2. Articole
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Item Actualizarea reperelor normative naționale inerente statului social(CEP USM, 2024) Guceac, IonThe article describes some important aspects of the scientific and normative benchmarks of the welfare state. The opportunity of approaching this topic is determined not only by the absence of the concept of the social state as a legal category in the legal literature of the Republic of Moldova, but also by the need for normative enshrinement of favorable conditions for the full development of citizens’ personality, rights, and equal opportunities. In this context, it is noted that the imperative of the social state consists of goals and objectives that ensure, in fact, the welfare of people, peace and social equity, as well as guarantee the protection of human rights and freedoms and citizens. The social state can only be considered to be a state which ensures a robust social policy geared to securing the rights, freedoms, and interests of individuals. In recognition of the fact that in the Republic of Moldova, the formation of the social state is at an initial stage, it is proposed to develop a Concept of the Social State.Item Prezumţia de nevinovăţie în izvoarele doctrinare și normative din Europa Occidentală (sec. XIX-XX)(2023) Vizdoagă, Tatiana; Bria, IuliaValoarea supremă într-un stat este omul, drepturile și libertățile lui, iar recunoașterea, respectarea și apărarea acestor drepturi și libertăți reprezintă obligațiunea de bază a statului. Procesul penal este domeniul de activitate în care chestiunile referitoare la apărarea drepturilor și libertăților omului au o actualitate deosebită. Din acest considerent, o importanță aparte o are studierea evoluției istorice a mijloacelor cu ajutorul cărora legiuitorul asigură realizarea acestei obligațiuni constituționale din partea statului. Reglementările procesual-penale medievale referitoare la prezumția de nevinovăție au fost dur criticate de către oamenii de știință. Or, cel mai important eveniment care a contribuit la apariția în majoritatea legislațiilor procesual-penale a mai multor state de pe continentul european a fost Marea Revoluție franceză. Importanța ei s-a resimțit departe de hotarele Franței, exercitând o influență enormă asupra sistemului politic și juridic din mai multe state.Item Particularități privind analiza naturii juridice a drepturilor si libertăţilor fundamentale ale omului(USEM, 2021-12-03) Ceban, Cristina; Zaharia, VirginiaThe study design, we aimed to research the legal nature of the rights and freedoms of the human being, because of the issue of human rights has been, is, and will always be in the spotlight, and it will be the object of concern of the experts in the field of law, political scientists, sociologists, politicians, and the whole of the companies, given the fact that human rights have become one of the central ideas of the day that tend to be accepted by all the countries of the world, beyond the differences in the historical, cultural, and economic factors.The purpose of this research is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The field of human rights is a widely discussed topic of vital importance to every state. According to them, their observance leads to a prosperity of each state, to a liberation and tranquility that dominates the whole world. In the process of drawing up this article, methods were used: logical, analytical, comparative.Item Some reflections on the state of emergency within the meaning of article 15 of the European Convention on Human Rights(2021) Cazacu, Doina; Nastas, AndreiThe situation of humanity, emerging from the threats to health and safety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, has made several states act promptly; moreover, very decisively and sharply, thus governments deciding to declare state of emergency. The legal effects of the declaration of state of emergency are likely to limit certain human rights and fundamental freedoms. In this context, many of the member states of the Council of Europe have declared state of public health emergency, citing the exceptions provided in Article 15 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The purpose of this scientific approach is to identify the derogation grounds from the obligation to ensure certain rights and freedoms under the Convention as well as the formal and substantive conditions that states must comply with.Item Права и свободы человека, защищаемые конвенцией о защите прав человека и основных свобод и протоколами к ней(2014) Сосна, АлександрIn the present material, the important aspects of human rights and freedoms protected by the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its Protocols. The author discusses some important classification of the rights and freedoms of the individual, the most successful, coherent classification is enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova.Item CONSOLIDAREA DREPTURILOR OMULUI ÎN CONTEXTUL DEMOCRATIZĂRII ȘI INTEGRĂRII EUROPENE A REPUBLICII MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2022) Burlea, AngelaHuman rights and fundamental freedoms are essential for all human beings, needing to be protected, promoted and guaranteed by law, their respect representing the pillar of freedom in a democratic state. being a main objective of the internal and external policy of the Republic of Moldova, the process of democratization and European integration focuses on establishing clear objectives for the development and modernization of the state in various fields, including the political, legal, economic and scientific fields. The development of these goals requires the consolidation of fundamental human rights and freedoms, this being one of the guarantees of peace and political transformations, the consistency of security and democracy, the sustainability and multidimensional development of the state.