2. Articole
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Item Restricționarea unor drepturi ale cetățenilor în perioada stării de urgență(Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2021) Slusarenco, SvetlanaThe Parliament of the Republic of Moldova has the power to declare a state of emergency, siege and war. During a state of emergency, siege or war, depending on the gravity of the situation which led to its establishment, may be restricted, if necessary, to the exercise of the rights or freedoms of citizens in accordance with article 54 of the Constitution. With regard to the restriction of certain rights, the principle of proportionality must be taken into account, according to which any measure taken must be appropriate, necessary and proportionate.Item IMPACTUL PANDEMIEI ASUPRA STATULUI DE DREPT ŞI LIBERTĂȚILOR FUNDAMENTALE ALE OMULUI(CEP USM, 2021-12-08) Chirtoacă, LiliaFinding a balance between fundamental liberties, on the one hand, and the public health policies required for overcoming the crisis wrought by the pandemic, on the other hand, is a difficult task. In this context, it is essential to evaluate the necessity and proporti- onality of the legislation adopted in the period of public health emergency, as well as iden- tify efficient guarantees in the case where governments put in place exceptions, derogati- ons, or restrictions on human rights. More specifically, these limitations on human rights need to be examined according to the tests of legality, legitimacy, and proportionality.Item DREPTUL LA RESPECTAREA VIEȚII PRIVATE ÎN CADRUL PROCEDURILOR PENALE(CEP USM, 2021-12-08) Carajeleascov, CristinaThe priority of each state of law is to guarantee the observance of the right to inviola- bility of the privacy of every person under its jurisdiction. Due to the fact that the privacy right is not an absolute right, both national and international normative acts allow the interference of state authorities under exhaustive conditions provided by law that directly contribute to the achievement of the purpose of criminal proceedings. During criminal proceedings, the investigating judge is in charge of the supervision of the observance of human rights when carrying out criminal prosecution actions adversely affecting the ri- ghts of the persons involved. The importance of judicial control is outlined by the fair, equidistant and objective assessment of the acceptance of the interference in terms of its proportionality compared to the aim pursued.Item UNELE PRECIZĂRI PRIVIND PROPORȚIONALITATEA APĂRĂRII CU GRAVITATEA ATACULUI ÎN CAZ DE LEGITIMĂ APĂRARE(CEP USM, 2022) Botnarenco, MihaelaThe object of the present scientific research refers to the problem of the proportionality of the defense with the seriousness of the attack in the case of self-defense. It is shown that limiting the right to defense based on the criterion of proportionality excludes, in certain cases, the possibility of invoking self-defense. Likewise, it is shown that in the context of evaluating the proportionality of the defense with the seriousness of the attack, the interpreter will not have to limit himself to balancing the social values confronted, making them detached from any other type of element, but will be obliged to take into account both the defensive and offensives means used, the circumstances and conditions of the production of the attack and defense, the physical and mental characteristics of the attacker and the defender, as well as other elements that can help to clarify that questionItem CONTROLUL JUDICIAR AL AUTORIZĂRII EFECTUĂRII INTERCEPTĂRII ŞI ÎNREGISTRĂRII COMUNICĂRILOR PRIN PRISMA PRINCIPIULUI PROPORŢIONALITĂŢII(CEP USM, 2021) Carajeleascov, CristinaSpecial investigative measures make a significant contribution to the process of investigating and counteracting the phenomenon of crime, and the implementation of judicial control in the national legislation ensures respect for the rights of the person involved in criminal proceedings. Respect for human rights in criminal proceedings is ensured by the existing judicial mechanism for authorizing the interception and recording of communications, and the investigating judge has the role of assessing both the need to intercept and record communications and the relevance of the result obtained by verifying compliance with the law when such measures are carried out. This is a complex procedure, which is performed in accordance with the principle of proportionality, where all circumstances are assessed and considered individually, and this ensures the purpose of criminal proceedings.Item DEFINIREA PRINCIPIULUI PROPORŢIONALITĂŢII ÎN LUMINA JURISPRUDENŢEI NAŢIONALE ŞI INTERNAŢIONALE(CEP USM, 2013) Sârcu, Diana; Morărescu, AdrianPrincipiul proporţionalităţii este pe larg utilizat în cadrul relaţiilor internaţionale, inclusiv cu referire la aspectele sensibile ale relaţiilor interstatale, precum: proliferarea armelor nucleare, măsurile autorizate ale statului prejudiciat faţă de cel agresor, regulile de purtare a războiului. Regula proporţionalităţii îşi găseşte aplicare şi în cadrul sistemelor de drept naţionale, în dreptul administrativ şi constituţional, având trei criterii de bază: eficacitatea şi adecvarea, necesitatea şi subsidiaritatea, rezonabilitatea. Diverse instrumente juridice cu caracter fundamental (constituţii şi legi) ale statelor care aparţin diferitelor mari familii de drept în mod expres consacră regula proporţionalităţii. Jurisprudenţa degajată de instanţele naţionale şi internaţionale de jurisdicţie conţine concepte dezvoltate şi elemente proprii proporţionalităţii, ea constituind o legătură de rezonabilitate între mecanismele implicate şi scopul relevant spre a fi atins, în absenţa unor metode mai adecvate de a fi utilizate în acest sens. În sistemul Convenţiei europene a drepturilor omului, principiul proporţionalităţii este unul inerent, fiind aplicabil atât în procesul aprecierii, cât şi în cel al interpretării conceptelor de drepturi şi libertăţi fundamentale garantate.