Institutul de Zoologie
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Item Infestarea gâştelor (anser anser domesticus L.) din Republica Moldova cu ectoparaziţi(CEP USM, 2024) Zamornea, Maria; Erhan, Dumitru; Rusu, Ștefan; Gliga, OleseaDe la gâște (Anser anser domesticus L.) din Republica Moldova s-au recoltat 249 de eșantioane biologice. S-a stabilit infestarea lor cu 8 specii de malofagi (Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus, 1758), Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius, 1805), Anatoecus adustus (Nitzsch in Giebel, 1874), Anatoecus icterodes (Nitzsch, 1818), Anaticola crassicornis (Scopoli, 1763), Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus, 1758), Menopon obscurum (Piaget, 1880), Lipeurus caponis (Linneus, 1758), o specie de acarieni gamazizi (Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) și o specie de căpușe argazide (Argas persicus (Oken,1818). Din speciile stabilite la gâște, o specie de malofagi (Lipeurus caponis) este comună pentru galinaceele domestice și sălbatice, 2 specii de acarieni: Argas percicus - parazitează pe galinaceele sălbatice și domestice, iar specia Dermanyssus gallinae - este comună la mai multe specii de păsări domestice, sălbatice și mamifere, inclusiv şi la om.Item Utilizarea producției primare algale de către consumatorii din verigile trofice superioare(CEP USM, 2024) Roșcov, Elena; Toderaș, Ion; Ungureanu, Laurenția; Tumanova, DariaStudiul prezintă rezultatele investigațiilor privind utilizarea speciilor de microalge Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck 1890 și Oscillatoria amphibia C.Agardh ex Gomont 1892, ca sursă de hrană pentru populația de Paramecium caudatum Ehrenberg, 1834. Rezultatele demonstrează cum diferite concentrații ale culturilor de alge influențează parametrii reproducției celulare la Paramecium caudatum. Concentrațiile scăzute de Chlorella vulgaris stimulează creșterea, în timp ce concentrațiile mari de Oscillatoria amphibia au un efect negativ asupra populației de paramecii. Chlorella vulgaris poate fi eficientă în doze mici pentru a stimula creșterea și productivitatea pe termen scurt, în timp ce Oscillatoria amphibia, în concentrații ridicate poate afecta negativ reproducerea și diviziunea celulară. Importanța acestor constatări rezidă în înțelegerea utilizării algelor ca sursă de hrană pentru ciliate, având consecințe asupra stării ecologice a ecosistemelor acvatice și asupra sănătății populațiilor de protozoare.Item STAREA ACTUALĂ A NISTRULUI INFERIOR ȘI A AFLUENȚILOR SĂI DE DREAPTA PE TERITORIUL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA ÎN PRIMĂVARA ANULUI 2024(CEP USM, 2024) Jurminskaia, Olga; Şuberneţkii, IgorThe aim of the paper is to assess the ecological state of the Lower Dniester and its right tributaries - the Răut, Bâc and Botna rivers. During the spring 2024 expeditions to the Dniester River Basin within the Republic of Moldova, the Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Ecotoxicology of the Institute of Zoology collected samples for hydrochemical, microbiological and hydrobiological investigations. The results of determinations of hydrochemical parameters such as water temperature, hydrogen ion concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration and biochemical oxygen demand are used in the presented paper. Determination of the quality classes was carried out on the basis of the limit values of quality indicators regulated by the normative document of the RM in the field of water legislation.Item МОРФОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ГОНАД ПОЛОВОЗРЕЛЫХ САМОК БЫЧКА-ПЕЧСОЧНИКА NEOGOBIUS FLUVIATILIS (PALLAS, 1814) НИЖНЕГО ДНЕСТРА(CEP USM, 2024) Фулга, Нина; Булат, Дмитрий; Булат, ДенисThe results of studies of the reproductive system of sexually mature female monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis (Pallas, 1814) of the lower Dniester during the spawning season are presented. Asynchrony in the development of germ cells was revealed, which ensures four-time spawning throughout the entire breeding season of fish, from April to July. The dependence of the development of oocytes of subsequent generations on the temperature regime of the reservoir was noted. The timing of the release of the next generation of eggs during the breeding season of the sand goby has been identified.Item CALITATEA PRODUSELOR PISCICOLE ÎN RELAȚIE CU METALELE DIN MEDIUL ACVATIC ȘI PROCESELE DE ACUMULARE(CEP USM, 2024) Zubcov, Natalia; Zubcov, Elena; Ene, Antoaneta; Bagrin, Nina; Ciornea, VictorCurrently, the polyfunctional role of microelements in the metabolic processes of ichthyofauna (respiration, hematopoiesis, digestion, multiplication, increase or decrease of growth intensity resistance) is unanimously recognized, being also an indicator of the quality of fish products. The experimental investigations allowed the elaboration and implementation of the use of microelements-metals to increase the viability of fish in early ontogenesis, to increase the nutritional base in ponds, confirmed and protected by patents and which has essentially improved the technology of artificial fish breeding and served as an essential support in the development of fish farming. By using ICP-OES techniques for metals quantification, and tested regarding the impact of some metals and metalloids on the development of fish, their potential for the accumulation of metals, the concentrations of which are limited for fish products. It is also worth mentioning the redistribution of metals between different organs of fish in dependence on the intensity of growth and reproduction processes and fish health state. The highest concentrations of metals are recorded in the skin, liver and gills of fish.Item ASOCIAȚII ECTOPARAZITARE LA GĂINI (GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS) DIN SECORUL PARTICULAR A REPUBLICII MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024) Zamornea, Maria; Erhan, Dumitru; Rusu, Ştefan; Gliga, Olesea; Botnaru, NicolaiTo