Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law

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End date: 2023Subject: search.filters.subject.human rights

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    Standardele UE in domeniul combaterii discriminării
    (Print-Caro, 2023) Bontea, Oleg
    The 28 member states of the European Union are subject to its primary laws (treaties), legislation and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The European Union has the power to legislate in those areas of competence transferred by member states through treaties that voluntarily limit their sovereign rights. In this study we aimed to carry out an analysis of the most relevant international instruments that regulate the field of combating discrimination in various fields, namely: the European Union Treaty, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union , Racial Equality Directive, Framework Directive, Revised Equal Treatment Directive, Burden of Proof Directive etc.
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    Curtea Europeană a Drepturilor Omului și fenomenul migraţiei
    (2020) Roșca, Valentin
    Fenomenul migraţiei nu este un fenomen nou, dar și totodată, inedit pentru sistemul european de protecţie a drepturilor omului. Dreptul la azil nu a fost codificat în Convenţia Europeană a Drepturilor Omului. În pofida faptului că în Convenţie nu sunt prevederi cu privire la dreptul de intrare și ședere a străinilor pe teritoriul statelor părţi, aceasta nu reprezintă un impediment de a garanta aplicabilitatea drepturilor garantate de acest tratat faţă de toate persoanele care se află sub jurisdicţia statului parte în corespundere cu art. 1 CEDO. Astfel, fiind un instrument de protecţie a drepturilor omului care în mod expres nu se referă la instituţia azilului și la fenomenul migraţiei, în calitate de instituţie complexă a dreptului internaţional, jurisprudenţa CtEDO vine cu o practică constantă la capitolul garantării drepturilor recunoscute în Convenţie faţă de diverse categorii de migranţi.
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    Conceptul și trăsăturile specifice ale mecanismelor juridice de protecție a drepturilor omului în cadrul organizației Națiunilor Unite
    (Chișinău, 2023-06-21) Zaharia, Virginia; Luca, Ala
    The issue of human rights seems to be a specific issue of our century, but it is nevertheless not absolutely new in the history of humanity, due to the special attention paid to human rights after the Second World War, when the United Nations was established, which is the main international intergovernmental organization, with universal character within which the foundation of international human rights law was established. The problem of non-observance of human rights is not only a national, internal problem of states, but an international, world one, in the observance of which the entire international community and primarily the United Nations are interested.
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    Particularități privind analiza naturii juridice a drepturilor si libertăţilor fundamentale ale omului
    (USEM, 2021-12-03) Ceban, Cristina; Zaharia, Virginia
    The study design, we aimed to research the legal nature of the rights and freedoms of the human being, because of the issue of human rights has been, is, and will always be in the spotlight, and it will be the object of concern of the experts in the field of law, political scientists, sociologists, politicians, and the whole of the companies, given the fact that human rights have become one of the central ideas of the day that tend to be accepted by all the countries of the world, beyond the differences in the historical, cultural, and economic factors.The purpose of this research is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The field of human rights is a widely discussed topic of vital importance to every state. According to them, their observance leads to a prosperity of each state, to a liberation and tranquility that dominates the whole world. In the process of drawing up this article, methods were used: logical, analytical, comparative.
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    Fundamental education rights of citizens and minorites (the case of Filand)
    (Print-Caro, 2023) Dasman, El-Fahel
    The right to educations is regarded as one of the main human rights in the 1948 U.N. Declaration on Human Rights for All, and the 1966 International Bill of Human Rights. The aim of this right – to provide everyone with access to education. This right, although mainly relevant to children, also concerns adults. The right to education is made up of a number of different elements. Recognition of each right varies from country to country, and hence a country’s ability to defend this right – since the right to education, as one of the social rights, requires the investment of many resources to realize it. Finland is known as a world leader in exploiting education rights for all state communities, without any discrimination or gender separation. This article will attempt to examine the principles leading the right to education and find the correlation between them and human rights be they what they may.
