2. Articole

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    Legal features of contracts concluded by electronic means
    (CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Tudose, Maricica
    Electronic commercial transactions have been particularly widespread in the business environment, which has led to an acceleration in the widespread adoption of computers, making them indispensable tools in all commercial operations. Concomitantly with the evolution of electronic transactions, the Internet has also marked a scale of evolution, without which, economic agents would not have been able to develop this industry of trading by electronic means. However, the effective implementation of these technological tools has also encountered legislative barriers and ambiguity regarding the legal recognition of electronic transactions. In this respect, a reconsideration of the legal framework has been necessary to ensure a smooth integration of new technologies into commercial practices and to strengthen confidence in their legal effects. In relation to the conclusion of a contract by electronic means, it can be defined as “an agreement of wills between two or more persons to create, modify or terminate a legal relationship, expressed in electronic form”, capturing “on the one hand, the proximate genus, represented by the contract as an agreement to create, modify or terminate a legal relationship, and on the other hand, the specific difference, a difference which consists in the (electronic) form of expression of the concordant wills”. The scope of contracts in electronic form is limited to those contracts materialized in the form of documents in electronic form. All other situations in which the will of a contracting party is expressed by means of an electronic data-processing tool are covered by electronic commerce.
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    Puterea de lucru judecat a tranzacției
    (2013) Belei, Elena
    Actul jurisdicţional dobandeşte autoritate de lucru judecat chiar din momentul pronunţării sale. Această idee a fost şi este admisă de literatura de specialitate, de regulă, cu precizarea că autoritatea lucrului judecat a hotărarii defi nitive are caracter provizoriu şi se va consolida sau, dimpotrivă, se va desfi inţa, in funcţie de soluţia dată in ordinea exercitării căilor de atac.
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    Studiu privind perspectivele executării contractelor internaționale comerciale prin prisma progresului tehnologic
    (2021) Zaharia, Virginia; Cibuc, Angela
    Progresele tehnologice și informatizarea societății contribuie rapid la schimbarea tuturor sferelor activității umane, actualmente relațiile comerciale internaționale au un impact majoritar asupra economiei mondiale, dezvoltarea acestora are loc cu un ritm deosebit de accelerat fapt care și generează anumite lacune din punct de vedere al legislației în acest domeniu. O importanță deosebită în dezvoltarea acestei sfere au avut-o mijloacele electronice de comunicare, devenind destul de populare în ultimele decenii, iar desfășurarea rapoartelor comerciale prin intermediul acestora nu au fost o excepție. În condițiile actuale, ca și instrument juridic fundamental în dreptul privat, contractul nu putea să se dezvolte separat de noile tehnologii impuse de evoluția societății spre lumea virtuală iar în tentativa de a se adapta mediului virtual, contractul a luat forma electronică.
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    Studiu privind perspectivele executarii contractelor internationale comerciale prin prisma progresului tehnologic
    (Tipografia „Adrilang”, 2021) Zaharia, Virginia; Cibuc, Angela
    Progresele tehnologice și informatizarea societății contribuie rapid la schimbarea tuturor sferelor activității umane, actualmente relațiile comerciale internaționale au un impact majoritar asupra economiei mondiale, dezvoltarea acestora are loc cu un ritm deosebit de accelerat fapt care și generează anumite lacune din punct de vedere al legislației în acest domeniu. O importanță deosebită în dezvoltarea acestei sfere au avut-o mijloacele electronice de comunicare, devenind destul de populare în ultimele decenii, iar desfășurarea rapoartelor comerciale prin intermediul acestora nu au fost o excepție. În condițiile actuale, ca și instrument juridic fundamental în dreptul privat, contractul nu putea să se dezvolte separat de noile tehnologii impuse de evoluția societății spre lumea virtuală iar în tentativa de a se adapta mediului virtual, contractul a luat forma electronică.
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    Armonizarea drepturilui internațional privat al Republicii Moldova cu legislația Uniunii Europene
    (Print-Caro, 2023-03-15) Dodon, Adriana
    The EU integration process is an important step forward for the Republic of Moldova. One of the best ways to become closer to the EU is to amend the national legislation to the European unique legislative framework. The legal approximation was a turning point in regard to new regulations upon private international law, as the Civil code was significantly amended in 2019. The process of legal approximation implies the use of methods and techniques for transposing EU legislation into Moldova's national legislation. The main purpose of legal approximation for civil relations in private international law, for example, is to ensure the is a uniform regulation to the same kind of subjects, within different countries or citizenships.