establish the prevalence and diversity of infestation with parasitic agents, parasitological research was carried out on 759 chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from the private sector in various areas of the Republic of Moldova during 2020-2023. Ectoparasites were collected from live birds, according to a new procedure, which is more informative (Luncaşu M., Zamornea M., 2007 and of classical methods after Dubinin M., 1955). The collected material was later examined with a magnifying glass MБC-9 (ob.14x2) and the mocroscope Novex Holland B ob. 20-40 WF 10x Din/20mm in the laboratory of Parasitology and Helminthology of the Institute of Zoology, Moldova State University. The obtained research results reveal that chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) are infested with 9 species of malophages (Eomenacanthus stramineus, Cuclotogaster heterographus, Goniocotes gallinae, Goniocotes maculatus, Goniodes dissimilis, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus pallidulus, Menacanthus cornutus, Lipeurus caponis), 2 species of fleas (Cheratophylus gallinae, Cheratophylus hirundinis) and 2 species of gamasid mites (Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermanyssus hirundinis). The prevalence of infestation with ectoparasites - malophages constituted up to 100% of cases, with fleas - 39.0% and with gamasid mites in 72.0% of cases. The ectoparasitic polyparasitism established in birds is made up of different species of permanent parasites (malophages, fleas) and temporary (gamasid mites).Item INFLUIENȚA RÂURILOR RĂUT, BÂC ȘI BOTNA ASUPRA COMPONENȚEI FITOPLANCTONULUI ȘI CALITăȚII APEI SECTORULUI INFERIOR AL FL. NISTRU(CEP USM, 2024) Ungureanu, Laurenţia; Tumanova, DariaThe article presents the results of the investigations on diversity and quantitative parameters of planktonic algae in three rivers: Raut, Bâc and Botna, which are the tributaries of the Dniester River. In tributaries of Dniester River phytoplankton was represented by the four groups: Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyta and Chlorophyta. It was established that the biggest negative effect on the Dniester River influences the water coming from the Bâc River according to the quantitative parameters (number of species and biomass) of phytoplankton as well as the saprobity index of planktonic algae. The values of the saprobic index of this tributary fell within the limits of water quality classes III (polluted). The water quality of the Răut and Botna tributaries according to the values of the saprobic index, being assigned to class II (moderately polluted).Item STRUCTURA ȘI DIVERSITATEA COMUNITăȚILOR DE MAMIFERE DIN REZERVAȚIA BIOSFEREI „PRUTUL DE JOS”(CEP USM, 2024) Sîtnic, Veaceslav; Caraman, Natalia; Caldari VladislavThe structure and diversity of mammalian communities from the ,,Prutul de Jos” biosphere reserve. The research was carried out in the “Prutul de Jos” Biosphere Reserve based on the materials collected in the area during the years 1995-2022. The intended objective was to study the structure and diversity of mammal communities. Relative density determination methods were used. 29 species of mammals have been identified. 6 species are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova. A decrease in the mammal diversity index was established over the last 30 years from 1.97 to 1.62. The landscape reserve is of particular importance for the conservation of biological diversity.Item SOME PARTICULARITIES REGARDING THE INFESTATION AND DEPARASITIZATION OF THE ROE DEER (CAPREOLUS CAPREOLUS LINNAEUS, 1758), DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF STRESS REACTIVITY(CEP USM, 2024) Rusu, Ştefan; Erhan, Dumitru; Zamornea, Maria; Toderash, Ion; Rusu, Viorelia; Gologan, IonAdaptarea animalelor la condiţiile actuale depinde, în primul rând, de specificitatea individuală a activităţii sistemului nervos superior. Astfel, prin aplicarea probei adrenalinice formulate de Ahmadiev G. [1, p.85] și modificată de autorii Rusu Ș. și colab. [2]. În premieră a fost elaborat, brevetat și implementat în practică un nou procedeu de apreciere a sensibilităţii cervidelor la factorii de stres, care are drept scop formarea șeptelurilor de animale cu o rezistență majoră la infestarea cu agenți parazitari și cu o înaltă eficacitate terapeutică antiparazitară. Se recomandă selectarea cervidelor după tipul de stres-reactivitate şi a obţine efective de animale stres-rezistente, care posedă o înaltă rezistenţă la infestarea cu paraziţi cu o înaltă eficacitate terapeutică şi cu minim cheltuieli la deparazitare. Prin urmare, este necesar ca, înainte de aplicarea tratamentului la cervide, de stabilit tipul lor de stres-reactivitate, iar la cele stres-reactive de aplicat tratament repetat peste 14 zile, deoarece eficacitatea tratamentului este variată şi depinde de tipul de reactivitate al organismului animal.Item DIVERSITATEA FAUNEI DE VERTEBRATE TERESTRE DIN SECTORUL VULCĂNEȘTI – COLIBAȘI, REPUBLICA MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024) Nistreanu, Victoria; Larion, Alina; Paladi, Viorica; Caldari, Vladislav; Ţurcan, VladimirThe research was carried out in the period 2021-2024 in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems of the sector. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diversity of terrestrial vertebrate fauna and to highlight the importance of the sector for biodiversity conservation in the southern part of the republic. Species diversity of terrestrial vertebrates was assessed according to standard methods. The terrestrial vertebrate fauna was represented by 36 species of mammals, 64 species of birds, 6 amphibian species and 4 reptile species. 7 mammal species, 6 bird species one amphibian and 2 reptile species are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova. The most common and widespread species are the eurytopic ones with large limits of ecological valence.