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    Limitele temporale ale dreptului la viață
    (Tipografia „Adrilang”, 2022-01-27) Pozneacova, Veronica; Zaharia, Virginia
    Life represents a constitutional right, regulated at the International and national levels. Despite of the general importance of this fundamental right, the moment of the emergence and extinction of the right to life remains a controversial one, both in the doctrinal discussions and in the debates of the wide circles of the population. The birth and death of a person, facts that have the legal connotation form the temporal limits of the right to life being presented within the current regulations. States have not adopted a unanimously recognized vision on the emergence of the right to life in aspects related to the legal status of the embryo and that of the unborn child. The substantial difference between the legislations of several states is manifested in the establishment of conception or birth as the beginning from which the life of the human being enjoys the protection of the state. The death, as the temporal limit of the right to life in the present, generates many discussions with ethical, legal and medical connotation. Currently, the establishment of the person’s death is based on the criterion of biological death or brain death. Introducing brain death as a basic criterion for ascertaining death determined the necessity to justify it from the perspective of ascertaining the cessation of brain activity or certain areas of it, being closely related to the field of transplantology. The purpose of this article is to determine the models of regulation of the temporal limits of the right to life, as well as to analyze the specifics of each approach based on medical, ethical, philosophical and legal arguments.
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    Analiza practicii internaționale în domeniul asigurării vieții private în contextul securității cibernetice
    (USEM, 2022-03-04) Zaharia, Virginia; Luca, Ala
    Analizând subiectul propus spre cercetare privind Internetul și protecția drepturilor fundamentale în acest spațiu, susținem că Internetul actualmente este un utilaj care poate duce la modernizarea și schimbarea în societate cu condiția de a respecta drepturile omului, și de aceea avem nevoie de o orientare la nivel internațional, acte normative la nivel național, siguranța datelor și libertatea pe de altă parte, iar acest studiu a jurisprudenței internaționale ne va oferi posibilitatea de a examina mai multe cazuri vizând încălcarea drepturilor omului prin intermediului Internetului. Fiind o verigă solidă și totodată cea mai slabă, Securitatea Cibernetică necesită o atenție sporită care necesită de a implementa o cultură strategică comună tuturor statelor lumii și de a elabora și implementa strategii naționale a securității cibernetice comune pentru a putea face față sfidărilor, pentru protecția integrității fizice a cetățenilor, prin sporirea eficienții eficacității și funcționării sigure a infrastructurilor critice și politice de securitate cibernetică, trebuie să ofere un mediu digital sigur și fiabil bazat pe protecția și conservarea libertăților și pe respectarea drepturilor omului on-line, în special protecția vieții private și a datelor cu caracter personal.
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    Influența stării de urgență asupra dreptului la ocrotirea sănătății
    (Chișinău, 2021-03-18) Zaharia, Virginia; Pozneacova, Veronica
    Prezentul articol reprezintă un studiu dedicat naturii dreptului la ocrotirea sănătății, importanței acestui drept, cât și poziționării lui în cadrul drepturilor naturale și inalienabile ale omului prin prisma reglementărilor naționale și internaționale. Scopul prezentului articol este determinarea impactului declarării stării de urgență asupra dreptului la ocrotirea sănătății și depistarea eventualelor încălcări a acestui drept.
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    Reflecţii privind atribuţiile esenţiale ale avocatului poporului (Ombudsmanului) în Republica Moldova
    (Î.S. Combinatul Poligrafic, 2020-05-22) Zaharia, Virginia; Luca, Ala
    The institution of the Ombudsman aims at guaranteeing the observance of the individual’s rights, in the conditions of the obvious mixing of the administrative system, fulfilling a function of mediation, of protection of the citizen, imposing it as a de facto authority. At present, the Ombudsman designates the symbol of a democratic state, the essence of which expresses the development of the citizen’s welfare, the defense of individual freedoms, constituting a symbol of the democratic state whose essence expresses the development of the citizen’s welfare, protection of fundamental rights and freedoms.
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    Abordări conceptuale cu privire la cetăţenie prin prisma protecţiei diplomatice a naţionalilor în dreptul internaţional public şi asigurarea drepturilor omului
    (Complexul Editorial INCE, 2018-09-13) Zaharia, Virginia; Luca, Ala
    The institution of diplomatic protection serves for certain essential purposes to the international community, representing a right of the state to act by diplomatic and peaceful means in order to protect the interests of its citizens abroad, who have been prejudiced or their fundamental rights have been violated. In the area of diplomatic protection, the link to citizenship implies the involvement of several elements, including the attribution of citizenship as the connection between the individual and the state (birth or naturalization). Public international law operates in two ways of acquiring citizenship: the acquisition of the nationality by birth and the derived acquisition, such as the acquisition of citizenship of a state on demand, or the acquisition of citizenship in the case of successions of states. For the purpose of diplomatic protection, birth and naturalization - are generally accepted and sufficient links for granting citizenship.