for participation, the non-compliance of which may lead to sanctions in both systems defining the European legislative framework (Council of Europe and the European Union), is represented by grounding the justice system on certain values, administering justice according to certain fundamental principles. In this context, starting from a series of systematizations with the role of theoretical landmarks, the paper aims at following the fundamental values and principles of justice systems in the European legal framework, but also in the institutional proposals made by professional bodies active in this field. All of these institutions and bodies, consolidated legal norms, unifying proposals contribute to identifying and establishing common and potentially common elements to European states (and not only European) and, consequently, to their judicial institutions. Their presence and involvement in the matter have the potential to enhance European cooperation both in general terms and at the level of Euroregions.Item МОДЕЛЬ ПРЕДОСТАВЛЕНИЯ ГАРАНТИРУЕМОЙ ГОСУДАРСТВОМ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ МОЛДОВА: НОРМАТИВНОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ(CEP USM, 2023) Сухов, ВадимЮридическая помощь является одним из условий справедливого судебного разбирательства. В некоторых случаях государства гарантируют ее предоставление, создавая финансируемые из бюджета системы предоставления такой помощи. Является очевидным, что существование этих систем невозможно без привлечения специалистов, способных предоставлять качественные юридические услуги. Причем, организация работы этих специалистов и порядок оказания ими гарантируемой государством юридической помощи могут быть совершенно разными. При этом каждая из используемых моделей может иметь свои преимущества и свои недостатки. Модель предоставления юридической помощи, гарантируемой государством, существующая в Республике Молдова, является смешанной. Она объединяет как недостатки, так и преимущества входящих в нее отдельных моделей, которые исследуются в данной статье. В результате исследования автор присоединяется к мнению специалистов о том, что существующая в Республике Молдова система юридической помощи, гарантируемой государством, является одной из самых гармоничных и открытых, имеющей широкую сеть поставщиков качественных юридических услуг.Item MECANISMELE LEGALE DE PROTECȚIE A DREPTURILOR OMULUI LA UN MEDIU SĂNĂTOS(CEP USM, 2021-12-08) Punga, Irina; Iordanov, Iordanca-RodicaThe protection of the human right to a healthy environment cannot be achieved in the absence of legal and effective mechanisms in place, that would regulate it. Mechanisms responsible for the protection of the right to a healthy environment/environmental mat- ters do not only guarantee the assurance and possibility of exercising such rights, but also constitute an important procedural right on its own. Environmental issues will largely trigger the proper functioning of the mechanisms set to protect the human rights to a healthy environment, which will alternatively completely eliminate the problem of access to justice in environmental matters. The article includes a study dedicated to the identifi- cation and assessment of the particularities of the legal mechanism for the protection of ecological rights and interests, including the national, international legislation and the practice of ECHR.Item ACCESUL LA JUSTIȚIE PRIN PRISMA DIGITALIZĂRII(CEP USM, 2022-03-17) Ciaglic, TatianaThe subject of digitalization of the justice sector has become mainstream in recent years thanks to the pandemic. The crisis has highlighted the importance and usefulness of information technologies in carrying out the act of justice but has also raised new questions. In the modern crisis-prone world, it is necessary to reinterpret the manner in which litigants interact with the courts and realize their rights and satisfy their legitimate interests.Item CADRUL LEGAL PRIVIND PROTECȚIA VIEȚII PRIVATE ȘI SEMNIFICAȚIA EI ÎN EPOCA DIGITALIZĂRII(CEP USM, 2022-03-17) Balaban, SergiuIt is well known that, in addition to the rights of access to fair justice, given that we are in the age of digitalization, citizens also have other rights and interests that come into play when they interact with the justice system, including those related to justice. privacy and personal data. When participating in a trial, people have a reasonable expectation that this will not unduly affect their personal life and will not expose them to unnecessary public attention.Item ABILITAREA JURIDICĂ ȘI FACILITAREA ACCESULUI LA JUSTIŢIE ÎN PERIOADĂ DE PANDEMIE COVID-19 PRIN VALORIFICAREA TEHNOLOGIEI INFORMAŢIEI(Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2021) Zaharia, VictorThe global COVID-19 pandemic has determined the states to adopt new technological solutions to ensure access to justice, access to qualified legal services, new ways of providing legal information and empowerment. All these solutions and modalities are to follow a series of approaches and principles in order not to create additional barriers of access for vulnerable and marginalized groups. Decisions taken by the authorities must be constantly re-evaluated not only in terms of their usefulness, but also in terms of observance of human rights based approach.