Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law
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Item SECURITATEA JURIDICĂ VERSUS CONSTITUȚIA VIE (CONSTITUTION VIVANTE)(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Aramă, ElenaThe issue of building the rule of law highlights the correlation of the state role in ensuring legal security. The security of legal relations as part of legal security and – more broadly – of security in general is a major obiective for a contemporary state. In this context, the problem of the evolution of the legal system along with/following the development of the society appears as one that is difficult to manage. The theory of the living Constitution and its development puts the beginning of the solution of this dilemma in the humanist, democratic and protective spirit for the rights of individuals. Appearing on American soil, the theory was also received in Europe. The Italian Constitutional Court has developed methods and techniques of constitutional interpretation that take into account changes in society.Item DIALOGUL DINTRE AUTORITĂȚILE PUBLICE: RELAȚII ÎNTRU CONSOLIDAREA DEMOCRAȚIEI(CEP USM, 2024) Aramă, ElenaCommunication between public authorities can be defined as one that has every chance of evolving in the direction of strengthening democracy and protecting human rights, an important role belonging to the Constitutional Court, which step by step outlines the constitutional identity of the Republic of Moldova. The analysis of the factual material leads us to the definition of communication between public authorities both at the level of the Parliament, the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Justice, first instance judicial bodies as one that constantly evolves in the direction of strengthening protecting human rights. That communication results in the triumph constitutional fundamental values, including freedom, equality, democracy, the rule of law. Gradualy Constitutional Court acquires institutional stature and moral authority to defend people from legislative abuses, that is, in fact, to protect the legislator from himself when there is a clear or masked tendency to violate the Constitution. In this way the Court combats the deterioration of the legislation, with the aim that it not to become a source of uncertainty for litigants. In these efforts, public institutions that cooperate loyally contribute not only to the protection of human rights, but also influence the level democracy in the state, reflecting at the individual level in the awareness of the rights to have rights and that documents about rights are not formal, but the even pave the way for the claim and, moreover, there are effective remedies in case of their violation.Item INTERPRETAREA DREPTULUI: ACT DE CUNOAȘTERE SAU DE VOINȚĂ?(CEP USM, 2024) Aramă, Elena; Coptileţ, ValentinaProblema interpretării dreptului s-a bucurat pe parcursul secolelor de atenție sporită din partea doctrinei și practicii juridice. Atât școala dreptului natural, cât și teoria normativistă cu varianta sa pozitivistă, au pledat pentru a defini interpretarea ca o activitate care se axează pe semnificația normei, actului sau conduitei umane. Divergența apare în cazul răspunsului la întrebarea dacă semnificația este doar descoperită sau ea este determinată de cel ce interpretează dreptul. Analizând tezele autorilor francezi despre interpretare, în primul rând al adepților teoriei realiste, ajungem la concluzia că interpretarea este un act de cunoaștere, dar pentru a deveni obligatorie, adică pentru a produce efecte juridice, este necesară voința organului care aplică și interpretează legea și în acest caz judecătorul de bună credință, profesionist și cu bun simț este responsabil pentru decizia sa. Cât de importantă este voința organului ce interpretează ne demonstrează studiul de caz: Ucraina și Moldova.Item UNELE CONSIDERENTE PRIVIND INTERACȚIUNEA CURȚII CONSTITUȚIONALE CU PARLAMENTUL(CEP USM, 2024) Aramă, ElenaThe Constitutional Court and the Parliament are differents institutions, according to their legal nature, the Parliament being a representative institution with legislative powers and the Constitutional Court – institution for controlling the constitutionality of legal acts. However, their activity intersects with the participation in the legislative process, which does not put the Parliament in a position of subordonation to the Constitutional Court, but of ensuring respect for the Constitution, to which