2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/109
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Item Dreptul magistraților la propria imagine(2015) Cojocaru, VioletaTema acestui articol este dictată de realitatea din Republica Moldova, de conotațiile care, după părerea noastră, sunt mult mai adânci, decât par la prima vedere. Nimeni nu contestă faptul ca realizarea unui sistem judiciar independent, imparțial, credibil și eficient reprezintă o condiție necesară pentru supremația legii și a principiilor statului de drept, dar, în același timp, nu trebuie neglijate și drepturile magistraților, care sunt supuși unor presiuni mediatice fără precedent. Atât presa, cât și programele radio sau televizate constant tratează subiecte cu referire la garantarea independenței efective a sistemului judiciar, asigurarea transparenței actului de justiție, îmbunătățirea calității actului de justiție, sporirea eficientei și responsabilizării sistemului judiciar, garantarea accesului liber la justiție, eficientizarea justiției pentru minori, consolidarea dialogului cu societatea civilă și implicarea acesteia în procesul de reformă, crearea premiselor cooperarii judiciare pentru integrarea în spațiul european de libertate, securitate și justiție, prevenirea și combaterea corupției din sistemul judiciar. Sistemul judecătoresc per ansamblu, dar și judecătorii, în particular, sunt actorii vizati în aceste publicații sau emisiuni. Nu ne propunem să apărăm sau să aducem acuzații celor care sunt oponenți, declarând, de fapt, aceleași aspirații, dar vom trece în revista legislația și jurisprudența pertinența în vederea respectării drepturilor omului și adoptarea celor mai bune practici europene.Item PROTECȚIA PROPRIEI IMAGINI IN ERA DIGITALĂ: SOLUȚII JURISPRUDENȚIALE ALE CURȚII EUROPENE A DREPTURILOR OMULUI(CEP USM, 2023) Sârcu, DianaResearch from the last decade shows that a significant number of European countries have developed a regulatory framework according to which the right to Internet access is protected in law by constitutional guarantees applicable to the freedom of expression and to the freedom to receive ideas and information; is considered inherent to the right to access information and communication protected by national constitutions; and includes the right of every person to participate in the information society as well as the obligation of states to guarantee people’ access to the Internet. This leads us to the idea that the set of general safeguards that protect the freedom of expression is also valid for the right to unhindered access to the Internet. If the protection safeguards are equivalent, then does the posting of content (information) in the virtual environment have equivalent consequences, compared to other media, in terms of immediate impact on the private life of a specific person, such as life history, personal photos, pictures of children? What is certain is that the notion of private life, protected under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, embeds elements related to a person’s identity (e.g., the name), image (the photograph), physical and mental integrity. The guarantee provided in this regard under Article 8 of the Convention aims at ensuring the individual’s personal development without any external interference, as well as the development of one’s personality in relation with peers. At the same time, given its accessibility and ability to store and spread a vast amount of information, the Internet irrefutably ensures wide public access to news. The possibility offered to individuals to express themselves in the virtual environment represents today an unprecedented way of exercising freedom of expression, protected under Article 10 of the Convention. In such circumstances, it is clear that national authorities are summoned to a more prudent balancing exercise of the two interests at stake. To guide this complex exercise, we will proceed to an analysis of the general principles concerning the protection of the image in the exercise of the freedom of expression by a third party (including in the virtual environment) (I), the protection of the image of public figures (II), and the protection of the image of children (III).Item ROLUL INSPECȚIEI JUDICIARE ÎN APĂRAREA REPUTAȚIEI PROFESIONALE A JUDECĂTORILOR ȘI A IMAGINII JUSTIȚIEI(Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2018) Creciun, NataliaThe Judiciary was always in the center of media discussions, not only at present and not only in our legal system. In this work we try to synthetize the situations when the Judiciary is criticized from a negative point of view, by spreading information that does not correspond to the reality. The facts are appreciated through two main directions: first of all, freedom of expression is recognized to all the people by international and national standards, and judges, as public figures, must accept social critic; secondly, freedom of expression is not an absolute right and every legal system may impose limits to the use of the mentioned right. The key-idea of the paper is that the Judiciary in general and judges as individuals have to accept the reality of being publicly criticized; but, at the same time, national normative acts have to guarantee their protection against intimidation, harassment, influence, pressure, by overcoming the freedom of expression limits by third parties. We argue that the national Superior Council of Magistracy and the Judicial Inspection, as a subordinated body of the first one mentioned, are the more advisable institutions to involve in defending the professional reputation, the honor and dignity of judges and the independence and image of the Judiciary against unjustified criticism. Recognizing these competences to the named institutions, by express reference in the text of national law, would correspond to the requirements of an independent and consolidated Justice.Item METODOLOGIA EXAMINĂRII SPEŢELOR DE CĂTRE CURTEA EUROPEANĂ PE CAUZELE DISCURSULUI DE URĂ ÎN SPAŢIUL ONLINE(CEP USM, 2021) Călugăru, CorinaThe development of informational technologies has conditioned inter alia the dissemination of hate speech in the online environment. In its case-law, the European Court of Human Rights seeks to provide and develop effective responses to this phenomenon and to its consequences. This paper aims to examine the methodology for assessing hate speech cases, from the perspective of the two approaches used by the European Court and with due regard to the margin of appreciation doctrine, as the main tool in finding the fair balanceItem DEROGATION FROM HUMAN RIGHTS: FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC(CEP USM, 2021) Croitoru, LiviuThis paper aims to explore the legal aspects in which freedom of expression was affected during the pandemics, with particular attention paid to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the concepts and mechanisms of the right to freedom of expression, the derogation clause and how these two legal notions collided in times of public emergencies that took the form of pandemics. Therefore, the historical, theoretical and, importantly, practical aspects of the freedom of expression and the derogation provisions will be analysed and addressed.