2. Articole

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    Condiţiile de garantare şi asigurare a bunei guvernări în domeniul securităţii publice
    (CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Erhan, Ianuș
    Today, the need to ensure and guarantee public security becomes a priority that needs to be achieved without discussions and arguments in the sense of diminishing their impact and importance. The current systems and some states, even if they are considered democratic, do not reach the desired level of public safety, and the explanations are different, starting from the inability of the competent authorities to carry out their duties effectively and ending with the state’s inability to create viable and democratic systems. Regarding human rights and freedoms, they are partially respected, certain areas are exposed to corruption factors, and citizens do not feel safe. More than that, the fragility with which public security guarantee mechanisms are built make them vulnerable to both internal and external crises, and public security is not guaranteed at the expected level. Good governance, including the security sector, means applying certain principles in the exercise of power that ensure uniform and consistent application of public service standards based on democratic values. This is why the analysis of the field of public order and security through the prism of the principles of good governance has the role of determining what is the state of affairs within it, what are the existing problems and deficiencies, as well as possible ways to remedy them.
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    Particularitățile instituției răspunderii civile a magistraților în republica moldova și românia
    (CEP USM, 2024) Mihailenco, Olga
    According to international standards, states must ensure the right to access to justice, which implies not only the possibility of filing an action in court, but also ensuring that the complaint is examined fairly by an independent court, in a procedure in which the citizen’s rights are respected. And in the event that damage has been caused to the litigant through the activity of the court, he is entitled to file a civil action against the state, which in turn, in the case of admitting the complaint and paying compensation, is entitled to file an action in recourse against the magistrate. In this article we propose to carry out a detailed analysis of the provisions of the normative framework in the field of civil liability of magistrates in the Republic of Moldova and in Romania, examining their correspondence to the general principles of law and the provisions of the international normative framework.
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    Mecanisme și instrumente privind monitorizarea respectării statului de drept și a valorilor europene în Uniunea Europeană
    (2020) Suceveanu, Natalia
    Uniunea Europeană (UE) se bazează pe un set de valori consacrate în articolul 2 al TUE. Statul de drept reprezintă una dintre valorile comune pentru toate statele membre. Dreptul primar al UE prevede o serie de mecanisme care au fost utilizate pentru monitorizarea prevenirii încălcărilor și/sau a implementării valorilor europene în statele membre: mecanismul de prevenire și sancţiune (art. 7 TUE), procedura constatării neîndeplinirii obligaţiilor care rezultă din calitatea de stat-membru (art. 258-259 TFUE) și procedura chestiunilor preliminare (art. 267 TFUE). Totuși, începând cu 2012, instituţiile europene au creat o gamă largă de alte mecanisme care au drept scop monitorizarea și prevenirea acţiunilor statelormembre menite să pericliteze valorile europene. Recent, au fost propuse noi mecanisme pentru consolidarea instrumentelor europene privind protecţia valorilor europene, în calitate de soluţii pentru viitor. Mecanismele paralele existente la nivel european, precum și mecanismele create complementar celor existente sunt insuficiente pentru rezolvarea provocărilor identificate și discutate separat pe platforma Comisiei, Consiliului și Parlamentului European.
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    Unele considerente privind interacțiunea Curții Constituționale cu Parlamentul
    (CEP USM, 2024) Aramă, Elena
    The Constitutional Court and the Parliament are differents institutions, according to their legal nature, the Parliament being a representative institution with legislative powers and the Constitutional Court – institution for controlling the constitutionality of legal acts. However, their activity intersects with the participation in the legislative process, which does not put the Parliament in a position of subordonation to the Constitutional Court, but of ensuring respect for the Constitution, to which both must obey. The analisis of the jurisprudential practice of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Moldova demonstrates the courageous position of the Court, which from being a negative legislator (Kelsen), sometimes resorts the position of a positive legislator. The situation exemplified in the case of the exception of unconstitutionality when the Court issues some provisional solutions to protect the rights of people who have a case before a court. The Parliament informed through the Addresses about these provisional solutions and the need to make changes in the normative acts containing the contested provisions.
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    RAȚIUNEA DE A FI A STATULUI DE DREPT ÎNTR-O LUME DIGITALĂ
    (CEP USM, 2023) Margineanu, Valentin
    Currently, the concept of the rule of law, like the entire legal structure, is facing new challenges. Two of these challenges are the globalization and the digitalization. The globalization implies a very close interaction of different legal and state constructions, including different practices of the rule of law. The forms of globalization include the unification of procedures and increasing the role of the judicial power, legal transplant or legal acculturation, and the internationalization of international law. With reference to digitization, there is a very pronounced trend on the conceptualization of the digital state or digital order. The digital reality, the virtual space and the artificial intelligence pose sufficient risks to fundamental human rights and freedoms. Both globalization and digitalization imply important adjustments of the mechanisms of the rule of law in order to guarantee the human rights in the new conditions of social reality.
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    DEMOCRAȚIA ÎNTRE POLITIC, JURIDIC ȘI MORAL
    (Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2018) Aramă, Elena
    a démocratie est un concept complex, recherche scientifique de ce concept entraine beacoup des sciences. Elle represente une realité controversé, polivalente que est exprime par trois dimensions relevantes: politique, juridique et morale. En absence de facteurs politique et juridique la démocratie ne peut pas se constituier, elle n’a pas une forme organizationelle, mais en absence de facteur morale decoule une démocratie simulé. La garantie d’un fonctionnament efficient est la presence et convergence de tout les trois dimensions.
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    INTERPRETAREA JURIDICĂ: DE LA ELEMENTE JURIDICE ȘI POLITICE LA BUN SIMȚ
    (Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2019) Aramă, Elena
    Legal interpretation is a matter of major importance for the legal field, both theoretical and practical. Both the drafting authority and those implementing the law must take into account the values guiding the society in which lawmaking and enforcement processes take place. Democratic constitutional regimes proclaim the principle of separation ofpowers, ie of the three powers: legislative, executive and judicial. This principle in its contemporary version means not the rigid separation, the isolation of each power, but also the cooperation between powers, resulting in such a balance of power, that thanks to the brakes and counterweights provided by the Constitution and laws each of the three powers cannot slip into abuse, and in the presence of these mechanisms the democratic regime of the state is strengthened. A truly democratic regime does not mean parliamentary absolutism, it is not just the ruling of the majority, especially since under the conditions of multiparty elections and the parliamentary majority can represent less than half of the electorateofastate.