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    Unele aspecte privind contractul electronic. În: Integrare prin cercetare și inovare: conferința științifică națională cu participare internațională
    (CEP USM, 2024) Chibac, Natalia
    With the development of scientific and industrial progress, digital tools have become the aid of citizens and extend electronic commerce. Currently, electronic commerce is constantly expanding, and contracts concluded by electronic means are increasingly used by citizens due to the economic and temporal advantages compared to the classical way of contracting. In this article, some aspects of the electoral contract are analyzed to provide clarity in the current transactions and an analysis is made of the role of the intermediary, as a provider of information from the seller to the consumer (buyer). In the current normative acts, the role of the intermediary is estimated, and as a “bridge” between the seller and the consumer, it is necessary to establish certain requirements for the intermediary and ascertain “what” and “how” he will answer in the process of protecting the consumer in electronic transactions.
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    Impactul impedimentului justificator asupra relațiilor contractual
    (2024) Praporșcic, Valeria
    The devastating effects of the Covid-19 pandemic have affected the whole world, especially with contractual relations being disrupted, given the fact that some contracts were impossible to execute during the period in which the force majeure event existed. The pandemic highlighted how flawed the legislation is in this regard, because even if the Civil Code of the Republic of Moldova provides for the article that provides for the application of the justifying impediment in contractual relations, in practice it turned out to be not so clear.
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    DREPTUL ACHIZIŢIEI PUBLICE CA INSTITUŢIE SAU CA SUB-RAMURĂ A DREPTULUI ADMINISTRATIV
    (2023) Postolachi, Oxana; Cârnaț, Teodor
    Prin mecanismul de achiziţii publice se asigură procurarea în mod transparent şi echitabil a bunurilor, executarea de lucrări sau prestarea de servicii pentru necesităţi publice fie de nivel central, fie de nivel local. Obținerea unui sistem eficient și credibil de achiziții publice reprezintă unul dintre elementele importante în dezvoltarea unor servicii publice de calitate. Reglementarea de stat a domeniului achiziţiilor presupune activitatea unor autorităţi publice competente, în temei executive, privind regulile, standardele și cerințele după care se efectuează procedurile de achiziţie publică. În calitate de autoritate competentă principală în domeniul achiziţiilor publice apare Agenţia Achiziţii Publice (AAP), care este o autoritate administrativă în subordinea Ministerului Finanţelor, constituită în scopul efectuării supravegherii, controlului ex-post şi coordonării între ramuri în domeniul achiziţiilor publice. Dreptul achizițiilor publice este subordonat dreptului administrativ. Cercetarea noastră presupune încadrarea dreptului achizițiilor publice ca instituție sau ca sub-ramură a dreptului administrativ în funcție de aspectele evolutive ale acestuia în timp.
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    CONTRACTUL DE VÂNZARE-CUMPĂRARE A BUNURILOR IMOBILE. ÎNTRE TRECUT ȘI MODERNITATE
    (CEP USM, 2020) Țurcan, Daniela
    The contract of sale represents a great importance for the actual civil circuit. Through the upgrading modifications of the civil legislation, the legislator has wisely managed to maintain the classic regulations regarding the sale contract and, at the same time, has come with new regulations, that offer a totally new perspective regarding concluding the sale contract of immovable assets under construction, contracts with installment payment and many other aspects. The general purpose of this article is to reveal the essence as well as the quality of the civil law modifications.
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    IMPACT OF FORCE MAJEURE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CONTRACTS
    (2022) Plotnic, Olesea; Popescu, Lucia
    The topicality of the subject is determined by the devastating economic effects of the events of the last two years that have affected the economy of the whole world, namely the pandemic with Covid 19 and most recently, the war in Ukraine. These effects are equally disruptive for intellectual property contracts when it is impossible to perform the obligation for the length of time the force majeure event exists, or the party shall engage in efforts to mitigate the effects of the force majeure event to perform the obligation under intellectual property contract. The research aims to clarify what circumstances or events could be considered force majeure, as well as the applicability of legal provisions in the context of measures undertaken by authorities in relation to events occurred. In addition, the performance of intellectual property contracts in force majeure circumstances will be addressed. Following the compared analysis of national legislations and practices, as well as different opinions and considerations of academia, the research reveals what circumstances could be considered a force majeure event, what are its particularities and impact on intellectual property contracts.