both must obey. The analisis of the jurisprudential practice of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Moldova demonstrates the courageous position of the Court, which from being a negative legislator (Kelsen), sometimes resorts the position of a positive legislator. The situation exemplified in the case of the exception of unconstitutionality when the Court issues some provisional solutions to protect the rights of people who have a case before a court. The Parliament informed through the Addresses about these provisional solutions and the need to make changes in the normative acts containing the contested provisions.Item ORGANIZAREA JUDECĂTOREASCĂ PÂNĂ LA DOMINAŢIA OTOMANĂ(2016) Aramă, Elena; Jecev, IonAnalizând perioada până la dominaţia otomană, am constatat că în secolul XIV, la răsărit de Carpaţi, s-a constituit statul medieval Moldova, iar la sud de Carpați – Valahia (Țara Românească) care şi-au dobândit independenţa până la mijlocul secolului al XIV-lea . În perioada medievală, funcţiile statului erau concentrate în mâinile monarhului şi ale reprezentanților săi, astfel încât domnitorul, ca şef al statului, deţinea atât atribuţii legislative, executive, cât şi judecătoreşti.Item LEGITIMITATEA – CONDIŢIE OBLIGATORIE A MENŢINERII PUTERII DE STAT(2013) Jecev, Ion; Aramă, ElenaDin cele expuse, putem să concluzionăm că puterea de stat nu poate fi menţinută decât în măsura în care structurile de putere sunt legitime, iar deciziile politice, inclusiv legile exprimă voinţa generală şi nu sunt folosite împotriva unei părţi a populaţiei. Iar legitimitatea unei puteri statale poate fi privită dintr-o dublă perspectivă: ca act al desemnării structurilor de putere (cucerirea sau actul de întemeiere a puterii); concordanţa dintre conţinutul deciziilor politice şi aşteptările celor guvernaţiItem NICOLAE STEINHARDT AND LEON DUGUIT FACE TO FACE AFTER (ALMOST) A CENTURY(2023) Aramă, Elena; Creciun, NataliaThis alignment of two names might seem at least strange or exaggerated: Leon Duguit and Nicolae Steinhardt. At the time of defending the thesis in 1936 by Nicolae Steinhardt, a young man of 24, Leon Duguit was no longer alive, but he had left an impressive scientific work. That is, it would be said that there is no place for comparison, the equality of arms being utopian. And yet the comparison is opportune, because it is about ideas to which history may or may not have given its answer.Item PROBLEME DE ORGANIZARE JUDECĂTOREASCĂ ÎN BASARABIA LA FINELE SEC. XIX ȘI ÎNCEPUTUL SEC. XX(2016) Aramă, Elena; Chisari-Lungu, OxanaThe democratic development of a state and society is possible in the conditions of a correct consideration and assessment of the judicial past. In this article are revealed aspects of the national legal tumultuous past at the end of the nineteenth century on judicial organization in Bessarabia, a part of which has seen national model of judicial organization and the other Part – Russian model, on which had been returned during half a century to eliminate loopholes, but in Bessarabia have still not been liquidated.Item REFLECŢII ASUPRA RĂSPUNDERII JURIDICE ÎN EVUL MEDIU(2009) Aramă, Elena; Chicu, OlegResponsabilité est un fait social inhérent a chacune système d organisation sociale, ayant pour le but la conservation de la société et des personnes. Pendant histoire ont évolué les formes, fonctions, principes juridiques, les conditions de la responsabilité juridique. Au Moyen Age la responsabilité dans le droit roumain a visé, en premier lieu, l’élément reparatoire, ce que peut indiquer la survivance de l’esprit du droit romain (au moins) au population roumaine, continuatrice de la population daco-romaine. Mais la responsabilité en droit national a été influencée de la culture religieuse et juridique de l’Empire Byzantin.Item CONTINUITATEA TRADIȚIEI CONSTITUȚIONALE ROMÂNEȘTI DE CONTROL AL CONSTITUȚIONALITĂȚII LEGILOR(CEP USM, 2023) Aramă, ElenaAprès la destitution du régime totalitaire soviétique, la tendance à l’étude objective de l’histoire, en général, et de l’histoire du droit, en particulier, aboutit à la découverte des institutions démocratique non seulement en Occident, mais aussi dans notre espace national. L’une de ces institutions est révision constitutionnelle des lois. L’institution du contrôle constitutionnel est une institution démocratique conçue pour aider à établir, à maintenir la démocratie et contribuer à la protection des droits de l’homme, droits que même le législateur ne peut violer.